1、Designation: E1307 10Standard Practice forSurface Preparation and Structural Adhesive Bonding ofPrecured, Nonmetallic Composite Facings to StructuralCore for Flat Shelter Panels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Depar
3、tment of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the materials, processes, and qual-ity controls to be used in the manufacture of durable adhesivebonded, nonmetallic faced, flat sandwich panels for rigid wallrelocatable shelters.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The v
4、alues given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this sta
5、ndard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C297/C297M Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength ofSandwich ConstructionsE865 Specification for Structural Film Adhesives
6、 for Hon-eycomb Sandwich PanelsE990 Specification for Core-Splice Adhesive for Honey-comb Sandwich Structural PanelsE1091 Specification for Nonmetallic Honeycomb Core forUse in Shelter Panels2.2 Federal Standard:3FED STD 209 Clean Room and Work Station Requirements2.3 Society of Automotive Engineers
7、 (SAE) Standard:4SAE-AMS-S-8802 Sealing Compound, Temperature-Resistant, Integral Fuel Tanks and Fuel Cell Cavities,High-Adhesion2.4 Military Handbook:3MIL-Handbook 337 Adhesive Bonded Aerospace Struc-tures3. Significance and Use3.1 Durable adhesive bonds of composite laminates can beobtained reliab
8、ly only through proper selection and carefulcontrol of the materials used and the steps in the bondingprocess. The preparation of the composite laminates to obtainsurfaces with appropriate characteristics is a critical step.Improper surface preparation can produce seemingly accept-able bonds that ca
9、n degrade rapidly with time. This practicedescribes how properly prepared surfaces can be obtained.3.2 The formation of reproducible, durable, adhesive bondsin structural units requires great care in the selection ofmaterials, the preparation of the surfaces of the parts to bebonded, the fit of part
10、s, and the performance of the steps in thebonding process. Experience has shown that adhesive bondingcarried out in accordance with this practice produces reproduc-ible bonds.4. Materials4.1 MaterialsMaterials shall be as specified herein or asspecified in the contract. All materials shall be stored
11、 andhandled in such a manner as to provide protection againstdegrading environments and mechanical damage.4.2 Composite Reinforcement and ResinThe compositereinforcement and resin shall meet the requirements specifiedin the procurement document.4.3 Peel Ply FabricAnonreuseable peel ply shall be used
12、.Closely woven fabric of nylon, polyester, or glass has been1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.53 onMaterials and Processes for Durable Rigidwall Relocatable Structures.Current edition appro
13、ved Nov. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1307 05. DOI:10.1520/E1307-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards v
14、olume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.4Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,
15、Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.found suitable. The peel ply fabric must be compatible with themanufacturing process.4.4 Precured FacingsThe facings shall be certified ascom
16、plying with the reinforcement, resin binder, resin content,and thickness requirements of the procurement document.Facings shall be free of defects that may adversely affect thestructural integrity of the bonded panel.4.5 CoreThe core material shall be as specified in Speci-fication E1091 or the proc
17、urement document and shall meet therequirements of the applicable document.4.6 Structural Film AdhesiveThe adhesive shall conformto the requirements of Specification E865. It shall be stored inaccordance with the manufacturers recommendations.4.7 Core Splice AdhesiveThe core splice adhesive shallcon
18、form to the requirements of Specification E990. It shall bestored in accordance with the manufacturers recommenda-tions.5. Facilities5.1 Panel Assembly Layup AreaThe panel assembly layuparea is an enclosed, environmentally controlled area (ECA)that is continuously controlled for temperature, relativ
19、e humid-ity, and concentration of airborne particles. The ECA shall bemaintained at a temperature of 24 6 6C (75 6 10F) and notmore than 50 % relative humidity. The temperature and relativehumidity shall be recorded continuously. All incoming andrecirculated air shall be filtered to control airborne
20、 particles.The air handling equipment shall provide at least five airchanges per hour in the ECA. The filters shall ensure that theparticle count within the ECAwill not exceed 7 3 106particlesper cubic metre (200 000 particles per cubic foot) of size 1 mand larger. The air pressure differential betw
21、een the ECA andadjacent areas shall be monitored continuously and recorded atleast twice weekly. The air pressure in the ECA shall bemaintained above that of adjacent areas by a minimum of 50 Pa(0.015 in. Hg). The particle count shall be monitored inaccordance with FED STD 209. The recorders shall b
22、e cali-brated every six months. The ECA shall be conspicuouslyidentified at all entrances as “limited access.” Unnecessarytraffic within the ECA shall not be permitted. Eating andsmoking within the ECA shall not be permitted and the ECAshall be so posted. All material, tools, and equipment used inth
23、e ECA shall be clean, low shed, and free from lint, oil, andgrease. The use and application of oil, grease, mold releaseagents, or other possible contaminants within the ECA shall beprohibited. The interior, exposed surfaces of the ECA shall benonshedding and easily cleaned to minimize dust generati
24、on.Any particle-generating preparations such as removal of peelply, insertion of foam into honeycomb core, or cleaning mustbe accompanied by filtered vacuum when performed in theECA.6. Equipment6.1 Platen PressPressure equipment for bonding of shel-ter panels shall be large enough to permit the bond
25、ing of thetotal panel in one step. The manufacturer shall provide cali-bration and test data demonstrating that the temperature on thetwo facings of press platens during lamination will be equaland uniform within 4 % of their nominal temperature. Thepressure equipment used for curing the panels shal
26、l be capableof applying greater than 140 kPa (20 psi) and 150C (300F)over the entire panel surface. Platens shall be flat to within 0.17mm/m (0.002 in./ft). The pressure equipment shall be equippedwith temperature and pressure recorders and controls thataccurately control heat-up rate, pressure appl
27、ication, dwelltime, cool down (when required), and pressure removal. Thepressure equipment shall also be equipped with suitabledevices (for example, caul sheets) that facilitate moving thepanel layup into the press without misaligning the layup.6.1.1 Calibrations, Temperature, and Pressure Require-m
28、ents and ControlsGages shall be calibrated at least everysix months by an accredited independent laboratory or by themanufacturer if approved by the purchaser. The latest calibra-tion certificate shall be attached to the equipment near eachgage. It shall be demonstrated that the actual bonding press
29、ureis within 10 % of the nominal pressure. It shall also bedemonstrated that the average temperatures of the top andbottom panel facings during the bonding process are equal anduniform to within 4 % of the nominal temperature. Thermo-couples placed within 150 mm (6 in.) of each corner and at thecent
30、er of each facing shall be used to demonstrate the unifor-mity of the temperature. Compliance of the equipment withthese requirements shall be verified at intervals not exceedingsix months. A permanent record of the pressure, time, andtemperature measurements during bonding compliance checksshall be
31、 maintained. All calibrations must be traceable to theNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).6.2 AutoclaveThe autoclave equipment for bonding shel-ter panels shall be large enough to permit the bonding of entireshelter panel assemblies in one step. The autoclave shall beequipped with
32、vacuum gages and temperature and pressurerecorders that accurately control heat-up rate, pressure appli-cation, dwell time, cool down, and pressure removal. Vacuumventing facilities shall be provided. The autoclave equipmentused for curing the panels shall be capable of applying greaterthan 140 kPa
33、(20 psi) and 150C (300F). The manufacturershall provide calibration and test data demonstrating that thetemperature was maintained within 4 % of the nominal tem-perature and the pressure was maintained within 10 % of theoperating pressure.6.3 Testing EquipmentThe supplier shall have availablesuffici
34、ent testing equipment to ensure that all process controlspecimen preparation and testing required by this practice canbe accomplished.All calibrations of test equipment required bythis practice shall be traceable to the NIST.7. Preparation of Composite Facings7.1 The composite reinforcement, number
35、of plies, resin,and cure cycle shall meet the requirements as specified in theshelter specification.7.2 Peel PlyA peel ply shall be included as the surfacelayer for the side of the precured skin that will be later bonded.The peel ply shall extend past all edges.7.3 Peel Ply RemovalPrior to bonding,
36、remove the peelply from the faying surface to provide a clean, high-areasurface ideal for bonding. Removal shall be accomplished inthe ECA.E1307 1028. Quality Assurance of Composite Facings8.1 HandlingParts with the peel ply removed or beingremoved shall be handled using clean gloves or other method
37、sto prevent surface contamination.8.2 MarkingAll processed parts shall be marked with thedate and time of manufacture. If the surface with the peel plyremoved must be marked, marking shall be lightly scribed.8.3 Written Process ProcedureEach processor shall keepa written record of the date and time
38、the peel ply was removed,the time placed into the ECA, and the time the facing wasbonded.8.4 Visual InspectionAfter removal of the peel ply, thefaying surface shall be inspected for defects as defined by theprocurement document. Any defects shall be recorded.9. Shelter Panel Construction9.1 The matr
39、ix resin, fiber reinforcement, thickness of thefacings, edge closure details, core type, and the weights andsizes of the panels shall be as specified in the procurementdocument. Unless otherwise specified, the allowable deviationfrom flatness of the bonded panel shall be within 1.5 mm (116in.) when
40、measured as specified in 14.3.1 against the concaveside of the panel. With the panel in a horizontal position, laythe straight edge on the panel surface and measure themaximum gap between the straightedge and the panel. Thefacing surfaces may contain local bulges or depression withinthe allowable fl
41、atness tolerance specified above.9.2 Edge Closures and Framing MembersThe edge clo-sures and framing members shall be as specified in the shelterdesign specification. When the shelter design requires the edgeclosures and framing members to be bonded simultaneouslywith panel bonding, the edge closure
42、s and framing membersshall be bonded to the facings with the adhesive specified in 4.6and to the core with adhesive specified in 4.7.9.3 Preparation of Composite Facing and Edge ClosuresCutting, trimming, and sizing shall be made prior to surfacepreparation. Silicone based cutting fluids shall not b
43、e used inprocessing of detailed parts. The prepared composite facingsand framing members shall be free of contaminants beforeapplication of the adhesive. Parts requiring identification shallbe marked with inks or methods approved for bonding.9.4 Preparation of CoreThe core shall be cleaned of dustwi
44、th dry, oil-free, filtered compressed air or vacuumed prior todelivery to the panel assembly layup area. When honeycombcore is used and the cells are filled with plastic foam, thesurface of the installed foam shall be at least 1.5 mm (116 in.)below the surface of the honeycomb on both surfaces, and
45、allbonding surfaces shall be free of foam, dust, and contaminantsby vacuuming. When a panel requires more than one sheet ofcore, the seam between pieces shall be spliced so that theuniformity of thickness is maintained across the seam. Thecore splicing material must be impermeable to water and serve
46、as a barrier to water migration and meet the requirements ofSpecification E990. The core splicing method and adhesiveused shall be such that the shear strength of the splice shall beequal to or greater than the core shear strength. Any crushedcorners and edges of the core sheets shall be repaired an
47、d thesheet resquared prior to splicing and lamination. Where theshelter design requires that all framing members be bondedsimultaneously with panel bonding, the core shall fit into thepanel layup such that the gap between the core and the framingmembers is no more than 1.5 mm (116 in.). Adhesive mee
48、tingthe requirements of Specification E990 must fill this gap andprovide a good bond to the framing members. The volatilecontent of the core (including moisture) at the time of panelassembly shall not exceed 2% by mass for honeycomb andbalsa wood when tested in accordance with 14.1. Other coremateri
49、als shall meet the requirements specified in the designspecification.9.5 Application of AdhesiveThe procedures for applica-tion of adhesive shall be in conformance with the manufactur-ers instructions in the process specification approved by thepurchaser of the adhesive. Film adhesives shall be brought tothe temperature of the panel assembly layup room prior toremoval of the protective wrapper.9.6 Assembly and Handling of Panel ComponentsThemethod of handling the core with the facings shall ensure thatthere will be no relative movement between c
