1、Designation: E 2231 07aAn American National StandardStandard Practice forSpecimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and DuctInsulation Materials to Assess Surface BurningCharacteristics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2231; the number immediately following the designation indica
2、tes the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for spec
3、imen prepa-ration and mounting when testing pipe and duct insulationmaterials to assess flame spread and smoke development assurface burning characteristics using Test Method E84.1.2 Testing is conducted with Test Method E84.1.3 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that canbe used as a
4、regulatory tool.1.4 Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the stan-dard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of unitsare given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitativemeasures.1.6
5、Fire testing of products and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testinginvolves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Thisstandard gives instructions on specimen preparation andmounting, but
6、the fire-test-response method is given in TestMethod E84. See also Section 8.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredrequirements of the standard.1.8 This s
7、tandard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This fire standard ca
8、nnot be used to provide quantitativemeasures.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 1186 Specification for Flat Non-Asbestos Fiber-CementSheetsC 1396/C 1396M Specification for Gypsum BoardE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuil
9、ding MaterialsE 136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI) TheModernized Metric System2.2 UL Standards:UL181 Standard for Safety for Factory-MadeAir Ducts andConnectors33. Terminolog
10、y3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice refer to the terminology contained in Terminology E 176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 composite, nas related to a pipe or duct insulation,see duct insulation system or pipe insulation system.3.2.2 duct, nas re
11、lated to heating ventilating, air condi-tioning or exhaust systems, a passageway made of sheet metalor other suitable material used for conveying air or other gases.3.2.3 duct insulation system, nas related to fire testing,system intended to insulate and cover, continuously for anextended length, th
12、e outside surface of a duct; the system shallhave an insulation core, with or without a covering or vaporretarder facing which includes longitudinal closure systems (if1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05
13、.22 on SurfaceBurning.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E 2231-07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo
14、ok of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
15、19428-2959, United States.used) and perhaps other duct insulation supplementary mate-rials such as adhesives, fasteners, or tapes (if used).3.2.3.1 DiscussionDuct system components, includingtapes, sealants, and fitting covers, that do not cover the ductcontinuously for an extended length, but which
16、 are associatedwith the duct insulation system are considered separately (seeduct insulation supplementary materials). An extended lengthis not intended to imply a length of 25 ft, but a length of at least3 ft.3.2.4 duct insulation supplementary materials, nas re-lated to fire testing, components, i
17、ncluding tapes and sealantsused for transverse joints as well as fitting covers that areintermittently spaced, as needed, within the duct insulationsystem, as well as adhesives used to bond the insulation to theduct substrate and that do not cover the duct continuously foran extended length.3.2.5 du
18、ct lining, nmaterial such as an insulation, coatingor film, including adhesive, used to line the inside surface of aduct.3.2.6 insulation blanket, na relatively flat and flexibleinsulation in coherent sheet form furnished in units of substan-tial area.43.2.7 pipe, nas related to heating, ventilating
19、, or airconditioning systems, a cylindrical conduit for the conveyanceof liquids or semi-solids.3.2.8 pipe insulation system, nas related to fire testing,system intended to insulate and cover, continuously for anextended length, the outside surface of a pipe; the system shallhave an insulation core,
20、 with or without a covering or vaporretarder facing which includes longitudinal closure systems (ifused) and perhaps other pipe insulation supplementary mate-rials such as adhesives, fasteners, or tapes (if used).3.2.8.1 DiscussionPipe system components, includingtapes, sealants, and fitting covers,
21、 that do not cover the pipecontinuously for an extended length, but which are associatedwith the pipe insulation system are considered separately (seepipe insulation supplementary materials). An extended lengthis not intended to imply a length of 25 ft, but a length of at least3 ft.3.2.9 pipe insula
22、tion supplementary materials, nas re-lated to fire testing, components, including tapes and sealantsused for transverse joints as well as fitting covers that areintermittently spaced, as needed, within the pipe insulationsystem, as well as adhesives used to bond the insulation to thepipe substrate a
23、nd that do not cover the pipe continuously foran extended length.3.2.10 self-supporting specimen, na specimen that re-mains in place by its own structural characteristics both beforeand during the fire test.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen prepa-ration and mo
24、unting when testing pipe and duct insulationmaterials to assess flame spread and smoke development assurface burning characteristics using Test Method E84.4.2 Pipe or duct insulation systems (or composites related topipe or duct insulation) consist of an insulation core, with orwithout a jacket, and
25、 with or without an adhesive. Pipe or ductinsulation systems shall be tested in accordance with thespecimen preparation and mounting procedures described inthis practice, using Test Method E84.4.3 Supplementary materials for pipe or duct insulationsystems, including tapes, joint sealants, and fittin
26、g covers, thatare intermittently spaced, shall be tested for flame spread andsmoke development as single-component systems, using TestMethod E84.5. Significance and Use5.1 Pipe and duct insulation systems are often evaluatedwith Test Method E84to comply with building or mechanicalcode requirements.
27、This practice describes, in detail, specimenpreparation and mounting procedures for single-componentpipe or duct insulation systems and for multi-component pipeor duct insulation systems.5.2 The material, system, composite, or assembly testedshall be representative of the completed insulation system
28、 usedin actual field installations, in terms of the components,including their respective thicknesses.5.3 Pipe and duct insulation systems consist of a variety ofmaterials and constructions.5.4 Some testing laboratories have developed a number ofprotocols for testing pipe or duct insulation systems
29、whichutilize one generic type of materials, all of them with aninsulation core and a jacket. Those protocols are the origin ofthis practice, which makes them generic, to reduce materialbias in the standard; they have resulted in the procedurespresented in 6.1. The procedures presented in 6.2-6.5 add
30、ressother types of pipe or duct insulation systems.5.5 This practice addresses specimen preparation andmounting of systems of the types described in 5.5.1-5.5.3 andtesting of supplementary materials as described in 5.6.5.5.1 Multi-component systems containing an insulationcore and a jacket, with or
31、without adhesive between insulationcore and jacket, not intended to be bonded to a pipe or ductsubstrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such sys-tems is described in 6.1 if they are self-supporting and in 6.2 ifthey are not self-supporting.5.5.2 Single component systems, not intended to be b
32、ondedto a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mountingfor such systems is described in 6.3 if they are self-supportingand in 6.4 if they are not self-supporting.5.5.3 Systems intended to be bonded to a pipe or ductsubstrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such sys-tems is describ
33、ed in 6.5.5.5.4 Specimen preparation and mounting procedures forsystems not described in this practice shall be added as theinformation becomes available.5.6 Supplementary Materials:5.6.1 It is recognized that supplementary materials for pipeor duct insulation systems are normally able to generate h
34、eat,flame or smoke. Thus, the fire safety of the entire systemdepends, at least to some extent, on the fire performance ofsupplementary materials. Consequently, the fire-test-responsecharacteristics of all supplementary materials shall be assessed4This definition is similar to the definition of “bla
35、nket insulation” in Terminol-ogy C 168 from committee C16 on Thermal Insulation.E 2231 07a2to obtain a full assessment of the fire-test-response of the pipeor duct insulation system. See Appendix X1.5.6.2 Supplementary materials are often present intermit-tently spaced, and not for an extended lengt
36、h, in a pipe or ductinsulation system. Thus, it is not always possible to suitablytest them in conjunction with a pipe or duct insulation system.5.6.3 Testing of Supplementary MaterialsSupplementarymaterials that have not been fully tested in conjunction with thepipe or duct insulation system, in ac
37、cordance with Section 6,shall be tested for flame spread and smoke development assingle-component systems, in accordance with Test MethodE84.5.7 The limitations for this procedure are those associatedwith Test Method E84.6. Specimen Preparation and Mounting6.1 Self-supporting multi-component systems
38、, not intendedto be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate:56.1.1 Hollow cylindrical insulation core inside a jacket, witha longitudinal joint system, to be used without adhesivebetween jacket and insulation core:6.1.1.1 In this construction, the insulation board specimens,20 to 24 in. (510 to 610 mm) b
39、y the appropriate length, shallbe produced in a flat cross-section with the jacket (facing) witha seam created at the approximate longitudinal centerline usingthe same method of closure used in actual field installations.The jacket (facing) shall be mechanically attached to theinsulation core using
40、0.5 in. (13 mm) divergent point steelflared staples. The staples shall be applied, around the perim-eter of the board, at 6 6 3 in. (152 6 76 mm) on centerspacing, as well as adjacent to and along both sides of thelongitudinal seam, at approximately 1 in. from the seam (seeFig. 1).6.1.1.2 Mount the
41、specimens on the ledges of the TestMethod E84 furnace without using an auxiliary supportmechanism.6.1.2 Hollow cylindrical insulation core inside a jacket, witha full coat adhesive attaching the jacket to the insulation core:6.1.2.1 In this construction, the insulation board specimens,20 to 24 in. (
42、510 to 610 mm) by the appropriate length, shallbe produced in a flat cross-section with the jacket (facing)adhered to one side of the insulation core (see Fig. 2).6.1.2.2 Each test shall be conducted using a factory or fieldjoint along the longitudinal centerline of the test specimen,with a longitud
43、inal seam created in the approximate centerlineusing the same method of closure used in actual field installa-tions.6.1.2.3 It shall be permitted to represent the field joint byintroducing a longitudinal slit cut along the longitudinalcenterline of the specimen jacket and applying the manufac-turers
44、 recommended field closure system (if applicable).66.1.2.4 For each test, mount the specimens on the ledges ofthe Test Method E84 furnace without using an auxiliarysupport mechanism.6.1.3 Hollow cylindrical insulation core inside a jacket, withlongitudinal adhesive beads or stripes in a stitch patte
45、rnattaching the jacket to the insulation core:6.1.3.1 In this construction, the insulation board specimens,20 to 24 in. (510 to 610 mm) by the appropriate length, shallbe produced in a flat cross-section with the jacket (facing)laminated to one side of the insulation core. The adhesive beador stripe
46、 spacing shall be the same as used in the actual fieldinstallation. Divergent point steel flared staples, 0.5 in. (135The specimen preparation and mounting procedures in 6.1, including poten-tially slitting the facing or jacket, mirror those used by Underwriters Laboratories,and described in their d
47、ocuments “BRER GuideInfoPipe and EquipmentCoveringsBuilding Materials (Surface Burning Characteristics)” and “BIYRGuideInfoAcoustical MaterialsBuilding Materials (Surface Burning Charac-teristics).” Similar concepts are also used in the testing of Factory-made Air Ductsand Air Connectors by Test Met
48、hod E84in UL 181.6This testing is intended to investigate the contribution of all combustibles to theflame spread and smoke developed by the system to be used in the actual fieldinstallation.FIG. 1 Insulation and Jacket with No Adhesive (see 6.1.1.1)E 2231 07a3mm) in size, shall be applied, around t
49、he perimeter of theboard, at 6 6 3 in. (152 6 76 mm) on center spacing, as wellas adjacent to and along both sides of the longitudinal seam, atapproximately 1 in. from the seam (see Fig. 3).6.1.3.2 For each test, mount the specimens on the ledges ofthe Test Method E84 furnace without using an auxiliarysupport mechanism.6.1.4 Insulation core board with a jacket laminated to theinsulation:6.1.4.1 In this system the resulting longitudinal seam shallbe closed with either an adhesive tape or a vapor retarder lapadhesive. In this construction, the insulation board s
