1、Designation: E 1817 08Standard Practice forControlling Quality of Radiological Examination by UsingRepresentative Quality Indicators (RQIs)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1817; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the radiological examination ofunique materials or processes, or bot
3、h, for which convention-ally designed image quality indicators (IQIs), such as thosedescribed in Practices E 747 and E 1025, may be inadequate incontrolling the quality and repeatability of the radiologicalimage.1.2 Where appropriate, representative image quality indica-tors (RQIs) may also represen
4、t criteria levels of the acceptanceor rejection of images of discontinuities.1.3 This practice is applicable to most radiological methodsof examination.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of thi
5、s standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestruc-tive TestingE 747 Practice for Design, Manufacture and MaterialGr
6、ouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators(IQI) Used for RadiologyE 1000 Guide for RadioscopyE 1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and MaterialGrouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indi-cators (IQI) Used for RadiologyE 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE 144
7、1 Guide for Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging2.2 ASNT Standards:3SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-cation in Nondestructive TestingANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi-fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel2.3 Aerospace Industries Association Document:NAS 410
8、 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTesting Personnel43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice, refer to Terminology E 1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 representative quality indicator (RQI)a real part, ora fabrication of
9、 similar geometry in radiologically similarmaterial to a real part, that has features of known characteris-tics that represent those features of interest for which the partsto be purchased are being examined.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The information from an RQI image may be used tocontrol all of the
10、 parameters necessary for production exami-nation images (which look essentially like the RQI images) andis particularly effective in the practice of radioscopic andtomographic techniques. Refer to Guides E 1000 and E 1441,respectively.4.2 The designer may also use the RQI, when in compliancewith th
11、e requirements set out in this practice, to set accept orreject criteria, as applicable, to that part design.5. Significance and Use5.1 The use of RQIs is a significant departure from normalpractice in industrial radiology because it is not a standarddesign and is dependent on the application, mater
12、ial, andprocess and therefore cannot be a simple plaque or wire. Theuse of an RQI provides documented evidence that radiologicimages have the level of quality necessary to reveal those1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsi
13、bility of Subcommittee E07.01 onRadiology (X and Gamma) Method.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 1817 - 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S
14、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.4Available
15、 from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700,Arlington, VA22209-3928, http:/www.aia-aerospace.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.nonconformances for which the parts are
16、being examined byensuring adequate spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity inthe areas of interest.5.2 Where conventional IQIs conforming to Practice E 747or E 1025 can be used effectively, those practices should befollowed.6. Basis of Application6.1 The following items shall be agreed upon betw
17、een thepurchaser and the supplier and specified in the contract or joborder:6.1.1 Nondestructive testing (NDT) personnel shall bequalified in accordance with a nationally or internationallyrecognized NDT personnel qualification practice or standardsuch as ANSI/ASNT CP-189, SNT-TC-1A, NAS 410,orasimi
18、lar document. The practice or standard used and itsapplicable revision shall be specified in the contractual agree-ment between the using parties.6.1.2 Nondestructive Testing Agency EvaluationIf a sys-tematic assessment of the capability of an NDT agency isspecified, a documented procedure such as t
19、hat described inPractice E 543 shall be used as the basis for evaluation.6.1.3 Quality LevelsQuality levels to be used shall bespecified in accordance with 7.1 and 7.2.6.1.4 System Performance Using RQIsNonconformancesin RQIs used to determine system performance shall bespecified in accordance with
20、8.1.1-8.1.3.6.1.5 RQI FabricationThe design and manufacture ofRQIs shall be specified in accordance with 8.3.1 and 8.3.2.6.1.6 Frequency of RQI UsageIf not in accordance with8.7.1, the frequency of RQI usage shall be specified inaccordance with 8.7.2.6.1.7 Accept and Reject CriteriaIf used, acceptan
21、ce levelsshall be specified in accordance with 8.8.1 and 8.8.2.7. Quality Levels7.1 There is no standard table of image quality levelsassociated with RQI images.7.2 Quality levels using RQIs shall be determined byagreement between the purchaser and the supplier and shall bespecified in the applicabl
22、e job order or contract.8. Requirements8.1 System Performance Using RQIs:8.1.1 The manufacturing development of unique materialsor processes, or both, may produce a wide range of noncon-formances. The radiologic system should be capable of reveal-ing examples of the smallest deviations from the engi
23、neeringdrawing requirements in images of examined parts.8.1.2 The cognizant engineering organization for the partsbeing examined shall agree that the RQI (whether actual partsor fabricated) can be used to assess and verify image qualitywith regard to detection of all of the nonconformances ofconcern
24、.8.1.3 The choice of known nonconformances that the sys-tem should have the capability of revealing in the images shallbe determined between the purchaser and the supplier and shallbe specified in the applicable job order or contract.8.2 RQI RequirementsRadiologic image quality require-ments shall b
25、e determined by RQIs that conform to thefollowing conditions:8.2.1 The geometry of the RQI shall be agreed upon by theuser and the cognizant engineering organization for the parts.8.2.2 The RQIs shall be identified permanently and referredto in the examination scanplan.8.2.3 It shall be a requiremen
26、t to keep an RQI register, ascanplan describing all of the parameters used to make theimages, and a precise technical description (including refer-ence images) of all of the imperfections or characteristics forwhich the RQI is being used.8.3 RQI Fabrication:8.3.1 The RQIs shall be fabricated (where
27、they are notactual parts or sections from actual parts) from radiologicallysimilar material and from manufacturing process parameterssimilar to those of the parts to be examined.8.3.2 Large structures can be sectioned into smaller piecesto provide examples of nonconformances, provided that theyare c
28、ontained within a relevant geometry that produces aradiologic image similar to the original. Scatter radiation due topart geometric configuration can influence radiologic imagequality significantly.8.4 Number of RQIsThere is no limit to the number ofRQIs for the parts to be examined, provided that e
29、ach RQI isin compliance with the requirements stated in 8.1-8.3.8.5 RQI PlacementRQIs shall be exposed in strict com-pliance with the scanplan or shooting sketch. Unlike conven-tional IQIs, RQIs should be in the same position relative to thesource and detector as the part to be examined to represent
30、 thequality level accurately. When the RQI cannot be placed in thesame position relative to the source and detector as theexamination part, place the examination part in the directcenter of where the radiation beam is normal to the detector,and place the RQI further away from this center.8.6 RQI Ima
31、ging:8.6.1 The RQI images with artifacts in the areas of interestshall be reimaged.8.6.2 The RQI image shall be provided, along with theexamination images, as part of the examination record.8.6.3 The complete set of imaging conditions shall berecorded and used when reviewing the reference images of
32、thefeatures in the RQI or the part being examined, or both.8.7 Frequency of Use:8.7.1 In most applications, it is not practical to image theRQI with each exposure of the part(s) being examined, but itshould as a minimum be imaged before the commencementand at the conclusion of the examination. This
33、is applicablewhether the examination involves a single item or a batch ofsimilar items.8.7.2 Other frequencies of use shall be determined betweenthe purchaser and the supplier and shall be specified in theapplicable job order or contract.8.8 Acceptance Levels:8.8.1 The cognizant engineering organiza
34、tion for the partsbeing examined may also choose to use the RQI images asE1817082reference images for indicating acceptable or rejectable condi-tions in the parts to be examined, provided that the original setof reference images is kept for reference during subsequent useof the RQI(s).8.8.2 The choi
35、ce of known and quantified image(s) offeatures in the RQI to be used as accept or reject criteria shallbe determined between the purchaser and the supplier and shallbe specified in the applicable job order or contract.9. Precision and Bias9.1 No statement is made about either the precision or biasof
36、 this practice for controlling the radiologic quality of imagesmade from the examination of unique materials or processes,or both, since the result indicates merely whether there isconformance to the criteria for success specified in thispractice.10. Keywords10.1 radiologic images; representative qu
37、ality indicator;RQIASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement
38、of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for
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40、to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E1817083
