1、Designation: E2178 13Standard Test Method forAir Permeance of Building Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is to determine the air permeance ofbuilding materials at various pressure differentials with theintent of determining an assigned a
3、ir permeance rate of thematerial at the reference pressure difference (P)of75Pa.1.2 The method is intended to assess flexible sheet or rigidpanel-type materials using a 1m1mspecimen size.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurements are included in t
4、hisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.
5、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E283 Test Method for Determining Rate of Air LeakageThrough Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and DoorsUnder Specified Pressure Differences Across the Speci-menE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1677 Specification forAir Barrier (AB) Material or Systemf
6、or Low-Rise Framed Building Walls3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to buildingconstruction used in this test method, refer to TerminologyE631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air permeancethe rate of air flow (L/s), per unit area(m2)
7、 and per unit static pressure differential (Pa).4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this test is to measure the air permeanceof flexible sheet or rigid panel-type materials. The results ofthis test may be useful in determining suitability of thatmaterial as a component of an air retarder syste
8、m.4.2 This method does not address the installed air leakageperformance of building materials. The installed performanceof air retarder materials and air retarder systems in low-riseframed wall construction is addressed in Specification E1677.5. Sampling5.1 The number of specimens to be tested shall
9、 be suitableto establish an air leakage rate which is representative of theproduct. In no case shall less than five specimens be tested.NOTE 1Because of the variability in the manufacture of a product, thenumber of specimens to be tested may vary from product to product.Certain materials may have st
10、andard methods for sampling that shall beused to sample these materials.6. Test Apparatus6.1 A schematic of the air leakage test apparatus is pre-sented in Fig. 1.6.1.1 Airtight Test ChamberThe airtight test chambershall be at least 320 mm deep and capable of receivinga1mby 1 m test specimen, anchor
11、ed to the test chamber by meansof a compression frame and clamping devices. The testchamber and compression frame shall be stiff enough to limitdeflection within the operating flexibility of the gaskets used toseal the test specimen to the chamber. Two parallel ribbons ofself-adhesive gasket materia
12、l shall be applied at all sealingpoints of the apparatus/test specimen assembly. The gasketribbons shall be made of medium-density gasket material thatcan be fused or glued at joints. The test apparatus shall containan over-pressure control device and windows to verify thespecimen installation.6.1.2
13、 Flow Measuring DevicesThe flow measuring de-vices used to gage the air flow through the test specimen shallbe capable of measuring air flow rate from110-6m3/s (.001L/s) up to 1.88 10-2m3/s (18.8 L/s), with an accuracy of 63 % of the reading.6.1.3 Pressure Measuring DevicesThe static pressure dif-fe
14、rential across the test specimen shall be measured by pressure1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.41on Air Leakage and Ventilation Performance.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013. Publishe
15、d March 2013. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2178 11. DOI:10.1520/E2178-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to t
16、he standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1measuring devices with an accuracy of 6 0.5 % of the pressurereading. The laboratory barometric pressure shall be measuredwith a dev
17、ice capable of measuring barometric pressure within6 3 % of the reading.6.1.4 PipingThe piping connecting the flow measuringdevices and the vacuum blower shall be airtight and containflow control devices to regulate the static pressure across thetest specimen within 60.5 % of the pressure reading. T
18、he pipeconnection to the test chamber shall contain an air filter toprevent dust or particulate matter from affecting the flowmeasuring device reading. The piping downstream and up-stream of the flow measuring device shall be designed so theflow regime does not affect the devices accuracy. The pipin
19、gshall contain a temperature measuring device capable ofmeasuring air temperature within 60.5C to convert all flowrate measurement to STP.6.1.5 Vacuum BlowerThe blower used to create a vacuumin the test chamber shall be able to produce static pressuredifferential across the test specimen within 60.5
20、 % of thepressure reading.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 Conditioning for TestsUnless otherwise stated, allspecimens to be tested shall be conditioned for a minimumperiod of seven days at 21 6 1C and 40 6 5 % RH.7.2 Flexible Sheet MaterialsDue to lack of rigidity, flex-ible materials shall be tested ove
21、r a rigid support having an airpermeance much greater than the test specimen. An open grillor wire mesh/screen, fabricated with welded wire having aminimum of 25 mm 25-mm-square grid (or an alternativemeans that provides an equivalent degree of support and airpermeance) shall be used for this purpos
22、e. The wire meshportion of the support shall be welded or otherwise mechani-cally secured to a solid metal frame which shall be gasketedand compressed within the test frame.Adetailed description ofthe support grill, including the gage wire used, shall beincluded in the test report. Fig. 2 shows the
23、preparation for atypical flexible sheet material. The following procedure shallbe used to seal the perimeter of the specimen:FIG. 1 General Configuration of Test ApparatusE2178 1327.2.1 Apply a self-adhesive gasket ribbon over the frame ofthe wire mesh/screen around the entire perimeter of the testa
24、rea under investigation (1m1m);7.2.2 Apply a second self-adhesive gasket ribbon along theperimeter of the first ribbon in 7.2.1;7.2.3 All joints in the gasket ribbons shall be fused or glued;7.2.4 Cut the flexible sheet material specimen to 1100 mm 1100 mm;7.2.5 Upon removal of the protective paper
25、over the self-adhesive gasket, install the specimen over the wire mesh/screen;7.2.6 Apply the self-adhesive gasket over the specimen so itlines up with the first ribbon in 7.2.1, and then apply a secondself-adhesive gasket along its perimeter;7.2.7 All joints in the gasket ribbons shall be fused or
26、glued;FIG. 2 Flexible Sheet Test SpecimenFIG. 3 Top View of Polyethylene Placement Over Specimen with Double Perimeter GasketsE2178 1337.2.8 Cut polyethylene film (0.15 mm (6 mils) to 1400 mm 1400 mm;7.2.9 Upon removal of the protective paper over the ribbon,cover the specimen with the polyethylene
27、film;7.2.10 Cut the polyethylene film at each corner as inaccordance with Fig. 3;7.2.11 Apply two self-adhesive gaskets to the underside ofthe wire mesh/screen support (the gaskets shall line up belowthe first ribbon installed in 7.2.1);7.2.12 Upon removal of the protective paper over thegasket, fol
28、d and tape each corner of the film with constructiontape to ensure complete airtightness as in accordance with Fig.4;7.2.13 From the interior line of the adhesive gasket, cut andremove all the excess polyethylene film.7.3 Rigid Panel-Type MaterialsFig. 5 shows the prepara-tion for a typical rigid pa
29、nel-type material. The followingprocedure shall be used to seal the perimeter of the specimen:7.3.1 Apply a self-adhesive gasket ribbon over the rigidpanel-type test specimen around the entire perimeter of the areaunder investigation (1m1m);7.3.2 All joints in the gasket ribbons shall be fused or gl
30、ued;7.3.3 Cut polyethylene film (0.15 mm (6 mils) to 1400 mm 1400 mm;7.3.4 Upon removal of the protective paper over the self-adhesive gasket ribbon, cover the specimen with the polyeth-ylene film;7.3.5 Cut the polyethylene film at each corner as in accor-dance with Fig. 3;7.3.6 Apply a second self-
31、adhesive gasket ribbon to theunderside of the specimen (the ribbon shall be applied directlybelow the first ribbon installed in 7.3.1), and seal cornerjunctions by fusing or gluing;7.3.7 Upon removal of the protective paper over the self-adhesive gasket ribbon, fold and tape each corner of the filmw
32、ith construction tape to ensure complete airtightness as as inaccordance with Fig. 4;7.3.8 From the interior line of the self-adhesive gasketribbon, cut and remove all the excess polyethylene film.8. Test Procedure8.1 Control TestsThe laboratory shall confirm the integ-rity and accuracy of the appar
33、atus by verifying the following:8.1.1 The impact of the open mesh/screen on the air leakagerate measurements shall be assessed. If not negligible, it shallbe taken into account when calculating the air permeance.8.1.2 Calibrate the test apparatus according to the procedurein Section 9.8.2 Specimen T
34、estingThe testing on each specimen shallbe conducted as follows:8.2.1 Install the sealed test specimen on the test chamber;8.2.2 Install the compression frame over the specimen;8.2.3 Check through the window if the specimen is properlyplaced;8.2.4 Anchor the specimen to the test chamber and com-pres
35、s the gaskets, as required;8.2.5 Measure the extraneous air leakage (Qei) of the testapparatus/specimen at various static pressure differentials (P)as follows: 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 300 Pa.8.2.6 Cut the top section of the polyethylene film;8.2.7 Measure the total air leakage (Qti) at various stat
36、icpressure differentials (P), and correct the air flow rate valuesto STP. The air permeance of each specimen shall be deter-mined with a minimum of six measurements when conductedin accordance with Test Method E283. The six measurementsshall be taken as follows: 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 300 Pa.NOTE
37、2Acalculation to correct air flow rate values to STPis providedin Section 12.1 of Test Method E283.8.2.8 After measuring the air leakage at the maximum staticpressure differential (P), 300 Pa, remeasure the air leakage at100, 75, and 50 Pa to determine if the measurement process haseffected the air
38、leakage of the material. If the differenceFIG. 4 Bottom View of Polyethylene Seal at Double-Perimeter Gaskets on Underside of Rigid Panel-Type Specimen or Open Mesh/Screen for Flexible Sheet Specimen Set-upE2178 134between the two air leakage measurements is greater than10 %, the cause of the air le
39、akage rate change shall beidentified.9. Calibration9.1 Calibration shall be performed by mounting a rigidmetal blank to the test apparatus in place of a test specimen,using the same mounting procedures as used for standardspecimens. Orifice plates or gas flow standards with anaccuracy of 60.5 % shal
40、l be used as reference standards. Thereference standard shall be NIST traceable. The blank shallhave a suitable opening for mounting of the reference standardwhich can be tightly sealed.9.2 Calibration of the air leakage test equipment shallconsist of determining the flow through the air flow system
41、 tobe calibrated using all applicable reference standards for thedesign range of the flow metering apparatus. Flow should becalibrated at three points for each flowmeter: minimum (010% of range used for measurements at 25 Pa), midpoint (3565% of range used for measurements at 100 Pa), maximum(90100
42、% of range used for measurements at 300 Pa).9.3 Fasten the reference standard to the blank panel. Seal theinlet in a suitable manner so that an extraneous reading on theair flow system can be obtained. Measure the amount of suchleakage with reference standard sealed, at the air pressuredifference to
43、 be applied during calibration. The extraneousleakage shall not exceed 0.001 L/s at 25 Pa and 0.005 L/s at300 Pa. Leakage rates in excess of these limits indicate systemleakage shall be found and corrected. After determining theextraneous leakage, unseal the reference standard and repeatthe process
44、to determine the total measured flow for eachrequired point.FIG. 5 Rigid Panel-Type Specimen Test Set-upTABLE 1 Example Calibration Grid Using Orifice PlatesNOTE 1Flow ranges are for example only and do not reflect an actual test apparatus.Flowmeter,#MinimumFlow Reading,L/sMaximumFlow Reading,L/sOri
45、fice Diameter,mmMinimumOrifice Flowat 25 PaMidpointOrifice Flowat 100 PAMaximumOrifice Flowat 300 PA1 0.001 0.005 0.67 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.0052 0.006 0.029 1.6 0.006 0.008 0.014 0.021 0.027 0.0293 0.030 0.149 3.6 0.030 0.042 0.072 0.107 0.137 0.1494 0.150 0.751 8.2 0.150 0.210 0.360 0.541 0.691 0.75
46、15 0.752 3.75 18.5 0.752 1.052 1.801 2.701 3.450 3.7506 3.76 18.8 41 3.760 5.264 9.024 13.54 17.30 18.80E2178 1359.4 The measured flow at each condition shall be deter-mined with an error not greater than 5 %.9.5 Alternate means may be used for calibrating the air flowmeasuring system as long as the
47、y can be proven to provide thesame level of accuracy and are traceable to NIST.9.6 Calibration shall be performed at least once every sixmonths using the method described above. Alternative orificemounting conditions may be used during interim calibrationperiods for air flow checking purposes.9.7 Th
48、e following shall apply to the use of orifice plates:9.7.1 Each NIST traceable orifice plate shall be constructedof 3 mm thick stainless steel having an outside diameter of 200mm and interior square edge diameters suitable for testing thefull range of the apparatus and each independent flowmeter int
49、he system.9.7.2 The rigid metal blank shall have a 150-mm diameterhole(s) over which orifice plates shall be mounted.9.7.3 The orifice plate shall be mounted to the blank,centered over the 150-mm diameter hole.9.7.4 For extraneous leakage readings, seal the hole in theorifice plate with a suitable adhesive tape. After determiningthe extraneous leakage, remove the adhesive tape from the holein the orifice plate and repeat the process to determine the totalmeasured flow.10. Calculation of Air Permeance10.1 At e
