1、Designation:E1417/E1417M11 Designation:E1417/E1417M11 1 Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing 1 ThisstandardisissuedunderthexeddesignationE1417/E1417M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1 NOTECorrections were editorially made throughout the standard
3、in March 2012. 1. Scope* 1.1 This practice establishes the minimum requirements for conducting liquid penetrant examination of nonporous metal, and nonmetal components. NOTE 1This practice replaces MIL-STD-6866. 1.2 The penetrant examination processes described in this practice are applicable to in-
4、process, nal, and maintenance (in-service) examinations. These processes are applicable for the detection of discontinuities, such as lack of fusion, corrosion, cracks, laps, cold shuts, and porosity, that are open or connected to the surface of the component under examination. 1.3 Caution must be e
5、xercised in the usage of elevated temperature with components manufactured from thermoplastic materials.Also, some cleaners, penetrants, and developers can have a deleterious effect on nonmetallic materials such as plastics. Prior to examination, tests should be conducted to ensure that none of the
6、cleaning or examination materials are harmful to the components to be examined. 1.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independent
7、ly of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 All areas of this practice may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specic direction from the cognizant engineering organization. 1.6 This s
8、tandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents
9、2.1 The following documents form a part of this practice to the extent specied herein: 2.2 ASTM Standards: 2 D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation D2512 Test Method for Compatibility of Materials with Liquid Oxygen (Impact Sensitivity Threshold and
10、Pass-Fail Techniques) D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry E543 Specication for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing E1135 Te
11、st Method for Comparing the Brightness of Fluorescent Penetrants E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations E2297 Guide for Use of UV-A and Visible Light Sources and Meters used in the Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods 2.3 ASNT Standards: 3 1 This practice is under the jurisdicti
12、on ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods. Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2011. Published September 2011. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1417
13、05 1 . DOI: 10.1520/E1417_E1417M-11 DOI: 10.1520/E1417_E1417M-11E01. 2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM
14、 website. 3 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org. 1 This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been m
15、ade to the previous version. Because it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
16、 *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualication and Certication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel SNT-TC-1A Recommended Pr
17、actice for Personnel Qualication and Certication in Nondestructive Testing 2.4 Military Standards: 4, 5 MIL-STD-792 Identication Marking Requirements for Special Purpose Components QPL-AMS-2644 Qualied Products List, Inspection Material, Penetrant MIL-STD-45662 Calibration System Requirements 2.5 AN
18、SI/ISO/AIA Standards: 6 ANSI/NCSL Z540-1 General Requirement for Calibration Laboratories and Measuring Test Equipment ISO 10012 Measurement Management SystemsRequirements for Measuring Measurement Process and Measuring Equip- ment NAS 410 Certication and Qualication of Nondestructive Test Personnel
19、 2.6 SAE Standard: 7 AMS 2644 Inspection Material, Penetrant AMS 2175A Castings, Classication and Inspection of 2.7 DoD ContractsUnless otherwise specied, the issues of the documents that are DoD adopted are those listed in the issue of the DoDISS (Department of Defense Index of Specications and Sta
20、ndards) cited in the solicitation. 2.8 Order of PrecedenceIn the event of conict between the text of this practice and the references cited herein, the text of this practice takes precedence. 3. Terminology 3.1 Denitions: 3.1.1 The terminology relating to liquid penetrant examination that appears in
21、Terminology E1316 shall apply to the terms used in this practice. 3.2 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard: 3.2.1 aerospaceany component that will be installed on a system that ies. 3.2.2 cognizant engineering organization (CEO)Reference Terminology Standard E1316. 3.2.3 componentthe part(s) o
22、r element(s) of a system described, assembled, or processed to the extent specied by the drawing. 3.2.4 nal examinationthe nal examination performed for the acceptance of the item.Any change to the items surface such as machining, grinding, welding, heat treatment, or etching by subsequent manufactu
23、ring operation, may render the previous examination invalid, requiring reexamination of all affected surfaces, unless otherwise approved in the contract. 3.2.5 in-processthat which occurs during manufacturing before a component is in nal form. 3.2.6 in-servicerefers to components that are in use or
24、storage for their intended function. 3.2.7 linear indicationpenetrant indications with at least a three to one length to width ratio. 3.2.8 reprocessrepeat, after cleaning, the application and appropriate processing of penetrant, emulsier (as required), and developer (as required). 3.2.9 rounded ind
25、icationpenetrant indication whose length to width ratio is less than three-to-one. 3.2.10 supplierthe organization contracted to supply the material, parts, or assembly. 3.2.11 turbine engine critical componentsany component on turbine engine designated by the manufacturer as “critical.” 4. Signican
26、ce and Use 4.1 This practice establishes the basic parameters for controlling the application of the liquid penetrant method. This practice is written so it can be specied on the engineering drawing, specication, or contract. It is not a detailed how-to procedure to be used by the inspector and, the
27、refore, must be supplemented by a detailed procedure that conforms to the requirements of this practice. Specication E165 contains information to help develop detailed requirements. 5. Classication 5.1 Penetrantexaminationprocessesandmaterialsareclassiedinaccordancewiththematerialclassicationcontain
28、edinAMS 2644. Penetrant systems covered by this practice shall be of the following types, methods, and sensitivity levels: 5.1.1 Type: 5.1.1.1 Type IFluorescent dye. 4 Copies of specications, standards, drawings, and publications required by manufacturers in connection with specic acquisition functi
29、ons should be obtained from the contracting activity or as directed by the contracting officer. 5 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil. 6 Available from American National Standards In
30、stitute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org. 7 Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org. E1417/E1417M11 1 25.1.1.2 Type IIVisible dye. 5.1.2 Method: 5.1.2.1 Method AWater washable. 5.1.2.2 Method
31、BPost-emulsiable, lipophilic. 5.1.2.3 Method CSolvent-removable. 5.1.2.4 Method DPost-emulsiable, hydrophilic. 5.1.3 Sensitivity(These levels apply toType I penetrant systems only.Type II penetrant systems have only a single sensitivity and it is not represented by any of the levels listed as follow
32、s): 5.1.3.1 Sensitivity Level 1 2 Very low. 5.1.3.2 Sensitivity Level 1Low. 5.1.3.3 Sensitivity Level 2Medium. 5.1.3.4 Sensitivity Level 3High. 5.1.3.5 Sensitivity Level 4Ultrahigh. 5.2 Developers shall be of the following forms: 5.2.1 Form aDry powder. 5.2.2 Form bWater-soluble. 5.2.3 Form cWater-s
33、uspendable. 5.2.4 Form dNonaqueous for Type I uorescent penetrant. 5.2.5 Form eNonaqueous for Type II visible dye. 5.2.6 Form fSpecic application. 5.3 Solvent removers shall be of the following classes: 5.3.1 Class 1Halogenated. 5.3.2 Class 2Nonhalogenated. 5.3.3 Class 3Specic application. 6. Genera
34、l Practices 6.1 Responsibility for ExaminationUnless otherwise specied in the contract or purchase order, the cognizant engineering organization is responsible for the performance of all examination requirements as specied herein. The cognizant engineering organization may specify more stringent req
35、uirements than the minimum specied in this practice when necessary to ensure that a component meets its functional and reliability requirements. Except as otherwise specied, the supplier may utilize his own facilities or any other facilities suitable for the performance of the examination requiremen
36、ts specied herein. The purchaser reserves the right to perform any of the examinations set forth in this practice where such examinations are deemed necessary to ensure that supplies and services conform to prescribed requirements. 6.2 SpecifyingWhen examination is required in accordance with this p
37、ractice the orders, contracts, or other appropriate documents shall specify the criteria by which the acceptability of components is to be evaluated. Engineering drawings or other applicable documents shall indicate the acceptance criteria for the entire component; zoning may be used. Examination on
38、 a sampling basis shall not be allowed unless specically permitted by the contract. 6.3 Personnel QualicationPersonnel performing examinations to this practice shall be qualied and certied in accordance with ASNT Personnel Qualication SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 or NAS 410 for military purposes, or
39、as specied in the contract or purchase order. 6.4 Agency QualicationThe agency performing this practice may be evaluated in accordance with Specication E543. 6.5 Materials: 6.5.1 Qualied MaterialsOnly materials listed or approved for listing on QPL-AMS-2644 (reference AMS 2644) shall be utilized for
40、 penetrant examination. Materials not conforming to the requirements of AMS 2644 may be used only when a waiver is obtained from the cognizant engineering organization. 6.5.2 Liquid Oxygen (LOX) Compatible MaterialsPenetrant materials tested in accordance with Test Method D2512 and passing at 70 ftl
41、bf 95 J or higher, shall be used on LOX wetted surfaces that cannot be thoroughly post-cleaned. Use of these materials shall be in accordance with the material supplier instructions and shall require approval of the cognizant engineering organization when such materials do not meet the requirements
42、of AMS 2644. 6.6 Equipment and FacilitiesProcessing equipment used in the penetrant examination process shall be constructed and arranged to permit a uniform and controlled operation. The equipment shall meet all applicable national and local safety requirements as well as the requirements specied h
43、erein. 6.6.1 Viewing AreasAreas where parts are reviewed shall be kept clean at all times. For visible dye examination, Type II, the lighting system shall provide at least 100 fc (1076 lx)1076 lx of visible light when measured at the examination surface. For stationary uorescent dye examination, Typ
44、e I, the ambient visible light background shall not exceed 2 fc (21.5 lx)21.5 lx at the examinationsurface.Theblacklightsshallprovideaminimumof1000W/cm 2 attheexaminationsurface.Blacklightsshallmeet the requirements of 7.8.4.1.Viewing areas for portable uorescent dye examination shall utilize dark c
45、anvas, photographers black cloth, or other methods to reduce the visible light background to the lowest possible level during examination and black light intensity shall meet the above requirements. E1417/E1417M11 1 36.6.1.1 Where lamps are physically too large to directly illuminate the examination
46、 surface, special lighting, such as UV pencil lights, or UVlight guides, or remote visual examination equipment shall be used.When using a borescope, the image viewed must have sufficient resolution to effectively evaluate the indication. Light intensity shall be measured at the expected working dis
47、tance and shall be a minimum 1000 W/cm 2 . 6.6.2 Drying OvenWhen components are oven dried, the dryer must be a forced-air recirculating type. In automated systems, where parts are dried by radiant heat and forced air, the travel speed of the system shall be such as to preclude overdrying of parts.
48、The forced air does not have to be recirculating but must preclude contamination of the parts. The temperature shall be controlled with a calibrated device capable of maintaining the oven temperature at 615F (9.44C)8.3C of the temperature for which it is set. The oven shall not exceed 160F (71C).71C
49、. The temperature indicator shall be accurate to 610F (12.22C)5.6C of the actual oven temperature. 6.7 Written ProceduresAll liquid penetrant examination procedures are similar for many components, a master written procedure may be utilized that covers the details common to a variety of components.All written procedures, including technique sheets for specic parts shall be approved by an individual who is a qualied and certied Level III
