ASTM E1547-2009(2017) Standard Terminology Relating to Industrial and Specialty Chemicals《与工业和特种化学品有关的标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation: E1547 09 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Terminology Relating toIndustrial and Specialty Chemicals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1547; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard covers terminology relating to industrialand specialty chemicals. It is intended to provide an under-standing
3、of terms commonly used in test methods, practices,and specifications throughout the industry.NOTE 1The boldface numbers following each definition refer to E15standards in which the definition appears. Lightface numbers refer to theE15 subcommittee having jurisdiction.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
4、Standards:2D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity,Apparent, of LiquidIndustrial ChemicalsE12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravityof Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)3E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass ElectrodeE180 Practice for Determining the Precisi
5、on of ASTMMethods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)3E200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storageof Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical AnalysisE201 Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight ofIndustrial Chemical Liquids (Wi
6、thdrawn 2001)3E222 Test Methods for Hydroxyl Groups Using AceticAnhydride AcetylationE223 Test Methods for Analysis of Sulfuric AcidE224 Test Methods for Analysis of Hydrochloric AcidE234 Test Method for Total Bromine Number of Unsatu-rated Aliphatic Chemicals (Withdrawn 2008)3E300 Practice for Samp
7、ling Industrial ChemicalsE324 Test Method for Relative Initial and Final MeltingPoints and the Melting Range of Organic ChemicalsE326 Test Method for Hydroxyl Groups by Phthalic Anhy-dride Esterification (Withdrawn 2001)3E335 Test Method for Hydroxyl Groups by PyromelliticDianhydride Esterification
8、(Withdrawn 2002)3E347 Test Method for Ash in Polybasic Acids (Withdrawn2003)3E410 Test Method for Moisture and Residue in LiquidChlorineE1899 Test Method for Hydroxyl Groups Using Reactionwith p-Toluenesulfonyl Isocyanate (TSI) and Potentiomet-ric Titration with Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide3. Termin
9、ology3.1 Definitions:accuracythe agreement between an experimentally deter-mined value and the accepted reference value. In chemicalwork, this term is frequently used to express freedom frombias, but in other fields it assumes a broader meaning as ajoint index of precision and bias. To avoid confusi
10、on, theterm bias will be used in appraising of the systematic errorof test methods for industrial chemicals. See also bias. E180,E15.04ashthe residual inorganic matter obtained on ignition of asample in air at a specified temperature. E347, E15.51Baum gravitya unit of density based on specific gravi
11、tyand defined by the following equation:Baume gravity 5 145 2 145/sp gr# at 15.5/15.5C 60/60F! (1)See also density and specific gravity. E223, E224, E324,E15.51biasa constant or systematic error as opposed to a randomerror. It manifests itself as a persistent positive or negativedeviation of the met
12、hod average from the accepted referencevalue. See also accuracy. E180, E15.04bromine number, totalnumber of centigrams of bromineequivalent to the total unsaturation present in1gofsample.It is a measure of the total ethylenic unsaturation present inthe designated aliphatic compound. E234, E15.22coef
13、ficient of variationa measure of relative precisioncalculated as the standard deviation of a series of values1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 onAromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D16.15 on Industrial and Specia
14、lty General Standards.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017. Published February 2017. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1547 09. DOI:10.1520/E1547-09R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servi
15、ceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
16、 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization T
17、echnical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1divided by their average. It is often multiplied by 100 andexpressed as a percentage. E180, E15.04densitythe mass of a unit volume of a material at a specifiedtemperature. The units shall be stated, such as grams permillilitre, grams per cubic centimetre,
18、pounds per cubic foot,or other. The form of the expression shall be the following:Density at x .where x = temperature of the material, in , forexample, C. See also Baumgravity and specific gravity. E201, E15.23density (of gases)the mass of a unit volume of a gas at astated temperature and pressure.
19、The units shall be stated.The form of expression shall be the following:Density at x, ywhere:x = temperature of the gas units, for example, C, andy = pressure of the gas (units, for example, kPa). E12,E15.23density, apparentthe weight in air of a unit volume of amaterial at a specified temperature.
20、The units shall be stated.The form of expression shall be the following:Apparent density at xwhere x = temperature of the material, in , forexample, C. E201, E15.23duplicatestwo independent determinations performed byone analyst in a short period of time, for example, one day.E180, E15.04errorin a s
21、tatistical sense, any deviation of an observedvalue from the true, but generally unknown, value. Whenexpressed as a fraction or percentage of the value measured,it is called a relative error.All statements of precision or biasshould indicate clearly whether they are expressed in abso-lute or relativ
22、e sense. E180, E15.04error, randomthe chance variation encountered in all ex-perimental work despite the closest possible control ofvariables. It is characterized by the random occurrence ofboth positive and negative deviations from the mean valuefor the method, the algebraic average of which will a
23、pproachzero in a long series of measurements. E180, E15.04hydroxyl numberthe milligrams of potassium hydroxideequivalent to the hydroxyl content of1gofsample. In thecase of a pure compound, the hydroxyl number is inverselyproportional to the hydroxyl equivalent weight:equivalent weight g/equivalent!
24、 5 56100/hydroxyl number (2)E222, E326, E335, E1899, E15.22increments (solid sample)portions of material selectedfrom various parts of a lot, which may be tested individuallyor composited and tested as a unit. E300, E15.05lot (solid sample)a discrete quantity of material. It maycontain a single batc
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