1、Designation: E 1592 05Standard Test Method forStructural Performance of Sheet Metal Roof and SidingSystems by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1592; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONComputations are the accepted method for determining the structural capacity of
3、 most metalproducts. However, some conditions are outside the scope of analysis by industry specifications.Methods of computation and a discussion of these conditions are found in the following documents:AISI Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members and Load and Resistanc
4、eFactor Specification for Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members and Aluminum Association Specifi-cations for Aluminum Structures.This test method is not to be considered as a wind design standard. It is a structural capacity testto determine the ability of a panel system (including attachments) to re
5、sist uniform static pressure.Actual wind pressure is nonuniform and dynamic. These uniform static test results should be used inconjunction with commonly recognized wind design standards, and will yield highly conservativeresults.When additional fasteners are installed across panel flats at eaves, r
6、idges, or reinforced end laps, thecrosswise distortion is eliminated and both flexural capacity and anchor-to-panel attachment strengthcan vary with the distance from such conditions. This test procedure can be used to evaluate thestrength of panels and attachments at any distance from end or edge p
7、erimeter conditions. The size ofthe specimen and limitations on air seals are designed to minimize any interference with the naturalresponse of the panels under load.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the structuralperformance of sheet metal panels and anchor-to-panel attach-ments
8、 for roof or siding systems under uniform static airpressure differences using a test chamber or support surface.1.2 The provisions of this test method are applicable tostanding seam, trapezoidal, ribbed, or corrugated metal panelsin the range of thickness from 0.012 to 0.050-in. (0.3 to1.3-mm) and
9、apply to the evaluation of uniform pressureapplied to single-skin construction or one sheet metal layer ofmultiple-skin construction. They do not cover requirements forthe construction of a specimen to determine the load sharingthat can occur with either composite or multiple-layer con-struction suc
10、h as: (1) metal cladding over wood sheathing; or(2) field assemblies of insulation sandwiched between corru-gated or formed metal panels.1.3 Proper use of this test method requires knowledge of theprinciples of pressure and deflection measurement.1.4 This test method describes optional apparatus and
11、 pro-cedures for use in evaluating the structural performance of agiven system for a range of support spacings or for confirmingthe structural performance of a specific installation.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound unit
12、s areapproximate.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotesexclusive of those for tables and figures. These notes andfootnotes provide explanatory material and shall not be con-sidered as requirements of the standard.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06
13、 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.57on Performance of Metal Roofing Systems.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E 1592 01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Ba
14、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and deter
15、mine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsB 557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and CastAluminum- an
16、d Magnesium-Alloy Products2.2 Aluminum Association Standard:3Aluminum Formed-Sheet Building Sheathing DesignGuide, Appendix B of Specifications for Aluminum Struc-tures, Latest Edition2.3 AISI Standards:4Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Struc-tural Members, Latest Edition2.4 Other D
17、ocuments:ASCE7 (Formerly ANSI A58.1) Minimum Design Loadsfor Buildings and Other Structures53. Terminology3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 anchor, na fastener, bolt, screw, or formed devicesuch as a clip that connects panels to the support structure.3.1.2 anchor failure, nan
18、y failure at the anchor device,including separation of the device from the panel, of the deviceitself, or of the connection to the structural support.3.1.3 crosswise restraint, nany attachment in the flat of apanel between structural elements that controls or limits pandistortion under pressure.3.1.
19、4 failure, nfracture or disengagement of any of thecomponents where the system is no longer capable of sustain-ing load, or the system no longer functions as a weathertightmembrane.3.1.5 interior support, nany support other than those ateither extreme in a series of supports for a continuous panel.3
20、.1.6 pan distortion, ndisplacement under load of nor-mally flat portions of a panel profile normal to the plane of theroof or wall surface.3.1.7 panel deflection, ndisplacement under load mea-sured normal to the plane of the roof or wall surface of alongitudinal structural element as measured from a
21、 straight linebetween structural supports.3.1.8 permanent deformation, nthe permanent displace-ment in any direction from an original position that remainsafter an applied load has been removed.63.1.9 reference zero load, nnominal pressure applied to aspecimen to provide a reference position free of
22、 variationsfrom internal stresses or friction within the system assembly.3.1.10 rib spread, npanel distortion under load at the baseof a rib or standing seam as measured crosswise to the rib in theplane of the roof or wall surface.3.1.11 span length, nthe center-to-center distance be-tween anchors o
23、r supports measured parallel to the longitudinalaxis of the panel.3.1.12 specimen, nthe entire assembled unit submitted fortesting, as described in Section 8.3.1.13 specimen length, nthe distance from center tocenter of the end supports; the sum of individual span lengths.3.1.14 structural element,
24、nthe width of a panel profile asmeasured between center lines of repeating longitudinal stiff-eners for continuously supported panels in a positive load testor the width between anchor attachments to repeating stiffenerelements in a negative load test.3.1.15 test load, nthe difference in static air
25、pressure(positive or negative) between the inside and outside face ofthe specimen, expressed in pounds-force per square foot(lbf/ft2) or pascals (Pa).3.1.16 test panel length, nspecimen length plus over-hangs.3.1.17 ultimate load, nthe difference in static air pressure(positive or negative) at which
26、 failure of the specimen occurs,expressed in pounds-force per square foot (lbf/ft2) or pascals(Pa).3.1.18 unlatching failure, ndisengagement of a panelseam or anchor that occurs in an unloaded assembly due topermanent set or distortion that occurred under a previous loadcondition.73.1.19 yield load,
27、 nthat pressure at which deflectionincreases are no longer proportional to the increase in pressure.Yielding is not failure.83.1.20 zero load, nthe absence of air pressure differenceacross the specimen.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of the following: (1) sealingthe test speci
28、men into or against one face of a test chamber; (2)supplying air to, or exhausting air from, the chamber at the raterequired to maintain the test pressure difference across the2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. Fo
29、r Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Aluminum Association, 900 19th Street, NW, Washington, DC20006.4Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 ConnecticutAve., Suite 705, Washington, DC
30、20036.5Available from The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191.6Industry design procedures propose different factors of safety on yield andultimate strength. Not all permanent distortion is harmful to the structural perfor-mance of the system. Only per
31、manent distortion that interferes with the performanceof the system is significant.7This permanent set is not always detectable from readings taken normal to thepanel.8It is often impractical to take direct measurements on individual elements in anassembly of components. Readings made on a panel sur
32、face opposite an anchor clipinclude deflection of non-axial loads in the anchor base and panel profile as well asany slippage that occurs in the panel connection or between segments of amultiple-piece clip. They may decrease with increasing pressure and produce abi-lineal curve. Subsequent small-sca
33、le tests may be required to determine whethernonlinear deflection readings represent tolerable distortions that do not interferewith long-term anchor performance.E 1592 052specimen; and (3) observing, measuring, and recording thedeflection, deformations, and nature of any failures of principalor cri
34、tical elements of the panel profile or members of theanchor system.4.2 The increments of load application shall be chosen suchthat a sufficient number of readings will be obtained todetermine the load deformation curve of the system.4.3 End and edge restraint shall be representative of fieldconditio
35、ns, and the unit shall contain sufficient individualcomponents to minimize the effect of variations in material andworkmanship.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a standard procedure toevaluate or confirm structural performance under uniformstatic air pressure difference. This proc
36、edure is intended torepresent the effects of uniform loads on exterior buildingsurface elements.5.2 It is also permissible to develop data for load-span tablesby interpolating between the test results at different spans.NOTE 1When applying the results of tests to determine allowabledesign loads by a
37、pplication of a factor of safety, bear in mind that theperformance of a wall or roof and its components, or both, can be afunction of fabrication, installation, and adjustment. The specimen mustrepresent the actual structure closely. In service, the performance can alsodepend on the rigidity of supp
38、orting construction and on the resistance ofcomponents to deterioration by various causes, to vibration, to thermalexpansion and contraction, and so forth.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of apparatus is general in nature; anyequipment capable of performing the test procedure within theallowable tole
39、rances is permitted. Major components areshown in Fig. 1.6.2 Test ChamberA test chamber, air bag, or box with anopening, a removable mounting panel, or one open surface inwhich or against which the specimen is installed. Provide atleast two static pressure taps located at diagonally oppositecorners
40、to measure the chamber pressure such that the readingis unaffected by the velocity of the air supply to or from thechamber or any other air movement. The air supply openinginto the chamber shall be arranged so that the air does notimpinge directly on the test specimen with any significantvelocity. A
41、 means of access into the chamber to facilitateadjustments and observations after the specimen has beeninstalled is optional.NOTE 2The test chamber or the specimen mounting frame, or both,must not deflect under the test load in such a manner that the performanceof the specimen will be affected. In g
42、eneral, select anchor supportmembers sufficiently rigid that deflection under the test load will benegligible. It is desirable to be able to observe the fit of the plastic filmagainst the specimen as well as the metal surface. When the specimen istested with plastic film on either side, it is recomm
43、ended that windows,lighting, or other methods be used to allow observation of the oppositeside.6.3 Air SystemA compressed air supply, an exhaust sys-tem, or controllable blower is to be provided to develop therequired air pressure difference across the specimen. Thesystem shall maintain an essential
44、ly constant air pressuredifference for the required test period.NOTE 3It is convenient to use a reversible blower or separate pressureand exhaust systems to provide the required air pressure difference so thatdifferent test specimens can be tested for the effect of positive pressure orthe effect of
45、suction (negative pressure) without reversing the position ofthe test specimen. The use of the same specimen for both positive andnegative testing is outside the scope of this test method. If an adequate airsupply is available, a completely airtight seal need not be provided aroundthe perimeter of t
46、he test specimen and the mounting panel, although it ispreferable. However, substantial air leakage will require an air supply ofmuch greater capacity to maintain the required pressure differences.6.4 Pressure-Measuring ApparatusThe devices to mea-sure the test pressure difference shall operate with
47、in a toleranceof 62 % of the design pressure, or within 0.1 in. (2.5 mm) ofwater pressure (0.52 psf or 25 Pa) and be located as describedin 6.1.6.5 Deflection and Distortion Measurement Precision:6.5.1 The means of measuring deflections of structural ribsbetween the reaction supports and movement of
48、 the ribs at thesupports shall provide readings within a tolerance of 60.01 in.(0.25 mm).6.5.2 The means of measuring pan distortion shall providereadings within a tolerance of 6116 in. (1.5 mm).6.5.3 The means of measuring rib spread, when required,shall provide readings within a tolerance of 6116
49、in. (1.5 mm).6.6 Reading Locations:FIG. 1 Schematic of Test ApparatusE 1592 0536.6.1 Support deflection gages or measuring devices so thatreadings are not influenced by movements of, or within, thespecimen or member supports.6.6.2 Measure the maximum mid-span and span end (atanchor support) deflections of at least one structural rib notinfluenced by the attachment or seal to the test chamber.Additional locations for deflection measurements, if desired,shall be stated by the specifier of the test.6.6.3 Measure pan distortion in the middle of at least onep
