1、Designation: E1727 16Standard Practice forField Collection of Soil Samples for Subsequent LeadDetermination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1727; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the collection of bare soil samplesfrom areas around buildings and related structures using coringand
3、 scooping methods.1.2 This practice is not suitable for collection of soilsamples from areas that are paved or otherwise covered withgrass, mulch, or the like.1.3 This practice does not address the sampling designcriteria (that is, sampling plan that includes the number andlocation of samples) that
4、are used for risk assessment and otherlead hazard activities.1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and arenot part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinfo
5、rmation only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.
6、 Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD7659 Guide for Strategies for Surface Sampling of Metalsand Metalloids for Worker ProtectionE1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in BuildingsE1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-tively Coupled P
7、lasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec-trometry (GFAAS) TechniquesE2239 Practice for Record Keeping and Record Preservationfor Lead Hazard Activities3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms not
8、appearing here,see Terminology E1605.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 soil collection containera sealable rigid-walled con-tainer or a resealable plastic bag for holding and transportingthe soil sample from the field to the laboratory.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe volume must be suff
9、icient to holdthe entire collected subsample or sample.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Soil samples are collected using coring or scoopingmethods.5. Significance and Use5.1 Although this practice is intended for the collection ofsoil samples from bare areas in and around buildings, thispractice may also b
10、e used to collect soil samples from otherareas and environments.5.2 This practice limits soil collection to approximately thetop 1.5 cm (0.6 in.) of soil surface.5.3 These samples are collected in a manner that will permitsubsequent digestion and determination of lead using labora-tory analysis tech
11、niques such as Test Method E1613.6. Materials and Equipment6.1 Soil Coring Tool, minimum diameter of 2.5 cm (1 in.),or as agreed upon by the parties requesting and collecting thesamples, lead-free, for use in coring.6.1.1 The coring tool shall be capable of being forced intohard ground without damag
12、e to a depth of at least 5 cm (2 in.)and have a mechanism to remove the soil sample from the toolto permit discarding all but the top 1.5 cm (0.6 in.) of the soilcore (see Note 1).NOTE 1A number of devices can be used or modified for use as soilcoring tools. For example: professional stainless steel
13、 coring tools1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.23 on LeadHazards Associated with Buildings.Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last pre
14、vious edition approved in 2005 as E1727 05 which waswithdrawn January 2014 and reinstated in March 2016. DOI: 10.1520/E1727-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information
15、, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1equipped with plastic liners, steel pipe, plastic pipe, or small sapling (tree)planters. Removal of the soil core is gen
16、erally performed using a pair ofplungers cut to fit the inside diameter of the coring device. One plunger isequipped with a stop that limits extension of the plunger to within 1.5 cm(0.6 in.) from the far end of the coring tool. It is used to remove all exceptthe top 1.5 cm (0.6 in.) of the soil cor
17、e from the coring tool. The otherplunger (without a stop) is used to remove the remaining 1.5 cm (0.6 in.)of the soil core from the coring tool. The coring procedure in this practiceassumes the coring tool has been equipped with these two types ofplungers.6.2 Containers, Sealable, Rigid Walled, for
18、use in scoopingor in serving as soil collection containers, 50 mL.6.2.1 Screw-top plastic centrifuge tubes are an example of asuitable resealable rigid-walled container.6.3 Spoon, lead-free, for use in scooping.6.4 Plastic Bags, for use as soil collection containers;approximately 1 L or 4 L (1 qt or
19、 1 gal) resealable plastic bags.6.5 Steel or Plastic Measuring Tape.6.6 Plastic Gloves, powderless.6.6.1 Use of plastic gloves minimizes potential contamina-tion of the collected soil from powders used in “powdered”gloves.6.7 Indelible (Permanent) Marking Pen.6.8 Cloths, clean for use in cleaning sa
20、mpling tools.6.9 Water (Optional), for use in cleaning sampling tools.6.10 Trash Bags.7. Lead Contamination7.1 Lead contamination problems during field sampling canbe severe and can affect soil analysis results.7.2 Minimize contamination through adherence to the fol-lowing recommendations:7.2.1 Chan
21、ge gloves frequently,7.2.2 Collect each sample wearing a new pair of gloves,7.2.3 Clean sampling equipment and measuring tapes fre-quently with cloths, clean water, or both, and7.2.4 Do not handle soil collection containers until just priorto use.8. Procedure for Core Sampling8.1 General Comments:8.
22、1.1 Coring methods are effective for collection of samplesfrom dense, hard, or sticky soils. Coring methods are notintended for collection of samples of loose, sandy soils (seeNote 2).NOTE 2Coring methods are more effective than scooping methods forthe collection of reproducible replicate samples. C
23、oring methods have theadvantage of sampling a reproducible cross-sectional area and depth.8.2 The following procedure is for collection of samples ofbare soils using a coring method at a given sample locationwithin a sampling site.8.2.1 Don a pair of clean, powderless plastic gloves (see6.6.1).8.2.2
24、 Clean the coring tool using cloths, clean water, orboth, if needed.8.2.3 Press or drive the coring tool into the bare soil to besampled to a depth of approximately 5 cm (2 in.), rotate onceor twice to cut the core, and remove. Check that the core isintact. If the core is not intact, discard it and
25、repeat beginningat 8.2.2.8.2.4 Using a clean plunger equipped with a stop that limitsextension of the plunger to within 1.5 cm (0.6 in.) from the farend of the coring tool, push the bottom approximately 3.5 cm(1.3 in.) section of the core out of the tool.8.2.5 Using a clean plunger (without stop), p
26、ush the remain-ing 1.5 cm (0.6 in.) section of the core sample into a soilcollection container.8.2.6 Collect a minimum of two more bare soil cores withina 0.3 m (1 ft) diameter circle around the location where the firstcore was taken using the same procedure (8.2.5). Place each ofthese cores into th
27、e same soil collection container used for thefirst core.8.2.6.1 If the soil collection container used is a plastic bag,place the bag containing the sample in an additional bag, thatis, double-bag the sample.8.2.7 Label the soil collection container with sufficientinformation to uniquely identify the
28、 sample.8.2.8 Discard the gloves in the trash bag.8.2.9 Don a pair of clean, powderless plastic gloves. Cleanthe coring tool and plungers using cloths, clean water, or both,until visibly clean. Discard the cloths and gloves in a trash bag.9. Procedures for Scoop Sampling9.1 General Comments:9.1.1 Sc
29、ooping methods are effective for collection fromsemisoft, sticky, and loose sandy soils (see Note 2). Scoopingmethods are not intended for the collection of soils from hardsoils.9.1.2 The scooping methods described here may result incollection bias toward increased amounts of surface soil asopposed
30、to subsurface soil because of the curvature of thecollection tools.9.2 The following procedures are for collection of soilsamples using scoop sampling methods.9.3 Scoop Sampling Using a Rigid-Walled Container:9.3.1 Don a pair of clean, powderless, plastic gloves (see6.6.1).9.3.2 Determine the proper
31、 burying depth of the containerneeded to collect approximately the top 1.5 cm (0.6 in.) of baresoil using a measuring tape (see Note 3).NOTE 3For example; if the container is about 3 cm in diameter, thenthe proper burying depth during scooping is to insert the container into thesoil until the soil s
32、urface is about even with the center of the container.9.3.3 Insert the open end of the container into the bare soilat the sampling location to the desired depth as determined in9.3.2. Collect the soil into the container by pushing or pullingit through the soil surface while maintaining the burying d
33、epthin the soil. Move the container a distance of 10 to 20 cm(4 to 8 in.) across the soil surface to complete collection of thesoil.9.3.4 Remove the container from the ground and wipe offthe outside of the container with a gloved finger. Place thesample into a soil collection container.E1727 1629.3.
34、5 Collect a minimum of two more bare soil sampleswithin a 0.3-m (1-ft) diameter circle around the location wherethe first scoop sample was taken using the same procedure(9.3.2 9.3.4). Place each of these scoop samples into the samesoil collection container used for the first one.9.3.5.1 If the soil
35、collection container used is a plastic bag,place the bag containing the sample into an additional bag, thatis, double-bag the sample.9.3.6 Label the collection container with sufficient informa-tion to uniquely identify the sample.9.3.7 Discard the gloves in the trash bag.9.4 Scoop Sampling Using a
36、Spoon:9.4.1 Don a pair of clean, powderless, plastic gloves (see6.6.1).9.4.2 Using a measuring tape and a clean spoon, dig a smalltest hole adjacent to the sampling location to the depth of1.5 cm (0.6 in.). Use this hole as a visual aid during soilcollection to help limit collection to a depth of 1.
37、5 cm (0.6 in.).9.4.3 Clean the spoon using cloths, water, or both.9.4.4 Collect soil into a soil collection container by scoop-ing with the spoon down to the depth indicated by the test hole(see 9.4.2). Continue to collect soil until a cylindrical hole ofapproximately 5 cm (2 in.) diameter and 1.5 c
38、m (0.6 in.) depthhas been created.9.4.5 Collect bare soil from a minimum of two morelocations within a 0.3 m (1 ft) diameter circle around the firstsample location using the same procedure (9.4.1 9.4.4). Placethese additional scoop samples into the same soil collectioncontainer used for the first sa
39、mple.9.4.5.1 If the soil collection container used is a plastic bag,place the bag containing the sample into an additional bag, thatis, double-bag the sample.9.4.6 Label the soil collection container with sufficientinformation to uniquely identify the sample.9.4.7 Discard the gloves in a trash bag.9
40、.4.8 Don a pair of clean, powderless, plastic gloves. Cleanthe spoon using cloths, clean water, or both. Discard the clothsand gloves in a trash bag.10. Record Keeping10.1 Records shall be maintained in accordance with Prac-tice E2239, and shall include a copy of the field collectionreport and, if n
41、eeded, chain of custody according to GuideD4840.11. Report11.1 Field data related to sample collection shall be docu-mented in a sample log form or field notebook (see Note 4), orelectronically according to Guide D7659.NOTE 4Field notebooks are useful for recording field data even whenpreprinted sam
42、ple data forms are used.11.2 At a minimum, the field collection report shall includethe following information:11.2.1 Project or client name, address, and city/statelocation,11.2.2 General sampling site description,11.2.3 The specific collection protocol used for eachsample,11.2.4 For each sample col
43、lected, an individual and uniquesample identifier and date of collection, and11.2.5 For each sample collected, the name of the personcollecting the sample and the sampling location from which thesample was removed.12. Keywords12.1 coring; lead; sample collection; scooping; soilASTM International tak
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