1、Designation: E2121 12E2121 13Standard Practice forInstalling Radon Mitigation Systems in Existing Low-RiseResidential Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2121; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes methods for reducing radon entry into existing attached and detached residenti
3、al buildings threestories or less in height.This practice is intended for use by trained, certified or licensed, or both, or otherwise qualified individuals.1.2 These methods are based on radon mitigation techniques that have been effective in reducing radon levels in a wide rangeof residential buil
4、dings and soil conditions. These fan powered mitigation methods are listed in Appendix X1. More detailedinformation is contained in references cited throughout this practice.1.3 This practice is intended to provide radon mitigation contractors with a uniform set of practices that will ensure a highd
5、egree of safety and the likelihood of success in retrofitting low rise residential buildings with radon mitigation systems.1.4 The methods described in this practice apply to currently occupied or formerly occupied residential buildings, includingbuildings converted or being converted to residential
6、 use, as well as residential buildings changed or being changed by addition(s)or alteration(s), or both. The radon reduction activities performed on new dwellings, while under construction, before occupancy,and for up to one year after occupancy, are covered by Guide E1465.1.5 This practice also is
7、intended as a model set of practices, which can be adopted or modified by state and local jurisdictions,to fulfill objectives of their specific radon contractor certification or licensure programs. Radon mitigation performed in accordancewith this practice is considered ordinary repair.1.6 The metho
8、ds addressed in this practice include the following categories of contractor activity: general practices, buildinginvestigation, systems design, systems installation, materials, monitors and labeling, post-mitigation testing, and documentation.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be rega
9、rded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the u
10、ser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. See Section 6 for specific safety hazards.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1465 Practice for Radon Con
11、trol Options for the Design and Construction of New Low-Rise Residential BuildingsE1745 Specification for Plastic Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Soil or Granular Fill under Concrete Slabs2.2 Government Publications:EPA “Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Reauthorization Act,” regulation 40
12、 CFR Part 763, Subpart E.3EPA “A Citizens Guide to Radon (Second Edition),” EPA 402-K92-001, May 1992.3EPA “Consumers Guide to Radon Reduction,” EPA 402-K92-003, August 1992.3EPA “Handbook, Sub-Slab Depressurization for Low-Permeability Fill Material,” EPA/625/6-91/029, July 1991.3EPA “Home Buyers a
13、nd Sellers Guide,” EPA 402K-00008, July 2000.31 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.41 on Air Leakageand Ventilation Performance.Current edition approved April 15, 2012March 1, 2013. Published
14、May 2012 March 2013. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 asE2121 11.E2121 12. DOI: 10.1520/E2121-12.10.1520/E2121-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM St
15、andardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ariel Rios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http:/www.epa.gov.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intende
16、d only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current
17、versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1EPA “National Emission Standard for Asbestos,” 40 CFR 61, Subpart M.3EPA “ Radon Mitigation Standard
18、s,” EPA 402-R-93-078, April 1994.3EPA “Radon Reduction Techniques for Existing Detached Houses, Technical Guidance (Second Edition),” EPA/625/587/019,revised January 1988.3EPA “Radon Reduction Techniques for Existing Detached Houses, Technical Guidance (Third Edition) for Active SoilDepressurization
19、 Systems,” EPA/625/R-93-011, October 1993.3NCRP “Measurement of Radon and Radon Daughters in Air,” NCRP Report No. 97, 1988.4NIOSH “Guide to Industrial Respiratory Protection,” NIOSH Publication No. 87116.5OSHA “Asbestos Standard for the Construction Industry” 29 CFR 1926.1102.6OSHA “Hazard Communic
20、ation Standard for the Construction Industry,” 29 CFR 1926.59.6OSHA “Occupational Safety and Health Regulations, Ionizing Radiation,” 29 CFR 1910.96.6OSHA “Respiratory Protection Standard,” 29 CFR 1920.134, 1998.6OSHA “Safety and Health Regulations for Construction, Ionizing Radiation,” 29 CFR 1926.
21、53.63. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms used in this practice are defined in accordance with Terminology E631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 active soil depressurization (ASD), na family of radon mitigation systems involving mechanically-driven soildepressuriz
22、ation, including sub-slab depressurization (SSD), sump pit depressurization (SPD), drain tile depressurization (DTD),hollow block wall depressurization (BWD), and sub-membrane depressurization (SMD) (see Appendix X2).3.2.2 backdrafting, na condition where the normal movement of combustion products u
23、p a flue (due to the buoyancy of thehot flue gases), is reversed, so that the combustion products enter the building (see pressure-induced spillage).3.2.3 communication test, na diagnostic test to evaluate the potential effectiveness of a sub-slab depressurization system byapplying a vacuum beneath
24、the slab and measuring, either with a micromanometer or with a heatless smoke device, the extensionof the vacuum field. Also called pressure-field extension test.3.2.4 contractor, nfor the purposes of this practice, a contractor is one who contracts to performs radon reduction activitiesor is an emp
25、loyee of one who contracts to perform or performs radon reduction activities, with the expectation that payment willbe received for the work performed. A person who does radon reduction activities as an employee of a building owner is also acontractor for purposes of this standard practice. Persons
26、whose normal activity is not radon reduction, but who do work relatedto radon reduction like indoor air quality consultants, radon consultants, plumbers, building contractors, or employees of thesepersons are all viewed as contractors when performing radon reduction activities covered by this practi
27、ce.3.2.5 crawlspace depressurization (CSD) (active), na radon mitigation technique designed to achieve lower air pressure in thecrawlspace than in the rooms bordering and above the crawlspace. A radon fan, draws air from the crawl space and exhausts thatair outside the building. Crawlspace depressur
28、ization (CSD) is intended to mitigate rooms bordering and above the crawlspace butnot the crawlspace itself. All CSD systems, for purposes of this practice, are active.3.2.6 depressurization, na negative pressure induced in one area relative to another.3.2.7 diagnostic tests, nprocedures used to ide
29、ntify or characterize conditions under, beside and within buildings that maycontribute to radon entry or elevated radon levels or that may provide information regarding the performance of a mitigationsystem.3.2.8 drain tile depressurization (DTD) (active), na type of active soil depressurization rad
30、on mitigation system where thesuction point piping attaches to a drain tile or is located in gas-permeable material near the drain tile. The drain tile or perimeterdrain may be inside or outside the footings of the building.3.2.9 hollow wall depressurization (BWD) (active), na radon mitigation techn
31、ique that depressurizes the void space within afoundation wall (usually a block wall). A radon fan installed in the radon system piping draws air from within the wall.3.2.10 manifold piping, nthis piping collects the flow of soil-gas from two or more suction points and delivers that collectedsoil-ga
32、s to the vent stack piping. In the case of a single suction point system, there is no manifold piping since the suction pointpiping connects directly to the vent stack piping. The manifold piping starts where it connects to the suction point piping and endswhere it connects to the vent stack piping.
33、3.2.11 mechanically-ventilated crawlspace system, na radon-control technique designed to increase ventilation within acrawlspace by use of a fan.4 Available from the National Commission on Radiation Protection and Measurement, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814, http:/www.ncrponline
34、.org.5 Available from Centers for Disease Control soil-gas is collected at one end ofthe vent stack piping and is discharged from the building at the other end. In active soil depressurization systems, the radon fanis installed in the vent stack piping.3.2.27 ventilation, nthe process of introducing
35、 outdoor air into a building.3.2.28 working level (WL), na unit of radon decay product exposure. Numerically, any combination of short-lived radon decayproducts in one litre of air that will result in the ultimate emission of 130 000 MeV of potential alpha energy. This number waschosen because it is
36、 approximately the total alpha energy released from the short lived decay products in equilibrium with 100 pCiof Rn-222.3.2.29 working level month (WLM), na unit of exposure used to express the integrated human exposure to radon decayproducts. It is calculated by multiplying the average working leve
37、l to which a person has been exposed by the number of hoursexposed and dividing the product by 170.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes methods for mitigating elevated levels of radon in existing attached and detached residentialbuildings three stories or less in height.4.2 The mitigati
38、on process is described in terms of the categories of activity associated with radon mitigation and includes:general practices, building investigation, systems design, systems installation, materials, monitors and labeling, post-mitigationtesting, and contracts and documentation.E2121 1334.3 The sys
39、tems installation category contains subsections describing the specific requirements applicable to each of thecomponents of radon mitigation systems, for example, radon system piping, radon fans, sealing, electrical, etc.5. Significance and Use5.1 The purpose of the methods, systems, and designs des
40、cribed in this practice is to reduce radiation exposures for occupantsof residential buildings caused by radon and its progeny. The goal of mitigation is to maintain reduced radon concentrations inoccupiable areas of buildings at levels as low as reasonably achievable. This practice includes section
41、s on reducing radiationexposure caused by radon and its progeny for workers who install and repair radon mitigation systems. The goal for workers isto reduce exposures to radon and its progeny to levels as low as reasonably achievable.5.2 The methods, systems, designs, and materials described here h
42、ave been shown to have a high probability of success inmitigating radon in attached and detached residential buildings, three stories or less in height (see EPA, “Radon ReductionTechniques for Existing Detached Houses, Technical Guidance (Third Edition) for Active Soil Depressurization Systems”).App
43、lication of these methods does not, however, guarantee reduction of radon levels below any specific level, since performancewill vary with site conditions, construction characteristics, weather, and building operation.5.3 When applying this practice, contractors also shall conform to all applicable
44、local, state, and federal regulations, and lawspertaining to residential building construction, remodeling, and improvement.6. Safety Hazards6.1 Contractors shall comply with all OSHA, state and local standards or regulations relating to worker safety and occupationalradon exposure. Applicable refer
45、ences in the Code of Federal Regulations include those in 2.2. Contractors also shall followoccupational radon guidance in 2.2.6.2 In addition to OSHA standards and NIOSH recommendations, the following requirements specifically applicable to thesafety and protection of radon mitigation workers shall
46、 be met:6.2.1 The contractor shall advise workers of the hazards of exposure to radon and the importance of protective measures whenworking in areas of elevated radon concentrations. In addition, the contractor shall advise employees of other potential hazardsaccording to the hazard communication st
47、andard for the construction industry (see OSHA, “Hazard Communication Standard forthe Construction Industry”).6.2.2 The contractor shall ensure that appropriate safety equipment, such as ventilators, respirators, hard hats, face shields, andear plugs, are available on the job site during mitigation
48、activities.6.2.3 Work areas shall be ventilated to reduce worker exposure to radon, dust, or other airborne pollutants.6.2.4 Consistent with OSHA permissible exposure limits, contractors shall ensure that employees are exposed to no more thanfour working level months (WLM) over a 12-month period (or
49、 the equivalent 68 000 pCi/L-h, when converted at an equilibriumratio of 100 %.AWLM is calculated by multiplying the average working level to which a person has been exposed by the numberof hours exposed and dividing the product by 170 h.6.2.5 Contractors shall maintain records of employee exposure to radon sufficient to verify that field employees are exposed toless than 4 WLM in any 12-month period.6.2.6 Where ventilation cannot reduce radon levels to less than 0.3 WL, contractors shall provide the respiratory protection thatis required to comply with 6.
