1、Designation: E 1234 07Standard Practice forHandling, Transporting, and Installing Nonvolatile Residue(NVR) Sample Plates Used in Environmentally ControlledAreas for Spacecraft1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1234; the number immediately following the designation indicates the y
2、ear oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the handling, transporting, and
3、installing of sample plates used for the gravimetric determina-tion of nonvolatile residue (NVR) within and between facili-ties.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use
4、. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 1235 Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Non-volatile Residue (NV
5、R) in Environmentally ControlledAreas for Spacecraft2.2 ISO Standards:14644-1, Cleanrooms and Associated ControlledEnvironmentsPart 1: Classification of Air Cleanliness314644-2, Cleanrooms and Associated ControlledEnvironmentsPart 2: Specifications for Testing andMonitoring to Prove Continued Compli
6、ance with ISO14644-132.3 U.S. Federal Standard:FED-STD-209E Airborne Particulate Cleanliness Classes inCleanrooms and Clean Zones42.4 Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology:IEST-RP-CC001.3, HEPA and ULPA Filters3IEST-RP-CC007.1, Testing ULPA Filters3IEST-RP-CC034.1, HEPA and ULPA Filter
7、Leak Tests3IEST-STD-CC1246, Product Cleanliness Levels and Con-tamination Control Program32.5 American National Standards Institute:ANSI/ASME B46.1-1985, Surface Texture (Surface Rough-ness, Waviness, and Lay)53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ISO Class N (airborne particulate cleanliness class),n
8、level of airborne particulate concentrations as defined inISO 14644-1 and 14644-2, where 10Nis the maximumallowable concentrations (particles per cubic metre).3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe considered particle sizes (lowerthreshold values) applicable for classification with ISO14644-1 are limited to the rang
9、e from 0.1 through 5 m.Particles larger than 5 m (macroparticles) may be expressed inaccordance with Annex E of ISO 14644-1.3.1.2 FS209, nthe level of cleanliness specified by themaximum allowable number of particles per cubic foot of air asdefined in FED-STD-209E.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis is provided
10、for information and tofacilitate the transition to the use of the ISO classificationstandard (ISO 14644-1).3.1.3 clean area, na general term that includes clean-rooms, controlled areas, good housekeeping areas, and otherareas that have contamination control by physical design andspecified operating
11、procedures.3.1.4 clean zone, na defined space in which the contami-nation is controlled to meet specified cleanliness levels.3.1.5 contaminant, nunwanted molecular and particulatematter that could affect or degrade the performance of thecomponents upon which they reside.3.1.6 contamination, na proce
12、ss of contaminating.3.1.7 controlled area, nan environmentally controlledarea, operated as a cleanroom, but without the final stage ofHEPA (or better) filters used in cleanrooms.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on SpaceSimulation and Applications of Space Technology and
13、 is the responsibility ofSubcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E 1234 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Serv
14、ice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 940 E.Northwest Highway, Mount Prospect, IL 60056.4Available from Institute of Environmenta
15、l Sciences and Technology, 940 E.Northwest Highway, Mount Prospect, IL 60056, and U.S. government sources.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineer-ing Center, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
16、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.7.1 DiscussionOnly rough filters (50 to 60 % effi-ciency) and medium efficiency filters (80 to 85 % efficiency)are required for a controlled area. The maximum allowableairborne particle concentrations are ISO Class 8.5 (FS209Class 283 000) area for part
17、icles $0.5 m and ISO Class 8(FS209 Class 100 000) for particles $5.0 m.3.1.8 environmentally controlled areas, ncleanrooms,controlled areas, good housekeeping areas, and other enclo-sures that are designed to protect products from contamination.3.1.8.1 DiscussionCleanliness is achieved by controllin
18、gair purity, temperature, humidity, materials, garments, andpersonnel activities.3.1.9 facility (clean facility), nthe total real propertyrequired to accomplish the cleanroom functions.3.1.10 good housekeeping area, nan environmentallycontrolled area without quantitative cleanliness requirementsbut
19、maintained in a visibly clean condition.3.1.10.1 DiscussionOffice, laboratory, and storage areaswith air conditioning and janitorial service are typical of goodhousekeeping areas.3.1.11 HEPA (high effciency particulate air) filter, nafilter for air with a removal efficiency in excess of 99.97 % for0
20、.3-m sized particles.3.1.11.1 DiscussionFor this application, HEPA filtersshall meet the requirements of IEST-RP-CC001.3, IEST-RP-CC007.1, IEST-RP-CC034.1, and 6.8 of this practice.3.1.12 molecular contaminantnonparticulate contami-nant, nnonparticulate matter.3.1.12.1 DiscussionThe molecular contam
21、inant may be ina gaseous, liquid, or solid state. It may be uniformly ornonuniformly distributed or be in the form of droplets. Mo-lecular contaminants account for most of the NVR.3.1.13 NVR (nonvolatile residue), nquantity of residualsoluble, suspended, and particulate matter remaining after thecon
22、trolled evaporation of a volatile liquid at a specifiedtemperature.3.1.13.1 DiscussionThe liquid is usually filtered througha membrane filter, of a specified size, before evaporation. Theprocess used to determine the NVR may affect the quantitativemeasurement. Process factors include filter size, so
23、lvent, andthe evaporation temperature and atmosphere. For this reason,the process must be defined.3.1.14 particle (particulate contaminant), na piece ofmatter in a solid or liquid (droplet) state with observablelength, width, and thickness. The size of a particle is usuallydefined by its greatest di
24、mension and is specified in microme-tres.3.1.15 separative device, nequipment utilizing construc-tional and dynamic means to create assured levels of separationbetween the inside and outside of a defined volume. Someindustry-specific examples of separative devices are clean airhoods, containment enc
25、losures, gloveboxes, isolators and mini-environments.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Covered, stainless steel, NVR plates are transported in asealed carrier within an outer nylon bag to the facility that is tobe monitored for NVR deposition.4.2 The outer bag is removed from the plate carrier withinthe ent
26、rance air lock of the cleanroom, controlled area, or otherenvironmentally controlled area in accordance with the opera-tional procedures for that facility and associated clean areas.4.3 The clean NVR plate carrier is taken into the clean area.4.4 Locations for attaching the plates within the clean a
27、reaare in accordance with the facility contamination control plan,operating procedures, and other official documentation.4.5 Each NVR plate is removed from the carrier, the coveris removed, and the plate is mounted in a vertical positionwithin the clean area.4.6 The cover is returned to the plate ca
28、rrier for storage untilrequired when the plates are collected after the requiredexposure time.4.7 One of the NVR plates is removed from the carrier, thecover is removed, the cover is replaced, and the plate isreturned to the carrier. This NVR plate is handled in the samemanner as the exposed plates.
29、 This plate is designated as theblank or control sample.4.8 After exposure, the NVR plates are removed from theirlocations in the clean area and are replaced with clean NVRplates in accordance with the facility and clean area contami-nation control plan, operating procedures, and other officialdocum
30、ents.4.9 The exposed plates are covered and placed into theoriginal NVR plate carrier, returned to the analysis laboratory,and processed in accordance with Test Method E 1235.5. Apparatus and Materials5.1 NVR Plate, Type 316 corrosion-resistant steel with anarea of approximately 0.1 m2(1 ft2). The p
31、late shown in Fig. 1has been found to be satisfactory. The surface texture of thesampling surface shall be 0.80 m (32 in.) or better perANSI/ASME B46.1. The plate shall be electropolished andengraved with an identification number.5.2 NVR Plate Cover, Type 316 corrosion-resistant steel.The cover show
32、n in Fig. 2 has been found to be satisfactory.The surface texture shall be 0.80 m (32 in.) or better perANSI/ASME B46.1.5.3 Noncontaminating Nylon (Polyamide) Bag to encloseeach covered NVR plate.65.3.1 Bags shall meet the safety and outgassing require-ments for the spacecraft and spacecraft process
33、ing facility andshall not contain or generate molecular or particulate matterthat could contaminate the NVR plate or NVR plate carrier.5.4 NVR Plate CarrierThe sealable, aluminum carriershown in Fig. 3 has been found to be satisfactory. The carriershall be constructed so as to prevent cross contamin
34、ationbetween plates.5.5 Noncontaminating Nylon (Polyamide) Bag5, to protectthe NVR plate carrier in 5.4. The polyamide film material shallmeet the safety and outgassing requirements for the spacecraftand spacecraft processing facility. (See Note 2.)6Heat-sealable Capran 980 from Allied Chemical has
35、been found to besatisfactory.E12340725.6 HEPA filtered, ISO Class 5 (FS209 Class 100), or betterenvironment, as defined in ISO 14644-1, unidirectional airflow, clean work station.5.7 Gloves, solvent compatible and resistant.7(WarningGloves shall be used to protect the hands from accidental spillsof
36、the NVR solvent and minimize contamination of exposedsamples. Gloves shall be selected to meet local safety andcontamination control requirements.)5.8 Oil-Free Aluminum Foil,8to cover the NVR plate if thecover in 6.2 is not used.5.9 HEPA FiltersAll HEPA filters shall be constructed oflow outgassing,
37、 corrosion-resistant, and fire-resistant materialssuch as Grade 1 in IES-RP-CC001.3. Filters with stainless steelor aluminum frames should be considered. The filters shall notbe tested with DOP (dioctylphthalate) or other liquid aerosols.Ambient air and solid aerosol test methods are acceptablealter
38、natives to the DOP test. Applicable test methods fromIEST-RP-CC007.1 and IEST-RP-CC034.1 shall be considered.6. Procedure6.1 Clean and prepare the NVR sample plates and platecovers in accordance with Cleaning of Equipment (8.2) of TestMethod E 1235.6.2 Verify that the carrier is visually clean. If c
39、leaning isrequired, clean to Level 100A per IEST-STD-CC1246.6.3 Perform all packaging operations in a unidirectional airflow in clean work station ISO Class 5 (FS209 Class 100)7Pioneer green nitrile gloves, Catalog No. A10-1, have been found to besatisfactory.8Fed Spec. Food Service Grade aluminum f
40、oil, oil free, Federal Stock No.8135-00-724-0551 has been found to be satisfactory.FIG. 1 NVR Collector PlateFIG. 2 NVR Plate CoverE1234073environment as defined in ISO 14644-1 or an equivalentcleanroom or clean zone.6.4 Verify that the NVR plate cover (5.2) is on the NVRplate or that the oil-free a
41、luminum foil (5.8) is installed.6.5 Verify that a certification decal or tag (See Fig. 4)isincluded with each NVR plate.NOTE 1Care should be taken not to touch the sampling surfaces of theNVR plate. Gloves should be worn to prevent skin flakes and oil fromcontaminating the plates.6.6 Verify that the
42、 serial numbers of the NVR plates, platecovers, and carrier are on the traveler paper (see Fig. 5).6.7 Verify that the covered NVR plate is enclosed in anoncontaminating nylon bag (5.3) and installed in the NVRplate carrier. Place the lid on the carrier and fasten securely.6.8 Affix the proper quali
43、ty decal or tag (see Fig. 4)tothecontainer in accordance with local requirements.6.9 Seal the NVR plate carrier in the noncontaminating bag.6.10 Attach the traveler sheets (Fig. 5) to the outer bag.6.11 Transport the NVR plate carrier in a closed vehicle tothe clean facility.NOTE 2The objective is t
44、o protect the carrier from contaminationduring transport. The noncontaminating nylon (polyamide) bag shall beused when the carrier is to be removed from a controlled environment fortransport.NOTE 3NVR plates inside secured plate carriers are to be transportedwithin a moderately controlled area, for
45、example, inside the cab of thetruck, as to limit exposure to contamination and excessive changes intemperature. Plates returning to the laboratory for analysis are particularlycritical because of possible volatility of the NVR.6.12 If the NVR plate carrier is not to be used immediately,store it with
46、in an outer nylon (polyamide) bag in an ISO Class8.5 (FS209 Class 300 000) or better clean area, a controlledarea, or a good housekeeping area. Reclean the plates inaccordance with Test Method E 1235, Cleaning of Equipment(8.2), after six months for acceptability or as determined bylocal conditions.
47、NOTE 4An acceptable storage time for the NVR plates beforerequiring recertification should be determined because local conditionscan affect the process.6.13 Remove the outer bag in the entrance air lock of thecleanroom, controlled area, or other environmentally con-trolled area in accordance with th
48、e procedures of the cleanareas for handling clean tools and instruments.6.14 Clean the outside of the NVR plate carrier, if required,in accordance with clean area procedures.6.15 Personnel shall wear the cleanroom garments pre-scribed for the clean area.6.16 Carry the NVR plate carrier into the clea
49、n area.6.17 Determine the mounting locations for the NVR plates.The locations are usually dictated by the contamination controlplan and operating procedures for the clean area.6.18 Open the NVR plate carrier and remove the NVRplates one at a time.6.19 Put on gloves before handling the NVR plates.6.20 Remove the plate from the plastic bag.6.21 Remove the cover and store the cover in the carrier foruse after the required exposure.6.22 If aluminum foil was used to cover the plates instead ofhard covers, carefully remove the foil from each plate
