1、Designation: E2300 09 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forHighway Traffic Monitoring Devices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification describes the recommended proce-dure for identifying the performance and operating require-ments to be included
3、 in a purchase order for Traffic MonitoringDevices. As such, the specification can be referenced by theuser and seller when determining compliance with each speci-fied requirement. It is the intent of this specification to have theuser require the seller to provide evidence that the brand andmodel o
4、f TMD offered by the seller has passed an applicableType-approval Test. If the TMD has not previously passed aType-approval Test, then it is the intent of this specification tohave the device type-approved before it is accepted by the user.If the TMD has previously passed a Type-approval Test, thent
5、his specification requires that the production version of thedevice provided by the seller pass an On-site Verification Testbefore being accepted by the user.1.2 Traffc Monitoring DeviceA Traffic Monitoring De-vice (TMD) is equipment that counts and classifies vehiclesand measures vehicle flow chara
6、cteristics such as vehiclespeed, lane occupancy, turning movements, intervehicle gaps,and other parameters typically used to portray traffic move-ment. TMDs usually contain a sensing element that convertsthe signal-generating phenomenon (such as, air pulse generatedby a vehicle tire passing over a p
7、neumatic tube) into anelectrical signal and electronics that amplify, filter, and other-wise condition the signal. Some TMDs provide outputs as relayor solid-state switch closures, while others contain signalprocessing that translates the signal into the required vehicleand vehicle flow data. TMDs w
8、hose outputs are relay or solidstate switch closures may be connected to roadside controllers,which process the switch-closure information and convert itinto vehicle flow data.1.3 Characterization of Traffc Monitoring DevicesThisspecification classifies Traffic Monitoring Devices by thefunctions the
9、y perform, the data they provide, the requiredaccuracy of the data, and the conditions under which the deviceis expected to operate in conformity with the requirementsdeveloped through this specification.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in par
10、entheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pri
11、ate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE1318 Specification for Highway Weigh-In-Motion (WIM)Systems with User Requirements and Test Methods
12、E2532 Test Methods for Evaluating Performance of High-way Traffic Monitoring Devices3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms and definitions of terms specific tothis specification are given below.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 axle, naxis oriented transversely to the nominaldirection of vehicle motion, and ext
13、ending the full width of thevehicle, about which the wheels at both ends rotate. (E867,E1318)3.2.2 axle count, nnumber of vehicle axles enumerated ata point on a lane or roadway during a specified time interval.(E867)3.2.3 vehicle, none or more mobile units coupled togetherfor travel on a highway; a
14、 vehicle contains one powered unitand may include one or more non-powered full-trailer orsemi-trailer units. (E867)3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle- Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Su
15、bcommittee E17.52 onTraffic Monitoring.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017. Published January 2017. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2300 09. DOI:10.1520/E2300-09R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer
16、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed
17、in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.3.1 accepted reference
18、 value, na particular quantity(number of vehicles in a particular class defined by number ofaxles and interaxle spacings, vehicle count, lane occupancy, orvehicle speed) that is agreed upon by the user and seller inadvance of testing of a TMD, which has an uncertaintyappropriate for the given purpos
19、e.3.3.2 accuracy, ncloseness of agreement between a valueindicated by a TMD and an accepted reference value.3.3.3 correct detection, nan indication by a TMD that avehicle actually passing over the detection area of the TMD isdetected by the TMD.33.3.4 data item, ncharacteristic associated with indiv
20、idualvehicles (count, class, and speed) or the continuum of vehiclesat a location (density, flow rate, and queue length).3.3.5 detection area, nroad surface area above which asensor detects a vehicle or vehicle component.3.3.6 device identifier, ninformation output by a TMD thatincludes, as a minimu
21、m, the model and serial number of thedevice.3.3.7 electronics unit, ndevice that provides power to oneor more sensors, filters and amplifies the signals produced bythe sensors, and may perform other functions such as sensitiv-ity adjustment, failure indication, and delayed actuation oftraffic contro
22、l signals.43.3.8 false detection, nan indication by a TMD that avehicle not actually passing over the detection area of the TMDis detected by the TMD.33.3.9 flow rate, nnumber of vehicles passing a given pointor section of a lane or roadway during a designated timeinterval, usually 15 min, but expre
23、ssed as an equivalent hourlyrate in vehicles/h.3.3.10 lane occupancy, npercent of selected time intervalthat vehicles are detected in the detection area of a sensor; thetime interval during which the lane occupancy is measured isusually 20 s to 30 s.53.3.11 missed detection, nan indication by a TMD
24、that avehicle actually passing over the detection area of the TMD isnot detected by the TMD.33.3.12 sensor, ndevice for acquiring a signal that providesdata to indicate the presence or passage of a vehicle or of avehicle component over the detection area with respect to time(for example, flow rate o
25、r number of axles and their spacing),or one or more distinctive features of the vehicle such as heightor mass.3.3.13 speed, nrate of vehicle motion expressed as dis-tance per unit of time.3.3.14 time stamp, nrecorded date and time at which ameasurement was made; information and format may betailored
26、 to the application, but usually consists of month, day,year, hour, minute, second, and subsecond.3.3.15 tolerance, nallowable deviation of a value indi-cated by the device under test or a device in service from anaccepted reference value.3.3.16 traffc monitoring device, nequipment that countsand cl
27、assifies vehicles and measures vehicle flow characteris-tics such as vehicle speed, lane occupancy, turning movements,and other items typically used to portray traffic movement.3.3.17 vehicle class by axle, ncharacterization of a vehicleby its number of axles and interaxle spacing.3.3.18 vehicle cla
28、ss by length, ncharacterization of ve-hicles by their total length.3.3.19 vehicle count (volume), ntotal number of vehiclesobserved or predicted to pass a point on a lane or roadwayduring a specified time interval.3.3.20 vehicle passage, nsensor output pulse signal pro-duced when an initial vehicle
29、detection is made in the detectionarea of the sensor.3.3.21 vehicle presence, nsensor output signal producedthe entire time a vehicle is detected in the detection area of thesensor.4. Significance and Use4.1 The accuracy required of a TMD for data acquisitionand characterization of vehicles and traf
30、fic flow parameters isrelated to the traffic management or data reporting tasksupported by the device. The TMD to be procured shall bespecified by designating a Type from Table 1, a tolerance foreach data item required, and the conditions under which thedevice is expected to operate within the requi
31、rements devel-oped through this specification. For example, if a TrafficCounting device is desired to provide axle counts to within65 % tolerance, then specify a Type I-1, 5 % tolerance device.If a Speed Monitoring device is desired to provide the numberof vehicles correctly detected to within 65 %
32、tolerance andspeed to within 610 % tolerance, then specify a Type IV-1device witha5%tolerance on the number of individualvehicles correctly detected and a 10 % tolerance on vehiclespeed measurement. If a combination Speed Monitoring andTraffic Signal Control device is desired to provide the numberof
33、 vehicles correctly detected to within 65 % tolerance, speedto within 610 % tolerance, vehicle presence to within 610 %tolerance, and lane occupancy to within 620 % tolerance, thenspecify a combination Type IV-1 device witha5%toleranceon the number of individual vehicles correctly detected and a10 %
34、 tolerance on vehicle speed measurement and Type VI-1device with a 10 % vehicle presence tolerance and a 20 % laneoccupancy tolerance. The associated operating conditions shall3The terms correct detection, false detection, and missed detection, ratherthan the aggregated vehicle count metric, are rec
35、ommended as metrics fordetermining the ability of a TMD to accurately detect vehicles. Aggregatedmeasurements, such as vehicle count over a time interval, can obscure the actualaccuracy of a TMD since failures to detect are often canceled by false detections.Therefore, evaluation methods based upon
36、aggregated metrics can provide mislead-ing conclusions concerning the ability of a TMD to correctly detect vehicles.4Klein, L. A., Gibson, D., and Mills, M. K., Traffc Detector Handbook: ThirdEdition, FHWA-HRT-06-108 (Vol. I) and FHWA-HRT-06-139 (Vol. II), U.S.Department of Transportation, Federal H
37、ighway Administration, Washington, DC,Oct. 2006. Also available at: http:/www.tfhrc.gov/its/pubs/06108/ and http:/www.tfhrc.gov/its/pubs/06139/.5Different sensor models or technologies used to measure lane occupancy mayhave different detection area sizes and, hence, produce different occupancy value
38、s,although all devices are operating properly.E2300 09 (2017)2be specified by the user through consideration of requirementssuch as those shown in Table 2.TABLE 1 Traffic Monitoring Device Functions, Types, Detected Vehicle Characteristics, and Data Recorded/Specified Time IntervalFunction Type Dete
39、cted Vehicle Characteristic Data Recorded/Specified TimeIntervalAITraffic Counting I-1 axle passage number of axlesI-2 vehicle passage number of vehiclesI-3 vehicle presence number of vehiclesIITrafficCounting/ClassifyingII-1(classification by number ofaxlesand interaxle spacings)vehicle passage,num
40、ber of axles,and interaxle spacingsduring vehicle passagenumber of axles,number of vehicles per class,vehicle speed,vehicle class by number of axlesand interaxle spacingsII-2(classification by length)vehicle passageand speednumber of vehicles,vehicle speed,vehicle length and class,vehicle presence,l
41、ane occupancyIIIIncidentDetection DataIII-1 vehicle passage,presence, and speednumber of vehicles,vehicle speed,vehicle presence,or lane occupancyIVSpeed Monitoring IV-1 speed number of vehicles,vehicle speedVMetering Data(Ramp, Mainline, orFreeway-to-Freeway)V-1 vehicle presence number of vehicles,
42、vehicle presence,or lane occupancyVISignal Control Data VI-1 vehicle presence number of vehicles,vehicle presence,or lane occupancyVIIEnforcement Aid VII-1(speed)speed vehicle speedVII-2(red signal)location of front of vehicle,red signal indicationnumber of vehiclesand violationsVIII-3(dimension)veh
43、icle locationand specified overall dimensionsvehicle presence,specified overall dimensionsAThe user shall specify the recording of device identifier and time stamp data when needed.TABLE 2 Installation and Operating Requirements for Potential Inclusion in TMD Purchase SpecificationsEnvironment Insta
44、llationambient temperature weight and size limitationshumidity mounting or other installation constraintslighting power availabilitysun position and angle power surge and lightning resistanceprecipitation types (snow, rain, hail) input power interfaceother atmospheric obscurants (fog, dust) special
45、cables and connectorsvibration and shockwind Setup and Calibrationoperating and calibration softwareVehicle Characteristics operating, installation, and repair manualsvehicle class mixvehicle-to-vehicle gaps required to define vehicle flowrate and to evaluate TMD detection accuracyMiscellaneousfail
46、safe operation if device failsOutput Data Items warrantydata recording interval software upgrades and product maintenancedata communication link other pertinent items affecting installation,operation, maintenance, and storagedata interfacedata displayE2300 09 (2017)35. Ordering Information5.1 TypeTh
47、e user shall specify a TMD by a type identifier(that is, indicator of the vehicle characteristics detected by theTMD to support the function) as described in Table 1,atolerance for each required data item as described in 5.2, andthe conditions under which the device will be operated. Table1 also lis
48、ts the detected vehicle characteristics (that is, dataacquired by the TMD by which a vehicle or vehicle flowcondition is distinguished) and the data recorded per specifiedtime interval for each type of TMD. In addition, the user shallspecify the recording of a device identifier and time stamp datawh
49、en needed. The same data may support more than onefunction as shown by the entries in the last column of the table.The measurement units that typically correspond to TMD dataare listed in Table 3. Weigh-in-motion sensors and systems aretreated in Specification E1318.5.2 ToleranceThe user shall specify a tolerance for eachrequired data item output by the TMD. A TMD that records oroutputs multiple data items may have different tolerancesspecified for each data item as explained in Section 4.IftheTMD is a vehicle classifier, the to
