1、Designation: E1111/E1111M 14Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Interzone Attenuation of Open OfficeComponents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1111/E1111M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method describes the measurement and evaluation of acoustical performance ofcomponents affecting spe
3、ech privacy in open-plan spaces. The maximum privacy theoreticallyavailable at normal working distances in open-plan spaces, with partial height space dividers (screens),is insufficient without the assistance of relatively elevated background masking sound levels. Thus, theprovision of adequate spee
4、ch privacy in open-plan offices and schools is one of the most difficult tasksin the architectural acoustics field. This test method provides a means of objectively measuring therelevant acoustical characteristics of three major components of open-plan spaces, the ceiling system,furniture panels use
5、d as acoustical barriers, and wall finishes which attenuate reflected sound.Furniture panels may be tested for their capacity as an acoustical barrier and/or the degree to whichthey may reduce reflected sound.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the inter-zone attenuation for three
6、 components of open-plan spaces:1.1.1 Ceiling systems when used in conjunction withpartial-height space dividers. This arrangement is commonlyused in offices to achieve speech privacy between work zonesin the absence of full-height partitions. This test method isapplicable to any ceiling configurati
7、on, including, for example,a pattern of sound-reflective panels in an otherwise sound-absorptive ceiling. This test method generally requires use of afixed space divider height of 1.50 m 5 ft. In recognition oftrends toward alternate divider heights in open officeenvironments, measurements with an a
8、lternate divider heightmay be conducted in accordance with this standard.1.1.2 Furniture panels used as acoustical barriers in open-plan spaces to provide speech privacy or sound isolationbetween working positions.1.1.3 Vertical panels, including wall finishes such as sound-absorbent panels, and fur
9、niture panels or screens which mayreflect sound. It may not be applicable to such items as windowfinishes or furniture other than panels if these differ signifi-cantly from flat wall panels.1.1.4 The combination of results from the various compo-nents of an open-plan office is beyond the scope of th
10、isstandard.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-confo
11、rmancewith the standard.1.3 Unless otherwise qualified, all dimensions specified inthis test method shall be understood to have a tolerance of 66mm (614 in.) The values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are providedfor information only.1.4 This sta
12、ndard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1
13、ASTM Standards:2C423 Test Method for SoundAbsorption and SoundAbsorp-tion Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E33 on Buildingand Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE33.02 on Speech Privacy.Curr
14、ent edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1111 07. DOI:10.1520/E1111_E1111M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
15、 Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C634 Terminology Relating to Building and EnvironmentalAcousticsE795 Practices
16、for Mounting Test Specimens During SoundAbsorption TestsE1110 Classification for Determination of Articulation ClassE1179 Specification for Sound Sources Used for TestingOpen Office Components and SystemsE1374 Guide for Open Office Acoustics and ApplicableASTM Standards2.2 ANSI Standards:S1.4 Specif
17、ication for Sound Level Meters3S1.6 Preferred Frequencies and Band Numbers for Acousti-cal Measurements3S1.11 Specification for Octave Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters33. Terminology3.1 The following terms used in this test method havespecific meanings that are defined in T
18、erminology C634:3.1.1 acoustical barrier, ambient noise, diffraction, level,(sound) absorption coefficient, sound pressure levels, pinknoise, white noise.3.2 Definitions of Terms Defined in Other Standards notincluded in Terminology C634:3.2.1 The term source point is defined in SpecificationE1179.3
19、.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 furniture panela furnishing that does not extend tothe ceiling, and that is used to subdivide an open-plan spaceand provide a degree of visual and acoustical privacy. Furniturepanels include interlocking systems furniture and freestandingscreen
20、s.3.3.2 nominal reference levelfor a one-third octave-band,the arithmetic mean of sound pressure levels measured atspecified positions relative to the source in a region free fromreflections.3.3.3 interzone attenuationat a specified position, for aone-third octave band, the difference between the no
21、minalreference level and the sound pressure level at the specifiedpoint.3.3.4 nominal interzone attenuationfor a one-thirdoctave-band, at a specified point, the arithmetic mean interzoneattenuation calculated using the interzone attenuation for thepoint in question and for two adjacent positions 0.3
22、0 m (1 ft)along the survey path.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test facility is essentially an expanse of floor andceiling in which all surfaces excluding the floor and testspecimen have negligible sound reflections. The facility maybe set up in a laboratory, in a mock-up of a proposed building,or
23、 in a completed building. The configuration of the room willdepend on the open-plan component being tested.4.1.1 For testing a ceiling system, a standard space divideris positioned with such dimensions and construction that soundgenerated on one side can reach a measuring point on the otherside only
24、 by way of diffraction over the top of the space dividerand by reflection from the ceiling. With the diffracted compo-nent fixed by the dimensions of the space divider and by theheight of the source and measurement position, the differencebetween the sound pressure levels measured on each side of th
25、espace divider provides a comparative measure of the contribu-tion of ceiling system reflection to the total sound transmission.See Figs. 1 and 2.4.1.2 For a furniture panel tested as an acoustical barrier, thepanel is arranged such that it blocks the direct path of soundfrom the sound source to the
26、 measuring microphones. Soundgenerated by the sound source on one side of the furniturepanel under test reaches the other side chiefly by diffractingover its top edge. A potential secondary path is transmissionthrough the panel. The differences in sound pressure levelsmeasured on each side of the fu
27、rniture panel provide a measureof its effectiveness as an acoustical barrier. See Figs. 3 and 4.4.1.3 For wall finishes and furniture panels tested for theircapacity in suppressing reflected sound, the sound is generatedon one side of a standard barrier that extends from floor toceiling, with a gap
28、at the end facing the test specimen, and ispartially reflected by the test specimen to reach the other side.The difference in magnitude of the sound pressure levelsmeasured on the source and receiving side of the barrierprovides a measure of the attenuation of reflected soundattributable to the prop
29、erties of the test specimen. Sound-absorbent specimens will reflect less energy around the barrierthan sound-reflective specimens. Two test conditions are es-tablished in this test method. Specimens that are wall finishesare applied over a sound-reflective side wall, whereas speci-mens that are furn
30、iture panels are placed against a sound-absorptive side wall. See Fig. 5.4.2 When the test is conducted in a mock-up of a proposedbuilding or in a completed building, strict adherence to the testmethod may not be possible in that the conditions of ceilingheight and plenum depth, etc., cannot be met
31、because of thebuilding design. Under these circumstances, the measurementsapply only to that situation and other identical situations.5. Significance and Use5.1 Providing speech privacy in open-plan spaces dependsupon many factors, the most significant of which are thefollowing: (1) the shadow zone
32、of part-height space dividersand the diffraction of sound from the edges of space dividers;(2) the primary sound reflective properties of the ceilingsystem; (3) the level of masking sound present in the space;and (4) the distance between speaker and listener. Guide E1374provides additional detail on
33、 the factors contributing to speechprivacy in open-plan spaces.5.2 In this test method the third factor, masking sound, iseliminated and the fourth factor, the distance between speakerand listener, is standardized for all specimen types. For themeasurement of ceiling systems, the first factor, the s
34、hadowzone, is also standardized for each divider height used.Experience has indicated that results obtained by this test3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.E1111/E1111M 142method may not fairly represent the s
35、peech privacy that may beachievable with non-flat ceiling systems. For the measurementof furniture panels used as acoustical barriers, the second ofthese factors, the sound reflectance of the ceiling, is standard-ized. For the measurement of reflective and absorptive verticalsurfaces used as wall fi
36、nishings or furniture panels, the first andsecond factors are standardized and all paths between thespeaker and listener reflecting only off of the ceiling areeliminated.FIG. 1 Ceiling Test Configuration, Elevation(speaker is horizontal for other tests)FIG. 2 Test Configuration for Furniture Panels
37、as Acoustical Barriers with Standard Survey Positions, (Plan View)E1111/E1111M 1435.3 This test method provides standardized techniques toassess the contribution of specific components of an open-planspace. The test method specifies an acoustical testing environ-ment for each component type that iso
38、lates its contributionfrom the contribution of other components, which may inactual open-plan environments contribute significantly to theoverall speech privacy.5.4 The significance of test results obtained by this testmethod must also be considered with regard to the attainablemeasurement accuracy.
39、 The attainment of speech privacy in thepresence of masking sound is critically dependent upon soundlevel of the speech relative to the masking sound; a change assmall as 2 dB in either the speech or masking sound maychange the privacy from significant to insignificant. Thenormally accepted test acc
40、uracies for sound attenuation mea-surements may be inadequate to evaluate components havingmarginal interzone attenuation performance for open-officeneeds.6. Laboratory Test Facility6.1 The plan view dimensions of the facility shall be at least4.50 by 9.00 m 15 by 30 ft. The height of the facility,m
41、easured from the floor to the inner face of the sound-absorptive covering on the ceiling, shall be at least 2.70 m 9ft. Where ceiling systems are to be measured, additionalheight is required to provide the plenum space described in9.1.1.6.2 The floor shall be of a solid material such as concrete orp
42、lywood weighing at least 20 kg/m2(4 lb ft2). It shall becovered with carpet without an underlayment. This is typical ofopen plan spaces. The absorption coefficients of the carpet shallbe measured in accordance with Test Method C423, and thesound absorption average (SAA) shall lie in the range from0.
43、15 to 0.40.6.3 The walls shall have random incidence sound absorptioncoefficients of at least 0.90 for all test frequencies. The wallFIG. 3 Test Configuration for Furniture Panels as Acoustical Barriers with Near Survey Positions, (Plan View)FIG. 4 Test Configuration for Furniture Panels as Acoustic
44、ally Reflecting Surfaces, (Plan View)E1111/E1111M 144covering sound absorption shall be measured in accordancewith Test Method C423 with a mounting equivalent to thatused in the test facility except where the requirements of 9.3are to be met. To meet the requirements of 9.3, the soundabsorbing mater
45、ial on sections of a wall may either bedemountable or be covered with a hard surface.6.4 Test configuration shall be as follows:6.4.1 For measurements of a ceiling system, a space dividershall extend the full width of the facility between the side wallsand shall be placed at least 2.70 m 9 ft from b
46、oth end walls.The divider shall have a core of rigid, impermeable materialweighing not less than 7.0 kg/m21.4 lb/ft2, and shall be facedon both sides with a 50 mm 2.0 in. thickness of soundabsorbing material. The core shall extend fully to the top of thespace divider, as shall the sound absorption f
47、acing material.The space divider shall have a minimum SAA of 0.80 whenmeasured in general accordance with the provisions for testingoffice space dividers in Test Method C423. There shall be nogap between the bottom of the space divider and the floor. Ifthe space divider is assembled in sections, car
48、e shall be takento minimize sound transmission at the joints. Measurementsshall be made with a space divider 1.50 m 5 ft high.Measurements may also be made with a space divider 1.80 m6 ft high. See Figs. 1 and 2.NOTE 1Since the core and absorptive facings of the divider extend toits top, the divider
49、 may not be capped.6.4.2 For measurements on furniture panels tested as acous-tical barriers: The ceiling covering shall have random inci-dence sound absorption coefficients of at least 0.95 at allfrequencies at which measurements are to be made. See Figs.2 and 3.NOTE 2Since reflections from those portions of the walls and ceilingof the facility which are not part of the specimen may reduce the measuredattenuations, it is important to eliminate these reflections as much aspossible.6.4.3 For measurements of wall finishes or furniture panelstested for the
