1、Designation: E1955 04 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Radiographic Examination forSoundness of Welds in Steel by Comparison to GradedASTM E390 Reference Radiographs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1955; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ado
2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard covers requirements for radiographicexamination for sound
3、ness of welds in fabricated steel bycomparison to selected severity levels of Reference Radio-graphs E390, Vol II. The base material varies from greater than0.25 to 3 in. (6.476 mm) inclusive in thickness. Volume II isapplicable. This standard is not suitable for shipyard use.NOTE 1This standard was
4、 adopted to replace Mil-Std. 1264-B entitled“Radiographic Inspection For Soundness of Welds In Steel By Compari-son To Graded ASTM E390 Reference Radiographs,” dated 18 January,1989. This standard is intended to be used for the same applications as thedocument which it replaced. Users should careful
5、ly review its require-ments when considering the standards use for new and/or differentapplications.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not consi
6、dered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
7、2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E390 Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion WeldsE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 Military Standards:NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTest Personnel32.3 ASNT Standards:4SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel
8、 Qualifi-cation and Certification in Nondestructive TestingANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel2.4 American Welding Society Standards:AWS D 1.1 Structural Welding Code Steel52.5 American Petroleum Institute Standards:API STD-1104 Standard
9、 for Welding Pipelines and RelatedFacilities62.6 Adjuncts:Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds:Volume II, Thickness Over14 to 3 in. (6.4 to 76 mm), incl73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thisdocument, see Terminology E1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This
10、 Standard:3.2.1 gradeswelds shall be designated Grades I, II, III, orIV as shown in Table 1.AGrade I weld would contain the leastor smallest discontinuities, or both, and a Grade IV weld wouldcontain the largest or most numerous discontinuities, or both.3.2.2 examination lotan examination lot shall
11、consist ofall welds of a specific design and size produced at one facilityby the same personnel and production technique, and submit-ted for examination at one time.1This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommit
12、tee E07.02 onReference Radiological Images.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1955 - 04(2009).DOI: 10.1520/E1955-04R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact A
13、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700,Arlington, VA22209-3928, http:/www.aia-a
14、erospace.org.4Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.5Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.6Available from American Petroleum Inst
15、itute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.7Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.RRE039002.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Significance and Use4.1 This stan
16、dard can be used to establish acceptancecriteria for weld soundness based on the procedures andreference radiographs of ASTM E390. The grades specified inthis standard, while applicable for general examination use forthe materials and thicknesses indicated, may not be suitable forall applications.5.
17、 General Practices5.1 Personnel QualificationNondestructive testing (NDT)personnel shall be qualified in accordance with a nationally orinternationally recognized NDT personnel qualification prac-tice or standard such as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189, SNT-TC-1A,NAS-410, or a similar document. The practice or sta
18、ndard usedand its applicable revision shall be specified in the contractualagreement between the using parties.5.2 Determination of GradesThe customer shall establishthe acceptance grade for each weld design and this grade shallbe indicated on the applicable drawing, order, contract or otherappropri
19、ate documents.5.3 Extent of ExaminationExtent of radiographic exami-nation of all welds shall be accomplished as required by thedrawing, order, contract or other appropriate document. Ifextent is not provided, radiographic examination shall be100 % of weld joints.6. Application of Reference Radiogra
20、phs6.1 Acceptance CriteriaWelds Graded I, II, III or IV shallcontain discontinuities no more severe than those shown in theseverity levels indicated in Table 1. The severity levelsindicated refer to those illustrated in the reference radiographsof ASTM E390.6.2 Applicable Thickness RangesThe applica
21、ble thicknessranges for the reference radiograph illustrations used to deter-mine severity levels for welds in Table 1 of this standard arelisted below:Illustration Thickness,in. (mm)Base Material Thickness Range,in. (mm)838 (9.5) Over14 (6.4) to and including12 (13)34 (19) Over12 (13) to and includ
22、ing 112 (38)2 (51) Over 112 (38) to and including 3 (76)7. Supplementary Requirements7.1 The customer may choose additional acceptance criteriafrom AWS D 1.1, Section 10.17 and API STD-1104, Section 6.These documents will only be applicable when they appear onthe drawing, order, contract or other ap
23、propriate document.7.2 Unless prohibited by the drawing, specification or othercontract document, weld joints rejected because of non-compliance with this standard may be repaired. All repairedareas shall be re-examined to the requirements of this standard.8. Keywords8.1 discontinuities; fusion weld
24、s; reference radiographs;steel; X-ray8In cases of joining two members of unequal thickness the standard applicableto the thinner member shall be used.TABLE 1 Severity Level Requirements for Welds In AccordanceWith Reference Radiographs E390, Vol II ReferenceRadiographsA,BIllustrationThickness, Grade
25、 Grade Grade GradeDiscontinuities in. (mm) I II III IVFine Scattered Porosity38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 2 32 (51) 1 2 3 4Coarse Scattered Porosity38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 2 32 (51) 1 2 3 4Clustered Porosity38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 2 32 (51) 1 2 3 4Linear Porosity or Globular
26、38 (9.5) None 1 2 3Indications34 (19) None 2 2 32 (51) 1 2 3 4Slag Inclusions38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 2 32 (51) 1 2 3 4Tungsten Inclusions38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 2 32(51) -NoGreaterThan Un-graded Radiograph-Incomplete Penetration38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 3 42 (51) 1 2 3 4L
27、ack of Fusion38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 2 32 (51) 1 2 3 4Ungraded Discontinuities (All applicable thickness ranges)All Crack Types -NotAllowed -Undercut -NotAllowed -Burn Through -NotAllowed -Icicles (Teardrops) -NotAllowed -Elongated (or Wormhole) Porosity -NotAllowed -AWhen two or more type
28、s of discontinuities are present, the extent of thepredominant discontinuity must be less than the severity level allowed for thatdiscontinuity type.BDiscontinuities allowed by this table shall be cause for rejection when closer thantwice their maximum dimension to an edge or extremity of a weldment
29、 in a highlystressed or critical area as specified on the drawing, order, contract or otherappropriate documents.E1955 04 (2014)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard ar
30、e expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not
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32、u may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United
33、 States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 04 (2014)3
