1、Designation: E 2268 04Standard Test Method forWater Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, andDoors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2268; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-tance of exterior windows, s
3、kylights, and doors to waterpenetration when water is applied to the outdoor face andexposed edges simultaneously with a rapid pulsed air pressureat the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.1.2 This test method is applicable to windows, skylights, ordoors alone. Those interested
4、in testing curtain walls to rapidpulsed air pressure differences should use AAMA 501.1-94.1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through amanufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly,but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may haveadverse effects on the performance
5、 of contained materials suchas sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test methoddoes not address these issues.1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledgeof the principles of pressure measurement.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-
6、pound equivalents of SI units may beapproximate.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of reg
7、ulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions2.2 AAMA Standard:3AAMA 501.1-94 Standard Test Method for Exterior Win-dows, Curtain Walls and Doors for Water PenetrationUsing Dynamic Pressure3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor defi
8、nitions of general terms relating tobuilding construction used in this test method, see TerminologyE 631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 pulsed, vsubjected to a transition from one level ofdifferential air pressure to another and back within a prescribedtime period.3.2.2 pul
9、se generator, ntest apparatus capable of produc-ing rapid changes of air pressure between two prescribed levelswithin a specified time period (see Fig. 3).3.2.3 specimen, nthe entire assembled unit submitted fortest as described in Section 8.3.2.4 test pressure difference, nthe specified difference
10、indynamic air pressure across the closed and locked or fixedspecimen expressed as Pascals (lbf/ft2).3.2.5 water penetration, npenetration of water beyond aplane parallel to the glazing intersecting the innermost projec-tion of the test specimen, not including interior trim andhardware, under the spe
11、cified conditions of air pressure differ-ence across the specimen. For products with non-planar glaz-ing surfaces (domes, vaults, pyramids, and so forth) the planedefining water penetration is the plane defined by the innermostedges of the unit frame.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method con
12、sists of sealing the test specimeninto or against one face of a test chamber and supplying air toor exhausting air from the chamber at a rapid cyclic rate acrossthe specimen for the time specified, while spraying water ontothe outdoor face of the specimen at the required rate andobserving any water
13、penetration.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determiningthe resistance to water penetration during rapid cyclic pulses ofdynamic air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformanc
14、e of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published March, 2004.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
15、serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Availabe from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA),1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550 Schaumburg, IL 60173.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Ba
16、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factorsshould be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressuredifference to be used.5.2 The median test pressure used in this test method isdefined as the spec
17、ified test pressure supplied by the user andrelated to the maximum positive building design pressure. Thistest method departs from the format of other ASTM waterpenetration resistance test methods based on a maximum testpressure related to a maximum positive building design pres-sure.5.3 As the spec
18、ified or median test pressure is increased, themaximum test pressure in this procedure is also increased to1.5 times the specification median test pressure. This highermaximum test pressure may not be representative of actualbuilding service conditions. For this reason the maximumrecommended median
19、test pressure is 480 Pa (10 psf), whichcorresponds to a maximum test pressure of 720 Pa (15 psf).5.4 The pulsed pressure of this test method may act to pumpwater past dry seals and breather systems of units incorporatingthese features, thereby making the test method more severethan a static pressure
20、 test method. On the other hand, the lowpressure portions of the pressure cycles of this test method mayallow weep systems and drainage dams to dissipate water fromNOTEFor a negative pressure system, the water-spray grid would be located outside the chamber and the air supply would be replaced by an
21、air-exhaust system.FIG. 1 General Arrangement of the Water Leakage Apparatus Positive Chamber SystemE2268042units incorporating these features, thereby making the testmethod less severe than a static pressure test method.NOTE 1In applying the results of tests by this test method, note thatthe perfor
22、mance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a functionof proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will alsodepend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance ofcomponents to deterioration by various causes, (vibration, thermal expan-sion and contrac
23、tion, and so forth). It is difficult to accurately simulate theactual complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, withlarge wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressureswith increasing wind velocity and lateral or upward moving air and water.Some designs are more
24、sensitive than others to this upward moving water.FIG. 2 Catch Box for Calibrating Water-SprayNOTEThe operational check is performed between the pre-load and the cycle test. The pre-load pressure shall be increased and decreased at a rateof 10 Pa/s (0.20 psf/s) 6 2 Pa/s (0.04 psf/s). The rate of pre
25、ssure application during cycling shall be consistent with maintenance ofa2spulse duration.The median pressure value is the test pressure differential. The upper and lower limit values are equal to 150 % and 50 %, respectively, of the mediantest pressure differential across the specimen.FIG. 3 Pressu
26、re Application for Pre-load and Pressure CyclesE2268043NOTE 2This test does not identify unobservable liquid water whichmay penetrate into the test specimen.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of apparatus in this section is general innature and any arrangement of equipment capable of perform-ing the te
27、st procedure within the allowable tolerances ispermitted.6.2 Major Components (Fig. 1):6.2.1 Test ChamberA test chamber or box with an open-ing, a removable mounting panel, or one open side in which oragainst which the specimen is installed and sealed. At least onedynamic pressure tap shall be provi
28、ded to measure the oscil-lating chamber pressure, and shall be so located that thereading is unaffected by the velocity of the air supply to orfrom the chamber. The air supply opening into the chambershall be arranged so that the air does not impinge directly onthe test specimen with any significant
29、 velocity. A means ofaccess into the chamber may be provided to facilitate adjust-ments and observations after the specimen has been installed.6.2.2 Air SystemA controllable blower, compressed airsupply, exhaust system, or reversible blower designed toprovide the required maximum air pressure differ
30、ence acrossthe specimen. The system must provide fully reversible airflowat rapidly oscillating pressures for the required test period.6.2.3 Pressure Measuring ApparatusA device to measurethe test pressure difference within a tolerance of 62%or65Pa (60.02 in. of water column), whichever is greater.6
31、.2.4 Water Spray SystemThe water-spray system shalldeliver water uniformly against the exterior surface of the testspecimen at a minimum rate of 3.4 L/(m2min) 5.0 U.S.gal/(ft2h).6.2.4.1 The water-spray system shall have nozzles spacedon a uniform grid, located at a uniform distance from the testspec
32、imen, and shall be adjustable to provide the specifiedquantity of water in such a manner as to wet all of the testspecimen uniformly and to wet those areas vulnerable to waterpenetration. If additional nozzles are required to provideuniformity of water spray at the edge of the test specimen, theysha
33、ll be equally spaced around the entire spray grid.7. Hazards7.1 WarningGlass breakage will not normally occur atthe small pressure differences applied in this test. Excessivepressure differences may occur, however, due to error inoperation or when the apparatus is used for other purposes suchas stru
34、ctural testing; therefore, exercise adequate precautions toprotect personnel.8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units8.1 Test specimens shall be of sufficient size to determinethe performance of all typical parts of the fenestration system.8.1.1 Conditions of structural support shall be simulated
35、 asaccurately as possible.8.2 Window, skylight, door, or other component test speci-mens shall consist of the entire assembled unit, including frameand anchorage as supplied by the manufacturer for installationin the building.8.2.1 If only one specimen is to be tested, the selection shallbe determin
36、ed by the specifying authority.NOTE 3It should be recognized, especially with windows, that per-formance is likely to be a function of size and geometry. Therefore, selectspecimens covering the range of sizes to be used in a building. In general,the largest size of a particular design, type, constru
37、ction, and configurationto be used should be tested.9. Calibration and Standardization9.1 The ability of the test apparatus to meet the require-ments of 6.2.4 shall be checked by using a catch box, the openface of which shall be located at the position of the face of thetest specimen. The calibratio
38、n device is illustrated in Fig. 2.The catch box shall be designed to receive only waterimpinging on the plane of the test specimen face and to excludeall run-off water from above. The box shall be 610 mm (24 in.)square, divided into four areas each 305 mm (12 in.) square.Use a cover approximately 76
39、0 mm (30 in.) square to preventwater from entering the calibration box before and after thetimed observation interval. The water impinging on each areashall be captured separately. A spray that provides at least 1.26L/min (20 gal/h) total for the four areas and not less than 0.25L/min (4 gal/h) nor
40、more than 0.63 L/min (10 gal/h) in any onesquare shall be acceptable.9.1.1 The water-spray system shall be calibrated at bothupper corners and at the quarter point of the horizontal centerline (of the spray system). If a number of identical, contiguous,modular spray systems are used, only one module
41、 need becalibrated. The system shall be calibrated with the catch boxesat a distance within 50 mm (2 in.) of the test specimen locationfrom the nozzle. The reference point for location of the spraysystem from the specimen shall be measured from the exteriorglazing surface of the specimen farthest fr
42、om the spray systemnozzles. The water spray rack shall be installed parallel to theplane of the specimen. Recalibrate at intervals of not more than6 months.9.1.2 The device used to control pressure cycling shall becalibrated to apply pressure pulses in a modified sinusoidalpattern with a frequency o
43、f one complete cycle every 2 s,610% (see Fig. 3).10. Information Required10.1 The median test-pressure difference or differences atwhich water penetration is to be determined, unless otherwisespecified, shall be 140 Pa (2.86 lbf/ft2) and the upper and lowertest pressure differences shall be equal to
44、 650% (150% and50%, respectively) of the median test pressure differenceunless otherwise specified.10.2 Unless otherwise specified, failure criteria of this testmethod shall be defined as water penetration in accordancewith 3.2.5. Failure also occurs whenever water penetratesthrough the perimeter fr
45、ame of the test specimen. Watercontained within drained flashing, gutters, and sills is notconsidered failure.10.3 The periods of time during which the specimen is to besubjected to pressure difference(s) shall be specified.10.3.1 In no case shall there be fewer than three hundred testcycles.E226804
46、410.3.2 In no case shall the total time of pressure applicationbe less than 10 min.10.4 If this test method is to be used at other than ambienttemperatures, such temperature conditions shall be specified.11. Procedure11.1 Remove any sealing material or construction that is notnormally a part of the
47、assembly as installed in or on a building.Fit the specimen into or against the chamber opening with theoutdoor side of the specimen facing both the high pressure sideof the chamber and the water spray, and in such a manner thatno joints or openings are obstructed. Skylight specimens shallbe tested a
48、t the minimum angle from the horizontal for whichthey are designed to be installed. Seal the outer perimeter of thespecimen to the chamber and seal at no other points.NOTE 4Non-hardening mastic compounds or pressure-sensitive tapecan be used effectively to seal the test specimen to the chamber openi
49、ng,to seal the access door to the chamber, and to achieve air-tightness in theconstruction of the chamber. These materials can be used to seal a separatemounting panel to the chamber. Rubber gaskets with clamping devicesmay also be used for this purpose provided that the gasket is highlyflexible and has a small contact edge.11.2 Without disturbing the seal between the specimen andthe test chamber, adjust all operable units, included in the testspecimen, so that their operation conforms to the specificationrequirements. Adjust all hardware for maximum tightnesswith
