1、Designation: E 1955 04Standard Radiographic Examination forSoundness of Welds in Steel by Comparison to GradedASTM E 390 Reference Radiographs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1955; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard covers requirements for radiographicexamination for soundness of welds
3、in fabricated steel bycomparison to selected severity levels of Reference Radio-graphs E 390, Vol II. The base material varies from greater than0.25 to 3 in. 6.476 mm inclusive in thickness. Volume II isapplicable. This standard is not suitable for shipyard use.NOTE 1This standard was adopted to rep
4、lace Mil-Std. 1264-B entitled“Radiographic Inspection For Soundness of Welds In Steel By Compari-son To Graded ASTM E 390 Reference Radiographs,” dated 18 January,1989. This standard is intended to be used for the same applications as thedocument which it replaced. Users should carefully review its
5、require-ments when considering the standards use for new and/or differentapplications.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI units given in brackets are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, a
6、ssociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE 390 Reference
7、 Radiographs for Steel Fusion WeldsE 1742 Practice for Radiographic ExaminationE 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 Military Standards:NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTest Personnel32.3 ASNT Standards:4SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-cat
8、ion and Certification in Nondestructive TestingANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi-fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel2.4 American Welding Society Standards:AWS D 1.1 Structural Welding Code Steel52.5 American Petroleum Institute Standards:API STD-1104 Standard for Welding
9、 Pipelines and RelatedFacilities62.6 Adjuncts:Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds:Volume II, Thickness Over14 to 3 in. 6.4 to 76 mm, incl73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this docu-ment, see Terminology E 1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3
10、.2.1 gradeswelds shall be designated Grades I, II, III, orIV as shown in Table 1. A Grade I weld would contain the leastor smallest discontinuities, or both, and a Grade IV weld wouldcontain the largest or most numerous discontinuities, or both.3.2.2 examination lotan examination lot shall consist o
11、fall welds of a specific design and size produced at one facilityby the same personnel and production technique, and submit-ted for examination at one time.4. Significance and Use4.1 This standard can be used to establish acceptancecriteria for weld soundness based on the procedures andreference rad
12、iographs of ASTM E 390. The grades specified inthis standard, while applicable for general examination use forthe materials and thicknesses indicated, may not be suitable forall applications.1This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct r
13、esponsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 onReference Radiological Images.Current edition approved February 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 1955 - 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
14、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Aerospace Industries Association, 1050 Eye St., NW, Washing-ton, DC 20005.4Available from The American Society for Nondestructive
15、 Testing (ASNT), P.O.Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518.5Available from American Welding Society, 550 N.W. Lajuene Road, Miami, FL33135.6Available from American Petroleum Institute, 1801 K Street N.W., Washington,DC 20226.7Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order PCN 1750390222.1C
16、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. General Practices5.1 Personnel QualificationNondestructive testing (NDT)personnel shall be qualified in accordance with a nationally orinternationally recognized NDT personnel qualific
17、ation prac-tice or standard such as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189, SNT-TC-1A,NAS-410, or a similar document. The practice or standard usedand its applicable revision shall be specified in the contractualagreement between the using parties.5.2 Determination of GradesThe customer shall establishthe acceptance grad
18、e for each weld design and this grade shallbe indicated on the applicable drawing, order, contract or otherappropriate documents.5.3 Extent of ExaminationExtent of radiographic exami-nation of all welds shall be accomplished as required by thedrawing, order, contract or other appropriate document. I
19、fextent is not provided, radiographic examination shall be100 % of weld joints.6. Application of Reference Radiographs6.1 Acceptance CriteriaWelds Graded I, II, III or IV shallcontain discontinuities no more severe than those shown in theseverity levels indicated in Table 1. The severity levelsindic
20、ated refer to those illustrated in the reference radiographsof ASTM E 390.6.2 Applicable Thickness RangesThe applicable thicknessranges for the reference radiograph illustrations used to deter-mine severity levels for welds in Table 1 of this standard arelisted below:Illustration Thickness,in. mmBas
21、e Material Thickness Range,in. mm838 9.5 Over14 6.4 to and including12 1334 19 Over12 13 to and including 112 382 51 Over 112 38 to and including 3 767. Supplementary Requirements7.1 The customer may choose additional acceptance criteriafrom AWS D 1.1, Section 10.17 and API STD 1104, Section 6.These
22、 documents will only be applicable when they appear onthe drawing, order, contract or other appropriate document.7.2 Unless prohibited by the drawing, specification or othercontract document, weld joints rejected because of non-compliance with this standard may be repaired. All repairedareas shall b
23、e re-examined to the requirements of this standard.8. Keywords8.1 discontinuities; fusion welds; reference radiographs;steel; X-rayASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard
24、are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif no
25、t revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which
26、you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,Unit
27、ed States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).8In cases of joining two members of unequal thickn
28、ess the standard applicableto the thinner member shall be used.TABLE 1 Severity Level Requirements for Welds In AccordanceWith Reference Radiographs E 390, Vol II ReferenceRadiographsA,BIllustrationThickness, Grade Grade Grade GradeDiscontinuities in. mm I II III IVFine Scattered Porosity38 9.5 None
29、 1 2 334 19 None 2 2 32 51 1 2 3 4Coarse Scattered Porosity38 9.5 None 1 2 334 19 None 2 2 32 51 1 2 3 4Clustered Porosity38 9.5 None 1 2 334 19 None 2 2 32 51 1 2 3 4Linear Porosity or Globular38 9.5 None 1 2 3Indications34 19 None 2 2 32 51 1 2 3 4Slag Inclusions38 9.5 None 1 2 334 19 None 2 2 32
30、51 1 2 3 4Tungsten Inclusions38 9.5 None 1 2 334 19 None 2 2 32 51 - - - -No Greater ThanUngraded Radiograph-Incomplete Penetration38 9.5 None 1 2 334 19 None 2 3 42 51 1 2 3 4Lack of Fusion38 9.5 None 1 2 334 19 None 2 2 32 51 1 2 3 4Ungraded Discontinuities (All applicable thickness ranges)All Cra
31、ck Types -Not Allowed-Undercut -Not Allowed-Burn Through -Not Allowed-Icicles (Teardrops) -Not Allowed-Elongated (or Wormhole) Porosity -Not Allowed-AWhen two or more types of discontinuities are present, the extent of thepredominant discontinuity must be less than the severity level allowed for thatdiscontinuity type.BDiscontinuities allowed by this table shall be cause for rejection when closerthan twice their maximum dimension to an edge or extremity of a weldment in ahighly stressed or critical area as specified on the drawing, order, contract or otherappropriate documents.E1955042
