1、Designation: E 1760 96 (Reapproved 2003)e1Standard Guide forUnrestricted Disposition of Bulk Materials ContainingResidual Amounts of Radioactivity1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1760; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTE1.5 was added editorially in November 2005.INTRODUCTIONThe feasibility of the recycle o
3、f bulk material containing trace amounts of radioactive contaminationdepends on the dose to the public that could occur as a result. However, the assessment of this dosedepends not only on the measurements of contaminants present, but also on the future use of thematerial and the pathways by which p
4、ersons can be exposed. This guide provides a recommendedapproach to support a petition (to a regulatory agency) seeking approval for the recycle or disposal ofthe material outside of the radioactive materials regulatory arena.If dose rate limits are established by regulation, this approach is a reco
5、mmended way to demonstratecompliance with them. Until that occurs, the limits will have to be proposed by the owners thatadvance the argument that recycle should be permitted because the dose is very small.The Scope defines the range of applicability of this guide; the Summary identifies the two maj
6、orsteps that comprise the method; and the significance of the guide is given in Section 5. Section 6discusses the need for dose rate based release criteria, and Section 7 delineates the steps for decidingwhether or not a material should be considered for recycle. Section 8 describes the steps needed
7、 toimplement the recommendations of this guide including the development of a data package to supportthe petition and to serve as a permanent record.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the techniques for obtaining approvalfor release of materials encountered in decontamination anddecommissioning (D radiol
8、ogicallycontaminated materials; release of materialsAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. TYPICAL INTENDED USES, EXPOSURE SCENARIOS, AND RECEPTORS FOR BULK MATERIAL RELEASEX1.1 The intended use of a material is defined by theowner/petitioner based on the nature of the material and theplans of the
9、intended recipient. The first column below listscommon types of bulk materials encountered during decom-missioning, as well as a common use for each. For example,concrete rubble could be used for clean fill, or disposed of in asanitary landfill. Slightly contaminated asbestos, in contrast,has no reu
10、se but can be disposed of in a permitted sanitarylandfill if the dose to the public is sufficiently small. Thesecond column identifies the way (scenario) that members ofthe public would receive the highest dose because of theintended use. For materials that are to be disposed of in asanitary landfil
11、l, or used as fill, the greatest credible doseusually would occur if the land were later occupied by aresident farmer. The analysis to determine the magnitude of theresulting dose would include all of the usual pathways appli-cable in the area where the material is to be placed, that is,direct expos
12、ure, resuspension, meat, milk, vegetables, aquaticfoods, and drinking water. A possible intended use scenario forferrous metal that is to be melted and reused as structural steelwould be the exposure to persons who dwell in an apartmentconstructed from that steel, and the applicable pathway wouldE 1
13、760 96 (2003)e15be by direct exposure. The third column lists the person whowould receive the highest dose.Material Type/Use Intended Use Scenario ReceptorBuilding rubble/landfill Residential FarmerAsbestos/landfill Residential FarmerGranular material/landfill Residential FarmerGranular material/cle
14、an fill Residential FarmerMetal ingot/structural Apartment Occupancy LesseeHazardous waste/permitted disposal Residential FarmerX2. TYPICAL UNPLANNED USES, EXPOSURE SCENARIOS, AND RECEPTORS FOR BULK MATERIALRELEASEX2.1 The unplanned use of a material would occur if bymistake the material were not us
15、ed for its intended purpose, butin some other way. The unplanned use scenario is the crediblealternative to the intended use that gives the highest dose. Forexample, material to be disposed of in a sanitary landfill mayinstead be dumped on the surface, or steel planned forstructural purposes may ins
16、tead be used in the manufacture ofdishwashers or stoves. The residential farmer scenario isusually the most conservative for material placed in or on theground, but pathways may differ. One suggested for granularfill is a residential scenario that includes as one pathway theingestion by a child.Anot
17、her pathway would apply if a residentfarmer would dig up a hazardous waste disposal site and beexposed to the trace radionuclides present.Material Type/UseSecondaryScenario ReceptorBuilding rubble/landfill excavation Residential FarmerAsbestos/landfill excavation Residential FarmerGranular material/
18、landfill excavation Residential FarmerGranular material/clean fill Consumption Resident childMetal ingot/structural Home use DomesticHazardous waste/permitted landfill excavation Residential FarmerASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectio
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21、eration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Bar
22、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 1760 96 (2003)e16
