1、Designation: E1368 11Standard Practice forVisual Inspection of Asbestos Abatement Projects1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1368; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for performing visualinspections of asbestos response actions to:1.1.1 Establish the extent of the required
3、 work before itbegins;1.1.2 Determine the progress and quality of the work andevaluate the completeness of the response action; and1.1.3 Evaluate the cleanliness of the work area prior to finalair testing for clearance (if performed), and subsequent todismantling of critical barriers.1.2 This practi
4、ce can be used on an abatement project, or foroperations and maintenance (O the project monitor,as defined by this practice. All parties are cautioned that the subjectauthorities and corresponding responsibilities be understood, mutuallyagreed upon, and correspondingly addressed with appropriate mod
5、ifica-tions, if necessary, to the contract documents for a specific project.1.3 This practice provides the following information:1.3.1 The objectives of the visual inspection process;1.3.2 The responsibilities and qualifications of the individu-als involved in the visual inspections;1.3.3 The schedu
6、le of visual inspection activities during anabatement project and O1.3.4 The inspection procedures for the various types ofabatement work and O and1.3.5 The criteria for certifying work as complete on thebasis of the visual inspections.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas s
7、tandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 WarningAsbestos fibers are acknowledged carcino-gens. Breathing asbestos fibers can result in disease of thelungs including asbestosis, lung canc
8、er, and mesothelioma.Precautions in this standard practice should be taken to avoidcreating and breathing airborne asbestos particles from mate-rials known or suspected to contain asbestos. See 2.2 forregulatory requirements addressing asbestos.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of th
9、esafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safetystatements, see 12.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AS
10、TM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE736 Test Method for Cohesion/Adhesion of Sprayed Fire-Resistive Materials Applied to Structural MembersE1494 Practice for Encapsulants for Spray- or Trowel-Applied Friable Asbestos-Containing Building MaterialsE2356 Practice for Comprehensive
11、Building Asbestos Sur-veysE2394 Practice for Maintenance, Renovation, and Repair ofInstalled Asbestos Cement ProductsF141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor Coverings2.2 Other Documents:29 CFR 1910.1001 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA General Industry Standard)329 CFR 1915.1001 Occupatio
12、nal Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA Shipyard Standard)329 CFR 1926.1101 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA Construction Standard)31This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.24 onBuilding Preservation
13、and Rehabilitation Technology.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1368 051. DOI:10.1520/E1368-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
14、 serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1C
15、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.40 CFR Part 61 National Emission Standards for HazardousAir Pollutants: Subpart MAsbestos340 CFR Part 763 Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schoolsand Model Accreditation Plan (EPA AHERA R
16、egula-tions)3Guidance Manual Asbestos Operations and MaintenanceWork Practices4Managing Asbestos in Place How to Develop and Maintaina Building Asbestos Operations and Maintenance (O or (2) a space, within which asbestosabatement operations are performed, whose limits are definedby rigid or non-rigi
17、d barriers for the purpose of controllingaccess and limiting fiber escape.3.2.12 fiber release episode, nuncontrolled or uninten-tional disturbance of asbestos-containing materials which re-sults in the generation of dust and debris.3.2.13 friable material, nmaterial easily crumbled orpowdered by mo
18、derate (hand) pressure.3.2.14 glovebag, na nominally 6-mil minimum thicknesstransparent polyethylene or poly(vinyl chloride) plastic bagwith inward projecting longsleeve gloves, designed to enclosean object from which an asbestos-containing material is to beremoved.3.2.15 high effciency particulate
19、air (HEPA) filter, nthefinal stage filter on a negative pressure ventilation device (see3.2.19) or on a vacuum cleaner.3.2.16 industrial hygienist, na professional trained in thehealth and physical sciences who is qualified to recognize,evaluate, and monitor potential occupational and environmen-tal
20、 exposures to hazardous materials, and to formulate mea-sures for their control.3.2.17 load-out area, na structure attached to, but notwithin, the abatement area into which containers of removedmaterial are passed and stored for subsequent transfer to a truckfor disposal.3.2.18 mini-enclosure, nan e
21、nclosure as defined in 3.2.11(2), consisting of a change room and work room (no shower),4Available from National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS), 1090 VermontAvenue, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20005, http:/www.nibs.org.5Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Arie
22、lRios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20004, http:/www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/management_in_place.html.E1368 112that is large enough for one or two workers, is under negativepressure by a HEPA-filtered exhaust device, and is used for arelatively short period of time.3.2.19 negative
23、pressure, nslightly reduced pressurewithin the work area, relative to the space outside the workarea, to prevent leakage of contaminated air from the workarea.3.2.20 pre-bid conference, na meeting held at the job siteto discuss and clarify contract requirements and allow prospec-tive bidders to view
24、 the work.3.2.21 project monitor, nthe building owners representa-tive who observes abatement activities performed by contrac-tors to ensure that abatement work is completed according tospecifications and in compliance with all relevant statutes andregulations.3.2.22 regulated area, nan area establi
25、shed by the em-ployer to demarcate areas where airborne concentrations ofasbestos exceed or can reasonably be expected to exceed thepermissible exposure limit.3.2.23 residue, nvisible material which remains on theabated surface due to incomplete removal and cleaning.3.2.24 response action, na method
26、 of abatement (such asremoval, encapsulation, or enclosure) or operations and main-tenance (such as repair, clean-up, or preventive measures) ofasbestos-containing material in any form, for any purposewhatsoever.3.2.25 sealer, nmaterial applied to a pipe or substrateafter completion of the final cle
27、aning operation to bondunremoved fiber residue to the pipe or substrate, that iscompatible with intended retrofit requirements and operatingtemperature conditions.3.2.26 testing laboratory, na laboratory that determines(1) airborne fiber concentrations from air sample filters, and (2)the amount and
28、type of asbestos in bulk samples.3.2.27 unremoved material, nany material which wasrequired to be removed by a response action but remainssubstantially undisturbed.3.2.28 visual inspection process, nthe activities before,during, and at the conclusion of a response action that areassociated with dete
29、cting the presence of visible residue, dustand debris, or unremoved material and verifying the absencethereof at the completion of a response action.3.3 Terms Defined in Practice E2356:3.3.1 non-friable organically bound (NOB) materials,nmaterials that are not friable and that consist of fibers ando
30、ther particulate matter embedded in a solid matrix of asphal-tic, vinyl or other organic substances.3.3.2 skim coat, na thin finish coat applied to an existingplaster surface or other substrate to improve appearance orother reasons.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Visual inspection of asbestos abatement pr
31、ojects is animportant process in determining whether the work has beenacceptably performed. The owner representative(s) must beinvolved throughout the entire process, the success of whichdepends on the cooperation of all participants.4.1.1 The visual inspection process begins at the earlieststages o
32、f planning and continues through completion of thework.4.1.2 The fundamental criterion for completeness of re-moval and clean-up is the absence of visible residue, dust anddebris, and unremoved material. General refinements of thiscriterion are set forth in this practice, and the visual inspectionpr
33、ocedures and criteria applicable to a specific project must beclearly stated in the contract documents.4.1.3 Protective measures, including critical barriers andenclosures, decontamination chambers, protective clothing,and respirators, must remain in effect until visual inspection iscompleted and fi
34、nal air testing for clearance meets the provi-sions in the specification.4.2 Visual inspection of operations and maintenance(O6.1.1.2 Classroom training as an AHERA-accredited projectmonitor or project designer; and6.1.1.3 Academic degree(s), licensure or registration as anarchitect or engineer, or
35、both.6.1.2 Credentials that indicate knowledge of building con-struction and operations include the following:6.1.2.1 Field experience in building construction, renova-tion, demolition, or maintenance, or combination thereof;6.1.2.2 Classroom training as an AHERA-accredited projectdesigner or superv
36、isor; and6.1.2.3 Formal or on-the-job training in construction tech-nology or management, with particular emphasis on commu-nications with construction supervisors and workers.6.1.3 Credentials that indicate familiarity or expertise inasbestos abatement and operations and maintenance (O6.1.3.2 Field
37、 experience in asbestos abatement project sur-veillance, provided that such experience includes inspectionsas described in this practice and is not limited to air monitor-ing; and6.1.3.3 Academic degree(s) or certification in industrialhygiene, or both, with experience that includes inspections asde
38、scribed in this practice and is not limited to air monitoring.6.1.4 Credentials that indicate familiarity or expertise withsuspected ACM and its substrates include training as anAHERA-accredited project monitor and field experience inperforming asbestos building surveys.6.2 Accreditation as an AHERA
39、 asbestos project monitor isa desirable credential. However, neither this practice nor theEPA Model Accreditation Plan requires accreditation to per-form visual inspections for completion of response actions.6.3 Completion of the ASTM Technical and ProfessionalTraining course Standards for Asbestos
40、Control may be ac-cepted as evidence of appropriate training to perform visualinspections, but does not substitute for asbestos abatementproject field experience.E1368 1146.4 Completion of a project monitor course as described inthe EPA Model Accreditation Plan may be accepted as evi-dence of approp
41、riate training to perform visual inspections, butdoes not substitute for asbestos abatement project field expe-rience.6.5 Performing visual inspections involves physical activityand requires visual acuity. The absence of physical and visionlimitations that might compromise the inspection may beconsi
42、dered a prerequisite for performing the duties of theproject monitor.7. Responsibilities of Abatement Project Participants7.1 During an abatement project the participants include thebuilding owner, the owners representative(s), and the abate-ment contractor. Their responsibilities vary and are detai
43、ledbelow.7.2 Building Owner:7.2.1 The building owner who is responsible for an asbestosabatement project large enough to involve a contract for theservice will often hire an experienced and competent consul-tant, such as an architect, construction engineer, or industrialhygienist, to act as the owne
44、rs representative.7.2.2 The responsibilities of the consultant retained by thebuilding owner shall be mutually agreed upon and shall includethe items in 7.3.7.2.3 If the building owner is directly monitoring the workof the abatement contractor, the building owner is responsiblefor performing the vis
45、ual inspection or ensuring that the visualinspection is performed by others in accordance with thecontract documents. If a consultant is retained to prepare thecontract documents and enforce their implementation, theconsultant is responsible, even though he may have delegatedthe visual inspection fu
46、nctions to others.7.2.4 If anyone other than the building owner has theauthority to stop the contractor from removing asbestos-containing material and require the contractor to correctviolations of the specification or regulations, this must beclearly stated in the contract documents. The building o
47、wnerretains the final responsibility for accepting the performance ofthe work done by the contractor and all others employed on theproject.7.3 Owners Representative(s)The owner may have vari-ous people helping him complete an abatement project, andthis section discusses four of them: the consultant,
48、 projectdesigner, project monitor, and accredited inspector.7.3.1 At the beginning of the project, the project designerwill prepare contract documents, based on a project designsurvey according to Practice E2356 to establish the presenceand condition of asbestos-containing materials and to provideot
49、her information needed for the plans and specifications. Thedocuments should include the procedures for the visual inspec-tions and the degree of cleanliness required as each stage ofwork is completed and at the conclusion of the project.7.3.2 During the project, an experienced individual willperform the visual inspections, identify corrective actionsneeded, and certify when abatement is complete and acceptablevisual cleanliness has been achieved. The building owner, orthe consultant he has retained for assistance in managing anabatement project, may
