1、Designation: E 2359 06Standard Test Method forField Pull Testing of an In-Place Exterior Insulation andFinish System Clad Wall Assembly1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine theresistance of a section of the exterior
3、insulation and finishsystem (EIFS) to outward loads imposed on an existingexterior wall assembly that has been in place on the buildingfor an unspecified period of time. It is destructive in naturewithin the localized areas tested and requires appropriate repairof the EIFS cladding and sheathing onc
4、e the test procedure hasbeen completed. This test procedure utilizes mechanical meth-ods to obtain information, which may be helpful in evaluatingthe natural application of negative wind loads on the EIFSassembly. Some variability of results should be anticipatedwithin the wall assembly tested due t
5、o differences in installa-tion procedures, exposure, or abuse subsequent to application.1.2 This test method is suitable for use on cladding assem-blies that have been in place a short time (new construction), aswell as for longer periods in order to evaluate detrimentaleffects on the EIFS lamina, i
6、nsulation attachment, substrateintegrity, and attachments after exposure to weather and otherenvironmental conditions. It is not intended to evaluate theperformance of structural framing. Test results on any particu-lar building may be highly variable depending on specimenlocation and condition, and
7、 are subject to interpretation by thetest specifier.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, or equipment. This standard does not purport to addressall
8、of the safety problems associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1Due to variations in exposure and construction assemblies,field sp
9、ecimens selected for testing utilizing this test method mayexperience sudden failure and release of the imposed loads. See Note 7 forfurther information.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3665 Practice for Random Sampling of ConstructionMaterialsE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE
10、2110 Terminology for Exterior Insulation and Finish Sys-tems (EIFS)E 2128 Guide for Evaluating Water Leakage of BuildingWalls2.2 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE):3SEI/ASCE 7-05, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings andOther Structures3. Terminology3.1 Definitions used in this standard shall
11、be in accordancewith E 631 and E2110.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 face delamination, nfailure mode by which the faceof the sheathing loses bond or delaminates from the sheathingcore, either partially or fully.3.2.2 fastener pull-out from stud, nfailure mode by whichfasten
12、er releases from the substrate.3.2.3 fastener pull-through, nfailure mode by which thehead of the fastener pulls through the sheathing, insulation, orsubstrate3.2.4 lamina release, nfailure mode by which the EIFSbase coat and finish coat release their bond to the underlyingthermal insulation board l
13、ayer.3.2.5 thermal insulation board failure, ncohesive failurewithin the thermal insulation board.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this test method is to assess the instal-lation adequacy and the overall effects of service-relateddeterioration (moisture, etc.) on the EIFS wall assembly as1T
14、his test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.58on Exterior Insulation and Finishing Systems (EIFS).Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
15、 ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191.1
16、Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.opposed to small localized areas of degradation. Resistance topull testing as determined by this test is used as one of thefactors in evaluating the EIFS assembly on a specific project.T
17、he values obtained by this test method are not purported to berepresentative of the actual wind load capacity or otherstructural properties of a specific EIFS clad wall installation,but may be helpful in assessing such load capacities.4.2 Since this test is used for field evaluation of existingfacil
18、ities, load results obtained from this test must be inter-preted based on sound engineering practice, applicable build-ing regulations, and codes having jurisdiction. It is the discre-tion of the test specifier to directly utilize the results derived bythis test method, or else to utilize the test r
19、esults with anappropriate factor of safety to obtain acceptable working loadsfor each project.4.3 This method is intended for use on test specimensoccurring or installed on existing buildings. The loss ofoutward wind load resistance of an EIFS wall assembly afterexposure to moisture and other weathe
20、r conditions may com-promise the ability of the cladding or other wall components toperform adequately in place. This test method does not provideany means by which the test results may be generalized to thelarger wall area. Such efforts should be based on experienceand engineering judgement.4.4 The
21、 manner in which the test load is applied may affectthe load capacity obtained from using this standard. A discus-sion of various load application techniques and their effects isgiven in Appendix X1.5. Apparatus5.1 Electronic rebar locator or metal detector sensitiveenough to locate metal studs or f
22、asteners of the underlyingstructural framing through the EIFS assembly.5.2 Pull test frame fabricated from metal or wood, asrequired, with capability of applying a concentric pull force tothe test module and distributing reaction force on adjacent wallcomponents. Pull test frame shall be provided, a
23、s a minimum,with a worm-gear winch and a nylon strap or wire rope capableof applying load to test module in controlled manner withincrementally increasing load intensities. Alternative means ofapplying a consistent load using electro-servo motors orhydraulic units are also acceptable, provided they
24、are capableof applying consistent, uniform load. It is intended that the pulltest frame be easily transportable and relocated so that it can bereadily used on saw-horses, scaffolding, or a swing-stage. Anexample of an acceptable test frame is shown in Fig. 1.5.3 Electronic load cell with digital for
25、ce gage having acapacity of at least 4450 N, (1000 lbf.), and an accuracy of62%.5.4 610 mm by 610 mm (24 in. by 24 in.) wooden pull testmodules comprised of 19 mm (34 in.) thick plywood bondingpanels (one for each specimen intended for testing), and one 19mm (34 in.) thick plywood bolting panel, whi
26、ch is moved fromspecimen-to-specimen. As each specimen is prepared fortesting the bonding panels and bolting panels shall be fastenedtogether using twelve (12) 5.5 mm (#12 or 0.215 in.) diameterby 38 mm (1-12 in.) long wood screws or lag bolts installed ina prescribed pattern. See Figs. 2-5. Adhere
27、one 19 mm (34 in.)thick bonding panel to the surface of the EIFS in place at eachspecimen location. For testing purposes, temporarily fasten thebolting panel at each adhered bonding plate in succession withappropriate hardware, immediately prior to testing.NOTE 2Screw hole locations for both the bon
28、ding panels and thebolting panel must align for proper attachment; use bolting panel as adrilling template to achieve consistent screw locations and alignment onall bonding panels.5.5 Miscellaneous bolts and connection hardware.6. Test Specimen6.1 Sampling locations and number of specimens shall bes
29、pecified by the user. Primarily, this test method is intended toimplement qualitative evaluation techniques that lead to anaccumulation of information in an orderly and efficient mannerin accordance with procedures prescribed within GuideE 2128. If a hybrid method using a combination of qualitativea
30、nd quantitative evaluation techniques is desired by the testspecifier, then a random number generator method may beutilized to establish locations of test specimens required torepresent the entire building population. Include additional testspecimens at locations of suspected or potential problems,
31、suchas below window corners, at wall base, and so forth.NOTE 3For the hybrid method using a combination of qualitative andquantitative evaluation techniques, a selection method based on PracticeD 3665 may be utilized for this purpose.6.2 Locate metal studs within wall system (or else fastenerheads a
32、t wood-framed system) using rebar locator or metaldetector, and determine elevation or height of the specimen.6.3 For stud spacing less than 610 mm (24 in. on center),mark 610 mm by 610 mm (24 in 3 24 in.) outline on thesurface of EIFS that is centered over two adjacent studs. Forstud spacing 610 mm
33、 (24 in.) and greater, mark an outline onthe EIFS surface that is 610 mm (24 in.) high and with a widthequal to the stud spacing plus 75 mm (3 in.), which is centeredover two adjacent studs. If foam fasteners are present orsuspected within the EIFS clad wall assembly, locate the headsof foam fastene
34、rs using a rebar locator, then arrange bondingpanel in manner that evenly distributes the load across the testspecimen and mark the outline on the EIFS surface. At eachoutline marked on the wall, carefully cut through the EIFSlamina, thermal insulation board, and sheathing substrate,being careful to
35、 avoid excessive vibration during specimenpreparation that may adversely affect test results. Effortsshould also be made to avoid cutting or damaging the wallstuds.NOTE 4For EIFS cladding applied directly to a masonry substrate,saw blade depth should be set to extend 3 mm (18 in.) to 6 mm (14 in.) i
36、ntothe masonry.6.4 Adhere one 19 mm (34 in.) thick, 610 mm (24 in.)square plywood bonding panel to the previously cut EIFSsurface (centered) at designated test location using polyesteradhesive, adhesive expanding foam, or quick-reaction epoxycement; temporarily support test module in place on the wa
37、ll asrequired. Allow an adequate time for curing of the adhesiveconsidering effect of temperature on cure time of adhesive.NOTE 5Suggested adhesives are (1) Sintolit Transparent Solid poly-ester, two-component, knife grade, adhesive, (2) Samco Great StuffE2359062FIG. 1 Pull Test FrameE2359063adhesiv
38、e, and (3) Flexible Products Insta-Stik Adhesive. Alternativeadhesives may be used that are not detrimental to the lamina or underlyingfoam insulation system.47. Procedure7.1 Obtain information regarding the cladding assemblydesign wind pressure (DWP) utilized during original construc-tion of the bu
39、ilding, or else otherwise determine an appropriatecladding DWP for comparative purposes using local buildingcodes or SEI/ASCE 7-05 analytical procedures. Establishinitial load at approximately ten percent (10 %) of claddingdesign wind pressure.7.2 Align the bolting panel, with appropriate pull hardw
40、areinserted through center hole, onto the previously adheredbonding panel and securely fasten bolting panel to bondingpanel with prescribed screws or lag bolts.NOTE 6If required, replace previously used screws with fresh ones asPhillips head slots become worn or damaged.7.3 Place bearing plates of p
41、ull test frame on wall and centerover previously adhered bonding panel with bolting panelattached. Fasten wire rope attachment hardware to the testmodule hardware, with load cell mounted in-line with pullforce mechanism in a manner that will measure force loads.See Fig. 6.NOTE 7Use saw-horse, scaffo
42、lding deck, or swing-stage rails to4If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 2 Bonding panelFIG. 3 Bol
43、ting PanelFIG. 4 Plywood AssemblyFIG. 5 Detail of Bonding and Bolting Panel with Bolt in CenterHoleE2359064temporarily support pull test frame until sufficient load is achieved tomake test frame self-supporting. Be prepared to re-establish temporarysupport at end of test, or in case of sudden failur
44、e of test specimen.7.4 Apply previously determined initial load to test moduleas required to hold pull test frame in place and hold for oneminute. Record load from force gage at beginning of load stepand at end of load step, prior to going to next load.7.5 Continue test by applying increasingly high
45、er steppedloadings corresponding to approximately 10 % of the finaldesign wind pressure until the wall assembly fails. Steppedloading increments shall be held for one minute, and loadsfrom force gage recorded at beginning of load step and at endof load step immediately prior to going to next load. O
46、ften thespecimen may fail transitioning from one sustained load to thenext higher step loading increment.NOTE 8Once the next load increment is applied, it is common for theload to begin to slowly decrease, due to deformation of thermal insulationboard and elongation of test hardware.NOTE 9For EIFS c
47、ladding applied directly to a masonry substrate,adhesion of the lamina to the foam or foam to the masonry may exceed thecapacity of the load cell and force gage. If during load application themaximum capacity of the load measurement device is approached, theload should be temporarily released and th
48、e measuring device removed toavoid damage to the unit. A decision should be made by the test specifierwhether to retain the specimen on the wall and repair accordingly, or elseto continue the test to destruction (without load measurement) and repairthe entire opening thus created.7.6 After completio
49、n of pull testing, examine test specimenand opening, and document or record location and spacing ofstuds within opening, as well as spacing of adjacent studs onboth sides of the opening. Also record and document locationand spacing of sheathing fasteners, sheathing joints, andthermal insulation board joints. Test administrator shoulddocument or record failure mode, whether fastener pull-through, face delamination, lamina release, thermal insulationboard debonding, or combination of one or more mode types.Finally, determine whether foam or sheathing exhibits moistu
