1、Designation: E2231 09An American National StandardStandard Practice forSpecimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and DuctInsulation Materials to Assess Surface BurningCharacteristics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2231; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、 the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen
3、 prepa-ration and mounting when testing pipe and duct insulationmaterials to assess flame spread and smoke development assurface burning characteristics using Test Method E84.1.2 If the pipe or duct insulation materials to be tested arereflective insulation materials (see 3.2.10 and 3.2.11), themate
4、rials shall be tested using the procedures for specimenpreparation and mounting described in Practice E2599 and notthe procedures described in 6.1 through 6.6.1.3 Testing is conducted with Test Method E84.1.4 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that canbe used as a regulatory tool.1.5
5、Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the stan-dard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of unitsare given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.1.6 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitativemeasures.1.7 Fire testing of prod
6、ucts and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testinginvolves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Thisstandard gives instructions on specimen preparation andmounting, but the fire-test-respon
7、se method is given in TestMethod E84. See also Section 8.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredrequirements of the standard.1.9 This standard does not pur
8、port to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This fire standard cannot be used to pro
9、vide quantita-tive measures.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC1186 Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement SheetsC1224 Specification for Reflective Insulation for BuildingApplicationsC1396/C1396M Specification for Gypsum BoardE84 Test Method for S
10、urface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE2599 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofReflective Insulation Materials and Radiant Barrier Mate-rials for Building Applicat
11、ions to Assess Surface BurningCharacteristicsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI) TheModernized Metric System2.2 UL Standards:UL181 Standard for Safety for Factory-MadeAir Ducts andConnectors33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice refer to the term
12、inology contained in Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 composite, nas related to a pipe or duct insulation,see duct insulation system or pipe insulation system.3.2.2 duct, nas related to heating ventilating, air condi-tioning or exhaust systems, a passageway m
13、ade of sheet metalor other suitable material used for conveying air or other gases.3.2.3 duct insulation system, nas related to fire testing,system intended to insulate and cover, continuously for an1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct res
14、ponsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on SurfaceBurning.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E2231-07a. DOI:10.1520/E2231-07A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact A
15、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.1Copyright ASTM International, 100
16、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.extended length, the outside surface of a duct; the system shallhave an insulation core, with or without a covering or vaporretarder facing which includes longitudinal closure systems (ifused) and perhaps other duct insu
17、lation supplementary mate-rials such as adhesives, fasteners, or tapes (if used).3.2.3.1 DiscussionDuct system components, includingtapes, sealants, and fitting covers, that do not cover the ductcontinuously for an extended length, but which are associatedwith the duct insulation system are consider
18、ed separately (seeduct insulation supplementary materials). An extended lengthis not intended to imply a length of 25 ft, but a length of at least3 ft.3.2.4 duct insulation supplementary materials, nas re-lated to fire testing, components, including tapes and sealantsused for transverse joints as we
19、ll as fitting covers that areintermittently spaced, as needed, within the duct insulationsystem, as well as adhesives used to bond the insulation to theduct substrate and that do not cover the duct continuously foran extended length.3.2.5 duct lining, nmaterial such as an insulation, coatingor film,
20、 including adhesive, used to line the inside surface of aduct.3.2.6 insulation blanket, na relatively flat and flexibleinsulation in coherent sheet form furnished in units of substan-tial area.43.2.7 pipe, nas related to heating, ventilating, or airconditioning systems, a cylindrical conduit for the
21、 conveyanceof liquids or semi-solids.3.2.8 pipe insulation system, nas related to fire testing,system intended to insulate and cover, continuously for anextended length, the outside surface of a pipe; the system shallhave an insulation core, with or without a covering or vaporretarder facing which i
22、ncludes longitudinal closure systems (ifused) and perhaps other pipe insulation supplementary mate-rials such as adhesives, fasteners, or tapes (if used).3.2.8.1 DiscussionPipe system components, includingtapes, sealants, and fitting covers, that do not cover the pipecontinuously for an extended len
23、gth, but which are associatedwith the pipe insulation system are considered separately (seepipe insulation supplementary materials). An extended lengthis not intended to imply a length of 25 ft, but a length of at least3 ft.3.2.9 pipe insulation supplementary materials, nas re-lated to fire testing,
24、 components, including tapes and sealantsused for transverse joints as well as fitting covers that areintermittently spaced, as needed, within the pipe insulationsystem, as well as adhesives used to bond the insulation to thepipe substrate and that do not cover the pipe continuously foran extended l
25、ength.3.2.10 reflective insulation, nthermal insulation consist-ing of one or more low emittance surfaces bounding one ormore enclosed air spaces.3.2.10.1 DiscussionReflective insulation materials are de-fined in Specification C1224.3.2.11 reflective plastic core insulation, nan insulationmaterial p
26、ackaged in rolls, that is less than 0.5 in. (12.7 mm)thick, with at least one exterior low emittance surface (0.1 orless) and a core material containing voids or cells.3.2.11.1 DiscussionReflective plastic core insulation ma-terials are one specific type of reflective insulation materials.3.2.12 sel
27、f-supporting specimen, na specimen that re-mains in place by its own structural characteristics both beforeand during the fire test.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen prepa-ration and mounting when testing pipe and duct insulationmaterials to assess flame sprea
28、d and smoke development assurface burning characteristics using Test Method E84.4.2 Pipe or duct insulation systems (or composites related topipe or duct insulation) consist of an insulation core, with orwithout a jacket, and with or without an adhesive. Pipe or ductinsulation systems shall be teste
29、d in accordance with thespecimen preparation and mounting procedures described inthis practice, using Test Method E84.4.3 Supplementary materials for pipe or duct insulationsystems, including tapes, joint sealants, and fitting covers, thatare intermittently spaced, shall be tested for flame spread a
30、ndsmoke development as single-component systems, using TestMethod E84.5. Significance and Use5.1 Pipe and duct insulation systems are often evaluatedwith Test Method E84 to comply with building or mechanicalcode requirements. This practice describes, in detail, specimenpreparation and mounting proce
31、dures for single-componentpipe or duct insulation systems and for multi-component pipeor duct insulation systems.5.2 The material, system, composite, or assembly testedshall be representative of the completed insulation system usedin actual field installations, in terms of the components,including t
32、heir respective thicknesses.5.3 Pipe and duct insulation systems consist of a variety ofmaterials and constructions.5.4 Some testing laboratories have developed a number ofprotocols for testing pipe or duct insulation systems whichutilize one generic type of materials, all of them with aninsulation
33、core and a jacket. Those protocols are the origin ofthis practice, which makes them generic, to reduce materialbias in the standard; they have resulted in the procedurespresented in 6.1. The procedures presented in 6.2-6.5 addressother types of pipe or duct insulation systems.5.5 This practice addre
34、sses specimen preparation andmounting of systems of the types described in 5.5.1-5.5.3 andtesting of supplementary materials as described in 5.6.5.5.1 Multi-component systems containing an insulationcore and a jacket, with or without adhesive between insulationcore and jacket, not intended to be bon
35、ded to a pipe or ductsubstrate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such sys-tems is described in 6.1 if they are self-supporting and in 6.2 ifthey are not self-supporting.5.5.2 Single component systems, not intended to be bondedto a pipe or duct substrate. Specimen preparation and mounting4This d
36、efinition is similar to the definition of “blanket insulation” in Terminol-ogy C168 from committee C16 on Thermal Insulation.E2231 092for such systems is described in 6.3 if they are self-supportingand in 6.4 if they are not self-supporting.5.5.3 Systems intended to be bonded to a pipe or ductsubstr
37、ate. Specimen preparation and mounting for such sys-tems is described in 6.5.5.5.4 Reflective insulation materials (see 3.2.10 and 3.2.11)shall be tested using the procedures for specimen preparationand mounting described in Practice E2599.5.5.5 Specimen preparation and mounting procedures forsystem
38、s not described in this practice shall be added as theinformation becomes available.5.6 Supplementary Materials:5.6.1 It is recognized that supplementary materials for pipeor duct insulation systems are normally able to generate heat,flame or smoke. Thus, the fire safety of the entire systemdepends,
39、 at least to some extent, on the fire performance ofsupplementary materials. Consequently, the fire-test-responsecharacteristics of all supplementary materials shall be assessedto obtain a full assessment of the fire-test-response of the pipeor duct insulation system. See Appendix X1.5.6.2 Supplemen
40、tary materials are often present intermit-tently spaced, and not for an extended length, in a pipe or ductinsulation system. Thus, it is not always possible to suitablytest them in conjunction with a pipe or duct insulation system.5.6.3 Testing of Supplementary MaterialsSupplementarymaterials that h
41、ave not been fully tested in conjunction with thepipe or duct insulation system, in accordance with Section 6,shall be tested for flame spread and smoke development assingle-component systems, in accordance with Test MethodE84.5.7 The limitations for this procedure are those associatedwith Test Meth
42、od E84.6. Specimen Preparation and Mounting6.1 Self-supporting multi-component systems, not intendedto be bonded to a pipe or duct substrate:56.1.1 Hollow cylindrical insulation core inside a jacket, witha longitudinal joint system, to be used without adhesivebetween jacket and insulation core:6.1.1
43、.1 In this construction, the insulation board specimens,20 to 24 in. (510 to 610 mm) by the appropriate length, shallbe produced in a flat cross-section with the jacket (facing) witha seam created at the approximate longitudinal centerline usingthe same method of closure used in actual field install
44、ations.The jacket (facing) shall be mechanically attached to theinsulation core using 0.5 in. (13 mm) divergent point steelflared staples. The staples shall be applied, around the perim-eter of the board, at 6 6 3 in. (152 6 76 mm) on centerspacing, as well as adjacent to and along both sides of the
45、longitudinal seam, at approximately 1 in. from the seam (seeFig. 1).6.1.1.2 Mount the specimens on the ledges of the TestMethod E84 furnace without using an auxiliary support mecha-nism.6.1.2 Hollow cylindrical insulation core inside a jacket, witha full coat adhesive attaching the jacket to the ins
46、ulation core:6.1.2.1 In this construction, the insulation board specimens,20 to 24 in. (510 to 610 mm) by the appropriate length, shall5The specimen preparation and mounting procedures in 6.1, including poten-tially slitting the facing or jacket, mirror those used by Underwriters Laboratories,and de
47、scribed in their documents “BRER GuideInfoPipe and EquipmentCoveringsBuilding Materials (Surface Burning Characteristics)” and “BIYRGuideInfoAcoustical MaterialsBuilding Materials (Surface Burning Charac-teristics).” Similar concepts are also used in the testing of Factory-made Air Ductsand Air Conn
48、ectors by Test Method E84 in UL 181.FIG. 1 Insulation and Jacket with No Adhesive (see 6.1.1.1)E2231 093be produced in a flat cross-section with the jacket (facing)adhered to one side of the insulation core (see Fig. 2).6.1.2.2 Each test shall be conducted using a factory or fieldjoint along the lon
49、gitudinal centerline of the test specimen,with a longitudinal seam created in the approximate centerlineusing the same method of closure used in actual field installa-tions.6.1.2.3 It shall be permitted to represent the field joint byintroducing a longitudinal slit cut along the longitudinalcenterline of the specimen jacket and applying the manufac-turers recommended field closure system (if applicable).66.1.2.4 For each test, mount the specimens on the ledges ofthe Test Method E84 furnace without using an auxiliarysupport mechanism.6.1.3 Hollow cylindric
