1、Designation: E1996 12aE1996 14Standard Specification forPerformance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, andImpact Protective Systems Impacted by Windborne Debrisin Hurricanes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1996; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers exterior windows, glaz
3、ed curtain walls, doors, and impact protective systems used in buildingslocated in geographic regions that are prone to hurricanes.1.1.1 ExceptionExterior garage doors and rolling doors are governed byANSI/DASMA115 and are beyond the scope of thisspecification.1.2 This specification provides the inf
4、ormation required to conduct Test Method E1886.1.3 Qualification under this specification provides a basis for judgment of the ability of applicable elements of the buildingenvelope to remain unbreached during a hurricane; thereby minimizing the damaging effects of hurricanes on the building interio
5、rand reducing the magnitude of internal pressurization. While this standard was developed for hurricanes, it may be used for othertypes of similar windstorms capable of generating windborne debris.1.4 This specification provides a uniform set of guidelines based upon currently available information
6、and research.2 As newinformation and research becomes available it will be considered.1.5 All values are stated in SI units and are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only.Where certain values contained in reference documents cited and quoted herein are state
7、d in inch-pound units they must beconverted by the user.1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 5, of this specification:This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
8、of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elastomeric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (Hockman C
9、ycle)C1135 Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion Properties of Structural SealantsD3575 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials Made From Olefin PolymersE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1886 Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Prote
10、ctive Systems Impacted byMissile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic Pressure Differentials2.2 ASCEASCE/SEI Standard:4ASCEASCE/SEI 7 American Society of Civil Engineers Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures2.3 ANSI/DASMA Standard:5ANSI/DASMA 115 Standard Method for Testing Sectional Garage Do
11、ors and Rolling Doors: Determination of StructuralPerformance Under Missile Impact and Cyclic Wind Pressure1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildingsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Performanceof Windows, Doors, Skylights
12、 and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012June 1, 2014. Published December 2012July 2014. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asE1996 12.E1996 12a. DOI: 10.1520/E1996-12A.10.1520/E1996-14.2 See the Significance and Use Section of Test Method E1886.3 For
13、referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 A
14、lexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.5 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of
15、 what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered
16、 the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.4 Other Standards:6International Residential Code 20003. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 General terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology E63
17、1.3.1.2 Terms common to this specification and Test Method E1886 are defined in Test Method E1886, unless defined herein.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 assembly elevationvertical dimension above adjacent mean ground level at which fenestration or impact protectivesystem ass
18、embly is to be installed, measured to the lowest point of the assembly.3.2.2 basic wind speedthree-second gust speeds as defined in the latest edition of ASCEASCE/SEI 7.3.2.3 combination mulliona horizontal or vertical member formed by joining two or more individual fenestration unitstogether withou
19、t a mullion stiffener.3.2.4 impact protective systemconstruction applied, attached, or locked over an exterior glazed opening system to protect thatsystem from windborne debris during high wind events.3.2.4.1 DiscussionImpact protective systems include types that are fixed, operable, or removable.3.
20、2.5 infillglazing in a fenestration assembly or curtain wall.3.2.6 integral mulliona horizontal or vertical member which is bounded at both ends by crossing frame members.3.2.7 maximum deflectionGreatest deformation of an element or component under the application of an applied force.3.2.8 maximum d
21、ynamic deflectiongreatest deformation of an element or component during the missile impact.3.2.9 meeting rail or check railone of the two horizontal members of a sliding sash that come together when in the closedposition.3.2.10 meeting stileone of the two vertical members of a sliding sash that come
22、 together when in the closed position.3.2.11 porous impact protective systeman assembly whose aggregate open area exceeds ten percent of its projected surfacearea.3.2.12 valleya pivoting axis of an impact protective system designed to rotate adjacent slats or panels outward.4. Test Specimens4.1 Numb
23、er of Test Specimens:4.1.1 Fenestration Assemblies:4.1.1.1 Three test specimens shall be submitted for the large missile test.4.1.1.2 Three test specimens shall be submitted for the small missile test.4.1.1.3 One additional test specimen may be submitted for each of the tests should no more than one
24、 of the original threespecimens fail any portion of the testing.4.1.2 Impact Protective Systems:4.1.2.1 A minimum of three test specimens shall be submitted for the large missile test for the largest span to be qualified.4.1.2.2 A minimum of three test specimens shall be submitted for the small miss
25、ile test.4.1.2.3 One additional test specimen may be submitted for each of the tests should no more than one of the original specimensfail any portion of the testing.4.1.2.4 For porous impact protective systems, the large and small missile tests shall be allowed to be performed on the samespecimens,
26、 or on separate specimens. If the large and small missile tests are performed on the same specimens, the small missileimpacts shall be performed first, followed by the large missile impacts.4.2 Test specimens shall be prepared as specified in Test Method E1886.4.3 The size of the test specimen shall
27、 be determined by the specifying authority. All components of each test specimen shallbe full size.4.4 Where it is impractical to test the entire fenestration assembly such as curtain wall and heavy commercial assemblies, testthe largest size of each type of panel as required by the specifying autho
28、rity to qualify the entire assembly.6 Available from International Code Council (ICC), 500 New Jersey Ave., NW, 6th Floor, Washington, DC 20001-2070, http:/www.iccsafe.org.E1996 1424.5 Fenestration assemblies and impact protective systems intended to be mulled together shall be tested separately or
29、testedby combining three specimens into one mounting frame separated only by the mullions.5. Test Methods5.1 Test specimens shall be tested according to Test Method E1886.5.2 Determine the missile based upon building classification, wind speed, and assembly elevation according to Section 6.5.3 Locat
30、ion of Impact:5.3.1 Large Missile TestImpact each impact protective system specimen and each fenestration assembly infill type once asshown in Fig. 1, except for additional impacts specified in 5.3.2.5.3.1.1 Impact one specimen with the center of the missile within a 65-mm (212-in.) radius circle an
31、d with the center of thecircle located at the center of each type of infill.5.3.1.2 Impact a different specimen with the center of the missile within a 65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with the center ofthe circle located 150 mm (6 in.) from supporting members at a corner.5.3.1.3 Impact the remaini
32、ng specimen with the center of the missile within a 65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with the centerof the circle located 150 mm (6 in.) from supporting members at a diagonally opposite corner.5.3.2 Additional Impact Locations in Wind Zone 4(See Fig. 1):5.3.2.1 Impact the same specimen specified in
33、 5.3.1.1 a second time with the center of the second missile within a 65-mm(212-in.) radius circle and with the center of the circle located 150 mm (6 in.) from supporting member at a corner.5.3.2.2 Impact the same specimen specified in 5.3.1.2 a second time with the center of the second missile wit
34、hin a 65-mm(212-in.) radius circle and with the center of the circle located at the center of each type of infill.5.3.2.3 Impact the same specimen specified in 5.3.1.3 a second time with the center of the second missile within a 65-mm(212-in.) radius circle and with the center of the circle located
35、at the center of each type of infill except as specified in 5.3.3.6.5.3.2.4 For test specimens with bracing at the specified impact location(s), the impact location(s) shall be relocated to the nearestarea with no bracing.5.3.2.5 If the specimens are sufficiently small to cause the 65-mm (212-in.) r
36、adius circle to overlap, two separate specimens shallbe impacted one time each.5.3.2 Special Considerations:5.3.2.1 For test specimens containing multiple panels, impact the exterior glazing surface innermost from the exterior plane ofthe fenestration assembly or impact protective system panel inner
37、most from the exterior.5.3.2.2 For test specimens containing fixed and operable panels of the same type of infill, impact the operable portion.5.3.2.3 For operable test specimens, a corner impact location shall be nearest a locking device and the other corner impactlocation shall be at a corner diag
38、onally opposite.5.3.2.4 For test specimens with bracing at the specified impact location(s), the impact location(s) shall be relocated to the nearestarea with no bracing.5.3.2.5 The impacts on accordion impact protective systems shall be at the valleys located closest to the impact locations shownin
39、 Fig. 1.5.3.3.6 In Wind Zone 4, impact the integral mullion and other intermediate members such as a meeting rail, check rail, ormeeting stile mid-span in lieu of the impact specified in 5.3.2.3 if applicable. (See Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4.)5.3.3.7 In Wind Zone 4, for each type of mullion impact o
40、ne vertical or horizontal combination mullion with the longest spanat mid span in addition to impacts specified in 5.3. (See Fig. 3.)5.3.3 Small Missile TestImpact each impact protective system specimen and each fenestration assembly infill type three timeswith ten steel balls each as shown in Fig.
41、52.FIG. 21 Integral MullionImpact Locations for Large Missile Test(Each Type of Infill)E1996 1435.3.3.1 Each impact location shall receive distributed impacts simultaneously from ten steel balls. The impact shall be describedin the test report.5.3.3.2 The corner impact locations shall be entirely wi
42、thin a 250-mm (10-in.) radius circle having its center located at 275 mm(11 in.) from the edges.5.3.3.3 The edge impact locations shall be entirely within a 250-mm (10-in.) radius circle at the centerline between two cornershaving its center located at 275 mm (11 in.) from the edge.5.3.3.4 The cente
43、r impact location shall be entirely within a 250-mm (10-in.) radius circle having its center located at thehorizontal and vertical centerline of the infill.NOTE 1Impact locations for small missile test may overlap depending on the size of the specimen.5.4 Air Pressure Cycling:5.4.1 Air Pressure Diff
44、erential:5.4.1.1 The air pressure portion of the test shall use the test loading program in Table 1. Select Ppos and Pneg for the maximuminward (positive) and maximum outward (negative) air pressure differential for which qualification is sought.5.4.1.2 The air pressure differential to be used for p
45、orous impact protective systems shall be F (the design wind force for otherstructures as specified in ASCEASCE/SEI 7) divided by the horizontally projected area of the entire assembly.5.4.2 Except in Wind Zone 4, porous Porous impact protective systems whose aggregate open area exceeds 50 % of their
46、projected surface area that pass the small missile test and that are not subject to the large missile test need not be tested for theair pressure portion of the test described in this section.5.5 For impact protective system specimens that are tested independently of the fenestration assemblies they
47、 are intended toprotect, measure, and record both the maximum dynamic deflection and the residual deflection following the impact test andmeasure and record the maximum positive deflection in combination with the residual deflection during the air pressure cyclingtest. Measure all deflections to the
48、 nearest 2 mm (0.1 in.).6. Missiles6.1 The specifying authority shall select an applicable missile by defining a level of protection, a wind zone, and an assemblyelevation above the ground.6.2 The applicable missile from Table 2 shall be chosen using Table 3 or Table 4, unless otherwise specified.6.
49、2.1 Unless otherwise specified, select the appropriate level of building protection from 6.2.1.1 6.2.1.3 and enter Table 3 orTable 4 at the appropriate column.6.2.1.1 Enhanced Protection (Essential Facilities)Buildings and other structures designated as essential facilities, including,but not limited to, hospitals; other health care facilities having emergency treatment facilities; jails and detention facilities; fire,rescue and police stations, and emergency vehicle garages; designated emergency shelters; communications centers and otherFIG. 52 I
