1、Designation: E1481 00a (Reapproved 2014)1Standard Terminology ofRailing Systems and Rails for Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1481; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits statement was inserted in Section 1.5 and units information was corrected editorially in June 2014.1. Scope1.1 This terminology
3、 consists of terms and definitionspertaining to railing systems and rails for buildings, and inparticular, terms related to the standards generated by ASTMCommittee E06 on Performance of Building Constructions.1.2 The purpose of this terminology is to provide meaningsand explanations of technical te
4、rms, written for both thetechnical expert and the non-expert user.1.3 This terminology is one of a group of special terminolo-gies subsidiary to the comprehensive Terminology E631.1.4 Terms are listed in alphabetical sequence. Compoundterms appear in the natural spoken order. Where definitionsherein
5、 are adopted from other sources, they are exact copies.The source is identified at the right margin following thedefinition and is listed in Section 2.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that
6、 are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE935 Test Methods for Performance of Permanent MetalRailing Systems and Rails for BuildingsE985 Specification for Permanent Metal Railing Systemsand
7、Rails for Buildings2.2 ANSI/ASSE Standard:3A1264.1 Safety Requirements for Workplace Floor and WallOpenings, Stairs, and Railing Systems3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:baluster, baluster bar, none of a series of closely spaced,upright, and parallel infill members of a balustrade, locatedbetween top ra
8、il or handrail and bottom rail or tread or floorbeneath balustrade. (Synonym for picket.)baluster castingan ornamental cast element attached to abaluster.Also, cast element designed to attach baluster to topand bottom rails.baluster railing systema system consisting of posts,balusters, top rail, and
9、 bottom rail.balustrade, na railing system consisting of a row of balus-ters capped by a rail or handrail.bottom railthe lowest member of a railing system, support-ing balusters or panels, if any.building, na structure comprising a partially or totallyenclosed space, erected by means of a planned pr
10、ocess offorming and combining materials. E631cap, na fitting or plug used to close the end of a pipe, tubularpost, newel, or rail.cap raila secondary railing element, often a handrail,fastened to the top rail of a railing system. (Synonym for railcap.)collar, nSynonym for escutcheon. E631cover flang
11、eSynonym for escutcheon. E631cover plateSynonym for escutcheon.cover ringSynonym for escutcheon.drop capthe cover of a railing post or newel that is exposedto view, usually below the stair stringer or floor. E631easement, nthe curved portion of a rail and handrail forminga transition in the vertical
12、 plane between the horizontal andinclined sections of a handrail.escutcheon, na protective or ornamental cover located at thetermination of a post, baluster, or rail against a tread, floor,or wall. (Synonym for collar, cover flange, cover plate,orcover ring.)1This terminology is under the jurisdicti
13、on of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.56on Performance of Railing Systems and Glass for Floors and Stairs.Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2008
14、 as E1481 00a (2008).DOI: 10.1520/E1481-00AR14E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available
15、from American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE), 1800 E. OaktonSt., Des Plaines, IL 60018, http:/www.asse.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1expanded metalSee screen.finial, nan ornamental piece on the top of a post,
16、 newel, orrailing; frequently in the form of an urn or pineapple, and sonamed. E631flange, na flat plate or formed piece at the end of a railing orrail element for attachment to the adjoining construction orsupporting member.grab barSynonym for grab rail. E631grab raila short length of rail located
17、for safety or conve-nience to assist a person in movement at a specific location.(Synonym for grab bar.) E631guardrail systema railing system, providing protection forbuilding users against accidental fall and injury, located at ornear the outer edge of a stair, ramp, landing, platform, deck,balcony
18、, hatchway, manhole, floor opening, porch, or acces-sible roof; at the perimeter of an opening or accessiblesurface, such as the opening of a stair; or at a location atwhich an operating condition requires access limitation to adesignated area. (Compare railing system.)handgrip, nthe part of a handr
19、ail designed to provide asecure grasp. E631handrail, na horizontal, sloping, or vertical member nor-mally grasped by hand for guidance or support.DISCUSSIONThis member may be part of a railing system and isoften, but not necessarily, a top member (top rail), or may be mountedon a wall or other build
20、ing element. When part of a stair-rail system, itis a member paralleling pitch of stair flight and is often, but notnecessarily, a top member. (Compare wall handrail.)handrail bracketa device attached to a wall, post, or othersurface to support the handrail. E631handrail heightthe vertical distance
21、from the top surface ofthe top rail to the surface of the finished floor, top of a ramp,or the nosing line of stair treads. E631infill, na series of balusters of a baluster railing system andthe structural as well as the decorative elements, includingthe panels, mesh, or similar elements, of a panel
22、 railingsystem; located between top and bottom rails and posts; toserve the twofold purpose of (a) protecting bodies frompenetrating and falling through the baluster and panel infillareas and (b) providing a specified resistance to horizontalthrusts as are potentially encountered within the infill a
23、rea.DISCUSSIONInfills should be designed in such a way as to deterclimbing of the railing system.infill areathe field of baluster and panel railing systems,bordered by top and bottom rails and posts. E935intermediate railone of two or more rails between the toprail and floor.kick plateSynonym for to
24、e board. E631lambs tonguean ornamental curved or tapered fitting ter-minating a handrail, usually tapered to the tip.lateral scrolla fitting that curves in a horizontal plane, usedto terminate a handrail; often ending as a round platecovering the top of a post. E631mid rail, na rail located between
25、top rail and bottom rail orbetween top rail and floor if there is no bottom rail.miter endingan angular or dovetailed member end, de-signed to fit an adjacent matching member, thereby provid-ing continuity of profile at the connection.newel, na decorative or structural post member at the start orend
26、 of a stair run, often extending above a handrail; usuallysquare or rectangular in cross section, supporting the end ofa stair railing or serving as the common support for two stairrailings, often supporting a stair stringer and platform; also,the center post of a spiral stair.ogee, na molding with
27、a profile having a double curveformed by a convex line turning into a concave line,resulting in an S-shape. E631panel, na flat infill element between a top rail, bottom rail,and posts. E631picket, nSynonym for baluster, baluster bar.pineapple, na finial in the form of a pineapple. E631pipe, nhollow
28、round section of metal or other material, thesize of which is usually designated by nominal size, ininches (millimetres), as influenced by inside diameter andwall thickness.pipe railing systema railing system fabricated of pipe orround tubing.post, na vertical supporting member. E631queue-rail syste
29、mSynonym for traffic-rail system.rail, na horizontal, inclined, or vertical member of a railingsystem, such as top, intermediate, or bottom member con-necting balusters or posts, or both, at specified intervals.(Compare handrail.) E631, E985, A1264.1rail capSynonym for cap rail. E631railing, nUse ra
30、iling system. E631railing returna bent at the end of a handrail, turning towardthe wall or post to which the handrail is attached.railing systema framework of horizontal, inclined, vertical,and infill members, including panels and grillwork, forprotection of building occupants against fall or injury
31、 and foroffering safety and convenience in their movement. (Com-pare guardrail.)railing-system penetration limitationan arrangement ofrailing elements designed to prevent passage of a sphere ofspecified diameter through a railing system. E631ramp-rail systema railing system located along the opensid
32、es of a ramp. E985screen, na perforated sheet consisting of wire mesh, wovenor welded wire fabric, or standard or flattened expandedmetal; serving as an infill panel and being an integral part ofa panel railing or guardrail system.E1481 00a (2014)12scroll, na cast or forged ornamental spiral of conv
33、olutedshape, serving, for example, as a decorative panel or insert.side mounta railing-system support that anchors the post orbaluster of a railing system to a vertical or inclined surface,such as a fascia or stair stringer.spindle, na tapered baluster of circular cross-section(s),having a center di
34、ameter larger or smaller than the diameterat its ends.stair-rail systema railing system located along the opensides of a stair or landing. (Compare guardrail, railing, orstair-rail system.) E985, A1264.1toe boarda vertical plate at the bottom of a railing systemlocated at the open edge of a stairwel
35、l, platform, ramp, orfloor; forming a low curb to provide a barrier preventingobjects from falling beyond it. (Synonym for kick plate ortoe plate.)DISCUSSIONToe boards are normally not used for stair-rail systems.toe plateSynonym for toe board. E631top railthe uppermost member of a railing system. E
36、631traffic-rail systema railing system designed to control themovement of people and requiring special consideration forgiven use conditions. (Synonym for queue-rail system.)E631, E985transfer-rail systema railing system designed to supportand to permit the transfer of body weight in such locations
37、astoilets, showers, and tub enclosures. E631DISCUSSIONThe clearance between the rail and the face of themounting surface shall be 1.5 in. (40 mm). E985tube/tubinghollow section of metal or other material havinga round, square, rectangular, or other cross-sectional form,its size being designated by o
38、utside dimension(s) and wallthickness, in inches (millimetres).urn, nan ornamental vase used as a finial.volute, nan ornamental spiral or scroll-shaped form serving,for example, as the handrail termination. E631wall bracketa bracket used for anchoring the central portionof a handrail to a wall.wall
39、clipa bracket used for anchoring the end of a handrailto a wall. (Synonym for wall flange.)wall flangeSynonym for wall clip.wall handraila handrail attached to a wall or other buildingelement adjacent to a stair and along landings, walkways,ramps, and corridors. (Synonym for wall rail.)DISCUSSIONWal
40、l handrails shall parallel the pitch of a stair and theslope of other inclined floor surfaces.wall railSynonym for wall handrail. E631wall railing returna bend at the end of a wall handrail,turning toward the wall to which the handrail is attached.wire fabricSee screen.wire meshSee screen.APPENDIX(N
41、onmandatory Information)X1. COMMONWEALTH AND EQUIVALENT COMMONWEALTH TERMS, AS USED IN SOME OF THEENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATESX1.1 wreath, nthe compound curved section of a hand-rail that provides handrail continuity and the transition of twoadjoining and diverging stair-flig
42、ht handrails. (Compare ease-ment.)X1.2 Terms used in the United States and their equivalentCommonwealth terms are given in Table X1.1.TABLE X1.1 United States and EquivalentCommonwealth TermsU.S. Terms Equivalent Commonwealth Termsbarbed jaggedbuckled crippledclinched clenchedconnection jointdent di
43、mplefastening fixingfinished nail head lost nail headguardrail system guardinglimit-state design capacity designputtied over stoppedE1481 00a (2014)13This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eithe
44、r reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend.
45、If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Indiv
46、idual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).E1481 00a (2014)14
