1、Designation: E1368 14Standard Practice forVisual Inspection of Asbestos Abatement Projects1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1368; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for performing visualinspections of asbestos response actions to:1.1.1 Establish the extent of the required
3、 work before itbegins;1.1.2 Determine the progress and quality of the work andevaluate the completeness of the response action; and1.1.3 Evaluate the cleanliness of the work area prior to finalair testing for clearance (if performed), and subsequent todismantling of critical barriers.1.2 This practi
4、ce can be used on an abatement project, or foroperations and maintenance (O the project monitor,as defined by this practice. All parties are cautioned that the subjectauthorities and corresponding responsibilities be understood, mutuallyagreed upon, and correspondingly addressed with appropriatemodi
5、fications, if necessary, to the contract documents for a specificproject.1.3 This practice provides the following information:1.3.1 The objectives of the visual inspection process;1.3.2 The responsibilities and qualifications of the individu-als involved in the visual inspections;1.3.3 The schedule
6、of visual inspection activities during anabatement project and O1.3.4 The inspection procedures for the various types ofabatement work and O and1.3.5 The criteria for certifying work as complete on thebasis of the visual inspections.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas stan
7、dard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 WarningAsbestos fibers are acknowledged carcino-gens. Breathing asbestos fibers can result in disease of thelungs including asbestosis, lung cancer,
8、 and mesothelioma.Precautions in this standard practice should be taken to avoidcreating and breathing airborne asbestos particles from mate-rials known or suspected to contain asbestos. See 2.2 forregulatory requirements addressing asbestos.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesa
9、fety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safetystatements, see 12.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
10、Standards:2D7521 Test Method for Determination of Asbestos in SoilD7712 Terminology for Sampling and Analysis of AsbestosE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1494 Practice for Encapsulation Testing of FriableAsbestos-Containing Surfacing MaterialsE2356 Practice for Comprehensive Building Asbes
11、tos Sur-veysE2394 Practice for Maintenance, Renovation, and Repair ofInstalled Asbestos Cement ProductsF141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor Coverings2.2 Other Documents:29 CFR 1910.1001 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA General Industry Standard)31This practice is under the jurisdiction
12、 ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.07 on Sampling and Analysisof Asbestos.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2014. Published February 2014. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1368 11. DOI:10.1520/E1368-14.2For r
13、eferenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of D
14、ocuments,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States129 CFR 1915.1001 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA Shipyard Standard)329 CFR 1926.110
15、1 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA Construction Standard)340 CFR Part 61 National Emission Standards for HazardousAir Pollutants: Subpart MAsbestos340 CFR Part 763 Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schoolsand Model Accreditation Plan (EPA AHERA Regula-tions)3Guidance Manual Asbestos Operations
16、and MaintenanceWork Practices4Managing Asbestos in Place How to Develop and Maintaina Building Asbestos Operations and Maintenance (O or (2) a space, within which asbestosabatement operations are performed, whose limits are definedby rigid or non-rigid barriers for the purpose of controllingaccess a
17、nd limiting fiber escape.3.2.12 fiber release episode, nuncontrolled or uninten-tional disturbance of asbestos-containing materials which re-sults in the generation of dust and debris.3.2.13 friable material, nmaterial easily crumbled orpowdered by moderate (hand) pressure.3.2.14 glovebag, na nomina
18、lly 6-mil minimum thicknesstransparent polyethylene or poly(vinyl chloride) plastic bagwith inward projecting longsleeve gloves, designed to enclosean object from which an asbestos-containing material is to beremoved.3.2.15 high effciency particulate air (HEPA) filter, nthefinal stage filter on a ne
19、gative pressure ventilation device (see3.2.19) or on a vacuum cleaner, capable of trapping andretaining at least 99.97 % of all mono-dispersed particles of 0.3micrometres in diameter.3.2.16 industrial hygienist, na professional trained in thehealth and physical sciences who is qualified to recognize
20、,4Available from National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS), 1090 VermontAvenue, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20005, http:/www.nibs.org.5Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ArielRios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20004, http:/www.epa.gov/asbest
21、os/pubs/management_in_place.html.E1368 142evaluate, and monitor potential occupational and environmen-tal exposures to hazardous materials, and to formulate mea-sures for their control.3.2.17 load-out area, na structure attached to, but notwithin, the abatement area into which containers of removedm
22、aterial are passed and stored for subsequent transfer to a truckfor disposal.3.2.18 mini-enclosure, nan enclosure as defined in 3.2.11(2), consisting of a change room and work room (no shower),that is large enough for one or two workers, is under negativepressure by a HEPA-filtered exhaust device, a
23、nd is used for arelatively short period of time.3.2.19 negative pressure, nslightly reduced pressurewithin the work area, relative to the space outside the workarea, to prevent leakage of contaminated air from the workarea.3.2.20 pre-bid conference, na meeting held at the job siteto discuss and clar
24、ify contract requirements and allow prospec-tive bidders to view the work.3.2.21 project monitor, nthe building owners representa-tive who observes abatement activities performed by contrac-tors to ensure that abatement work is completed according tospecifications and in compliance with all relevant
25、 statutes andregulations.3.2.22 regulated area, nan area established by the em-ployer to demarcate areas where airborne concentrations ofasbestos exceed or can reasonably be expected to exceed thepermissible exposure limit.3.2.23 residue, nvisible material which remains on theabated surface due to i
26、ncomplete removal and cleaning.3.2.24 response action, na method of abatement (such asremoval, encapsulation, or enclosure) or operations and main-tenance (such as repair, clean-up, or preventive measures) ofasbestos-containing material in any form, for any purposewhatsoever.3.2.25 sealer, nmaterial
27、 applied to a pipe or substrate aftercompletion of the final cleaning operation to bond unremovedfiber residue to the pipe or substrate, that is compatible withintended retrofit requirements and operating temperature con-ditions.3.2.26 testing laboratory, na laboratory that determines(1) airborne fi
28、ber concentrations from air sample filters, and (2)the amount and type of asbestos in bulk samples.3.2.27 unremoved material, nany material which wasrequired to be removed by a response action but remainssubstantially undisturbed.3.2.28 visual inspection process, nthe activities before,during, and a
29、t the conclusion of a response action that areassociated with detecting the presence of visible residue, dustand debris, or unremoved material and verifying the absencethereof at the completion of a response action.3.3 Terms Defined in Practice E2356:3.3.1 non-friable organically bound (NOB) materia
30、ls,nmaterials that are not friable and that consist of fibers andother particulate matter embedded in a solid matrix ofasphaltic, vinyl or other organic substances.3.3.2 skim coat, na thin finish coat applied to an existingplaster surface or other substrate to improve appearance orother reasons.3.4
31、Terms Defined in Practice D7712:3.4.1 asbestos, na collective term that describes a groupof naturally occurring, inorganic, highly fibrous, silicate domi-nated minerals, which are easily separated into long, thin,flexible fibers when crushed or processed.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Visual inspection o
32、f asbestos abatement projects is animportant process in determining whether the work has beenacceptably performed. The owner representative(s) must beinvolved throughout the entire process, the success of whichdepends on the cooperation of all participants.4.1.1 The visual inspection process begins
33、at the earlieststages of planning and continues through completion of thework.4.1.2 The fundamental criterion for completeness of re-moval and clean-up is the absence of visible residue, dust anddebris, and unremoved material. General refinements of thiscriterion are set forth in this practice, and
34、the visual inspectionprocedures and criteria applicable to a specific project must beclearly stated in the contract documents.4.1.3 Protective measures, including critical barriers andenclosures, decontamination chambers, protective clothing,and respirators, must remain in effect until visual inspec
35、tion iscompleted and final air testing for clearance meets the provi-sions in the specification.4.2 Visual inspection of operations and maintenance(O6.1.1.2 Classroom training as anAHERA-accredited projectmonitor or project designer; and6.1.1.3 Academic degree(s), licensure or registration as anarch
36、itect or engineer, or both.6.1.2 Credentials that indicate knowledge of building con-struction and operations include the following:6.1.2.1 Field experience in building construction,renovation, demolition, or maintenance, or combinationthereof;6.1.2.2 Classroom training as anAHERA-accredited project
37、designer or supervisor; and6.1.2.3 Formal or on-the-job training in construction tech-nology or management, with particular emphasis on commu-nications with construction supervisors and workers.6.1.3 Credentials that indicate familiarity or expertise inasbestos abatement and operations and maintenan
38、ce (OE1368 1446.1.3.2 Field experience in asbestos abatement projectsurveillance, provided that such experience includes inspec-tions as described in this practice and is not limited to airmonitoring; and6.1.3.3 Academic degree(s) or certification in industrialhygiene, or both, with experience that
39、includes inspections asdescribed in this practice and is not limited to air monitoring.6.1.4 Credentials that indicate familiarity or expertise withsuspected ACM and its substrates include training as anAHERA-accredited project monitor and field experience inperforming asbestos building surveys.6.2
40、Accreditation as an AHERA asbestos inspector is adesirable credential. However, neither this practice nor the EPAModel Accreditation Plan requires accreditation to performvisual inspections for completion of response actions.6.3 Completion of the ASTM Technical and ProfessionalTraining course Standa
41、rds for Asbestos Control may be ac-cepted as evidence of appropriate training to perform visualinspections, but does not substitute for asbestos abatementproject field experience.6.4 Completion of a project monitor course as described inthe EPA Model Accreditation Plan may be accepted as evi-dence o
42、f appropriate training to perform visual inspections, butdoes not substitute for asbestos abatement project field expe-rience.6.5 Performing visual inspections involves physical activityand requires visual acuity. The absence of physical and visionlimitations that might compromise the inspection may
43、 beconsidered a prerequisite for performing the duties of theproject monitor.7. Responsibilities of Abatement Project Participants7.1 During an abatement project the participants include thebuilding owner, the owners representative(s), and the abate-ment contractor. Their responsibilities vary and a
44、re detailedbelow.7.2 Building Owner:7.2.1 The building owner who is responsible for an asbestosabatement project large enough to involve a contract for theservice will often hire an experienced and competentconsultant, such as an architect, construction engineer, orindustrial hygienist, to act as th
45、e owners representative.7.2.2 The responsibilities of the consultant retained by thebuilding owner shall be mutually agreed upon and shall includethe items in 7.3.7.2.3 If the building owner is directly monitoring the workof the abatement contractor, the building owner is responsiblefor performing t
46、he visual inspection or ensuring that the visualinspection is performed by others in accordance with thecontract documents. If a consultant is retained to prepare thecontract documents and enforce their implementation, theconsultant is responsible, even though he may have delegatedthe visual inspect
47、ion functions to others.7.2.4 If anyone other than the building owner has theauthority to stop the contractor from removing asbestos-containing material and require the contractor to correctviolations of the specification or regulations, this must beclearly stated in the contract documents. The buil
48、ding ownerretains the final responsibility for accepting the performance ofthe work done by the contractor and all others employed on theproject.7.3 Owners Representative(s)The owner may have vari-ous people helping him complete an abatement project, andthis section discusses four of them: the consu
49、ltant, projectdesigner, project monitor, and accredited inspector.7.3.1 At the beginning of the project, the project designerwill prepare contract documents, based on a project designsurvey according to Practice E2356 to establish the presenceand condition of asbestos-containing materials and to provideother information needed for the plans and specifications. Thedocuments should include the procedures for the visual inspec-tions and the degree of cleanliness required as each stage ofwork is completed and at the conclusion of the project.7.3.2 During
