1、Designation: E2358 17Standard Specification forPerformance of Glazing in Permanent Railing Systems,Guards, and Balustrades1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2358; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers glass in permanent railingsystems, guards, and balustrades, including components
3、suchas rails and swing gates or other forms of required guardrailopening protection installed in agricultural, assembly,commercial, educational, industrial, institutional, recreational,and residential buildings, and other structures such as towers orelevated platforms.1.2 This specification is inten
4、ded to be applied to permanentglass or other glazing railing systems for buildings and to suchrailing systems, rails, guards, and balustrades having majorstructural components made of glass or other glazing material,or the secondary components such as infill or balusters made ofglass or other glazin
5、g material.1.3 This specification considers that the overall outlook isbased on the health and safety of all potential users ofbuildings. The criteria incorporated in this specification pro-vide for normal and anticipated building uses, but not forabuses for which the building and its components are
6、 notdesigned.1.4 This specification establishes basic minimum require-ments and criteria that lead to satisfactory products undernormal use conditions and does not give consideration todesign criteria for specific field conditions, the establishment ofwhich is the prerogative and responsibility of t
7、he designer,specification writer, and regulatory agencies.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and todetermi
8、ne the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations
9、issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE935 Test Methods for Performance of Permanent MetalRailing Systems and Rails for BuildingsE1481 Terminology of Railing Systems and R
10、ails for Build-ingsE1886 Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows,Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective SystemsImpacted by Missile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic PressureDifferentialsE1996 Specification for Performance of Exterior Windows,Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective SystemsImp
11、acted by Windborne Debris in HurricanesE2025 Test Method for Evaluating Fenestration Componentsand Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies (With-drawn 2015)3E2353 Test Methods for Performance of Glazing in Perma-nent Railing Systems, Guards, and Balustrades2.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI Z97.1 Glazing M
12、aterials Used in Buildings, SafetyPerformance Specifications and Methods of Test41This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.56on Performance of Railing Systems and Glass for Floors and Stairs.Cur
13、rent edition approved Aug. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2358 04(2010).DOI: 10.1520/E2358-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
14、l Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036,
15、http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theD
16、evelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral terms used in this standard testmethod are defined in Terminologies E631 and E1481. Termscommon to this standard
17、test method and referenced testmethods are defined in the respective documents unless definedherein.4. Design Requirements4.1 Railing Height:4.1.1 Guardrail Systems:4.1.1.1 The fabricated height of a guardrail system, mea-sured from its top surface to the finished floor level, shall be inaccordance
18、with the authority having jurisdiction. When varia-tion in the evenness of the finished floor will result in anyindividual height measurement of the installed guardrail sys-tem to be less than minimum height designated by the authorityhaving jurisdiction, the fabricated height of the entire guardrai
19、lsystem shall be increased accordingly.4.1.1.2 Within an individual dwelling unit, the requiredrailing height shall be permitted to be reduced as allowed bythe governing jurisdiction.(1) Where the vertical distance between adjacent finishedfloor levels is less than 762 mm (30 in.), the height of the
20、guardrail system shall be at least 914 mm (42 in.) (Fig. 1)unless otherwise specified by the authority having jurisdiction.When variation in the evenness of the finished floor results inany individual height measurement of the installed guardrailsystem less than minimum, the fabricated height of the
21、 entireguardrail system shall be increased accordingly.4.1.1.3 In public assembly, elementary school, and multiple-family buildings where the vertical distance between stair andadjacent floor levels is more than 6100 mm (20 ft), the requiredheight of the top of the railing above the finished floorin
22、cluding any variation shall be at least 1220 mm (48 in.).4.1.1.4 For balconies in public-assembly buildings, therequired railing height in front of the first row of fixed seatsshall be reduced to 660 mm (26 in.) provided adequate safetyis established by the design and approved by the authorityhaving
23、 jurisdiction; however, it shall be a minimum of 910 mm(36 in.) at aisle ends and a minimum of 1070 mm (42 in.)where aisle steps are perpendicular to the railing system.4.1.2 Handrails and Stair-rail Systems:4.1.2.1 In corridors, ramp, walkways, and enclosed stair-ways having a slope of at least 1 i
24、n 20, the height of thehandrail of the stair-rail system, measured from its top surfaceto the finished floor level or tread-nose line, shall be not lessthan 860 mm (34 in.) nor more than 970 mm (38 in.). When astair-rail system is higher than 970 mm (38 in.), a separatehandrail shall be installed at
25、 a height of not less than 860 mm(34 in.) nor more than 970 mm (38 in.).4.1.2.2 Where required and in childcare and educationalfacilities serving children under the age of 12 years, a secondseparate handrail shall be permitted to be installed at amounting height of 610 mm to 710 mm (24 in. to 28 in.
26、). Thevertical clearance between the handrails shall be at least230 mm (9 in.).4.1.3 Transfer Rails Systemswhere transfer rail systemsare to be installed, such as in toilets and bathrooms, therequired height, measured from its top surface to the finishedfloor level, shall not be less than 760 mm (30
27、 in.) nor more than860 mm (34 in.).4.2 Railing System Penetration:4.2.1 Various members of the railing system, such asbalusters, screens, wire mesh, or scrolls, shall be arranged insuch a way that a sphere, 76 mm (3 in.) in diameter cannot bepassed through any opening in the system.4.2.2 Toe boards
28、shall be provided in areas where tools andother objects could be dislodged and fall on occupants below.The top of the toe board shall not be less than 102 mm (4 in.)and the bottom not more than 12 mm (12 in.) above the averagefinished level at the line of the vertical supports of the railingsystem.4
29、.3 Handrail Design:4.3.1 Handrails shall be designed to permit continuoussliding of hands. The hardware chosen for attaching handrailsFIG. 1 Guardrail Height for Adjacent FloorsE2358 172to balusters or walls shall be such that projecting lugs, devices,or other construction elements shall have no sha
30、rp edges ordangerous protrusions.4.3.2 Handrail ends shall be returned to supporting walls orotherwise arranged to avoid projecting rail ends. Wall handrailsat stairs and ramps and other handrails that are not continuousshall be extended horizontally for a distance of at least 305 mm(12 in.) beyond
31、the intersection of the finish line (plane of treadnose lines) of the stair or ramp and the landings, unlessinterference limits such an extension.4.3.3 The clearance between the handrail and the mountingsurface or any protrusions from this surface shall be 38 mm(112 in.). The handrail shall project
32、no more than 89 mm(312 in.) into the required egress width. The vertical clearancein a recess shall be in accordance with the provision in 4.4.5.4.3.4 The hand-grip portion of the handrail shall not be lessthan 32 mm (114 in.) or more than 51 mm (2 in.) in outsidediameter.4.4 Transfer Rail Design:4.
33、4.1 Transfer rails shall be designed to permit continuoussliding of the arm and hand supporting the body weight duringtransfer. The hardware chosen for attaching the transfer railsshall be such that projecting lugs, devices, or other constructionelements shall not interrupt the continuous sliding of
34、 the arm orhand or catches loose clothing. The transfer rails, includingtheir fasteners, shall not have sharp edges or dangerousprotrusions. The transfer rail top surface shall not be abrasive.4.4.2 Transfer rails shall be returned to supporting walls orotherwise arranged to avoid projecting rail en
35、ds that couldcatch clothing or objects during normal activity around the railends.4.4.3 The clearance between the face of the transfer rail andthat of the mounting surface or any protrusions from thissurface shall be at least 38 mm (112 in.).4.4.4 The hand-grip portion of the transfer rail shall hav
36、e aperimeter of not less than 102 mm (4 in.) nor more than165 mm (612 in.), and a maximum to minimum cross-sectionaldimension ratio of not more than two.4.4.5 Transfer rails shall not be located in a wall recessunless this recess is not more than 76 mm (3 in.) deep andextends at least 460 mm (18 in.
37、) above the top of the transferrail, with the extension parallel with the wall surface or slopingfrom the depth of the recess to the wall surface above the recessin such a way that grasping of the transfer rail and transfer ofthe body weight is not impeded. (See Fig. 2.)4.5 Special Consideration Con
38、cerning Performance ofStructural SystemIn the event of lateral loading resultingfrom wind and seismic forces, the designer of the railingsystem shall evaluate the influence of the railing system on thebuildings structural system.4.6 Permissible Dimensional Tolerances, except as indi-cated otherwise:
39、4.6.1 Fabrication tolerances of components shall be within61.5 mm (0.0625 in.).4.6.2 Alignment tolerances of installed products shall bewithin 66mm(14 in.) within a length of 6100 mm (20 ft).5. Classification5.1 Classifications of systems passing the performance re-quirements are outlined in Section
40、 6 of this specification. Basicclassification shall indicate type of system (Type I through VIsee Figs. 3-8) and level of performance (1, 2, 3, or 4) as definedin Test Methods E2353. Each supported edge is indicated by adashed line (-).6. Performance Requirements6.1 The performance requirements are
41、outlined in Table 1and 6.3.6.2 Exterior glazing in balcony rails in windborne debrisregions shall also comply with missile impact requirements ofTest Method E1886 and Specification E1996.6.3 Deflection Requirements:6.3.1 The maximum allowable deflection at the required testload, measured at the top
42、of the rail system at the critical pointof load application and from the position of the rail afterrelease of the preload, shall not be more than described in6.3.1.1 6.3.1.4 of this specification.6.3.1.1 When the load is applied at the line of verticalsupport, the horizontal deflection shall not exc
43、eed the railheight (h) divided by 12 or h/12, with h being the distancebetween the surface of the uppermost post anchorage and thetop of the top rail.FIG. 2 Recessed Transfer RailFIG. 3 Type I: Four-side SupportGlazing as InfillE2358 1736.3.1.2 When the horizontal load is applied at the mid-spanof t
44、he rail, the horizontal deflection shall not exceed the sum ofthe rail height (h) divided by 24 plus the rail length (l) betweenthe vertical supports divided by 96, or h/24+ l/96.6.3.1.3 When the vertical load is applied at the mid-span ofthe rail, the vertical deflection shall not exceed the length
45、 (l)divided by 96 or l/96.6.3.1.4 Residual deflection at the released test load, which isat 50 % of the preload, shall not exceed 20 % of the deflectionpermitted in 6.3.1.1 6.3.1.3 or 12 mm (12 in.), whichever isless.7. Pass/Fail Criteria7.1 Structural (Frame) Performance:7.1.1 Complete glazing rete
46、ntion must occur and the glassmust be unbroken at the completion of each test.7.2 Shot Bag Impact Performance:7.2.1 The glazing system shall be classified in accordancewith Section 14 of Test Methods E2353.FIG. 4 a Type II: Two-side SupportSingle Lite Glazing as InfillFIG. 4 b Type II: Two-side Supp
47、ortSingle Lite Glazing as Infill(continued)FIG. 4 c Type II: Two-side SupportMultiple Lite Glazings as Infill(continued)FIG. 5 a Type III: Point Fixed Glazing SystemGlazing as InfillFIG. 5 b Type III: Edge Clamping Glazing SystemGlazing as In-fill (continued)FIG. 6 Type IV: Three-side SupportGlazing
48、 asStructural MemberFIG. 7 a Type V: One-side SupportGlazing asStructural MemberFIG. 7 b Type V: One-side Support with Protective Top RailGlazing as Structural Member (continued)FIG. 7 c Type V: One-side Support with Surface Attached/BoltedHandrailGlazing as Structural Member (continued)E2358 1747.3
49、 Pendulum Impact Performance:7.3.1 The glazing classified in accordance with Section 14of Test Methods E2353.8. Permissible Variations and Substitutions8.1 Thinner glazing shall qualify thicker glazing provided atleast one of the following criteria is met:8.1.1 Tempered glass shall be capable of meeting thefragmentation particle size test as outlined in ANSI Z97.1.8.1.2 Laminated glass shall have the same glass type (forexample, heat treatment) and minimum thickness, type, andbrand of interlayer material as that which was originallyqualified.8.2 Lami
