1、Designation: E2427 11Standard Test Method forAcceptance by Performance Testing for Sieves1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2427; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is a performance test for acceptance ofsieves.1.2 This test method compares the performance of a sieveagainst an inspection
3、 or calibration sieve using a knownquantity of reference material such that the long-term stabilityof sieves can be measured.1.3 This is a test method for checking the accuracy andlong-term reliability of test sieves. Since it is not possible toadjust the measuring capability of a test sieve, the te
4、st methodis designed to offer a verification procedure based on sievingperformance by comparison to a standard reference. This testmethod is not proposed as an alternative to the inspectionmethods in accordance with Specification E11 or the proce-dures in MNL 32.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in SI unit
5、s are to be regardedas standard. All other values given are for information only.1.5 This test method does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and
6、 determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods,and Screening MediaMNL 32 Manual on Test Sieving Methods Guidelines fo
7、rEstablishing Sieve Analysis Procedures3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms relating to sieve analysis can befound in Terminology E1638.3.1.1 calibration test sieve, na test sieve manufacturedusing sieve cloth which has been inspected after being mountedin the sieve frame, and that meets the requi
8、rements of Table 1of Specification E11 in part based on the standard deviation ofthe required number of sample openings in the test sieve(Column 11) not exceeding the maximum allowable for aconfidence level of 99.73 % (Column 12). E113.1.2 endpoint, npoint at which no material falls throughthe sieve
9、 concluding the sieving, taking into account sampledegradation.3.1.3 inspection test sieve, natest sieve manufacturedusing sieve cloth which has been inspected after being mountedin the sieve frame, and that meets the requirements of Table 1of Specification E11 in part based on the standard deviatio
10、n ofthe required number of sample openings in the test sieve(Column 9) not exceeding the maximum allowable for aconfidence level of 99 % (Column 10). E113.1.4 percent retained, nmass fraction percentage of ma-terial that is left upon or retained by the sieve after the test hasbeen performed.3.1.5 si
11、eve, nan apparatus consisting of a medium withregularly spaced apertures of uniform size, mounted in asuitable frame or holder, for use in separating material accord-ing to size.3.1.6 sieve shaker, nthe mechanical device or methodused to shake the sieves, excluding hand sieving.4. Significance and U
12、se4.1 This test method may be used by producers, users, andgeneral interest parties for research and development or pro-duction quality control work, and is useful for the comparisonof sieves.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particleand Spray Characterization and
13、is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.01on Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E2427 05. DOI:10.1520/E2427-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi
14、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
15、59, United States.4.2 Because the reference materials particle size distribu-tion will affect the acceptance tolerance, the user shoulddetermine an acceptance tolerance based on their specificreference material.5. Interferences5.1 The long-term use of sieves can compromise the reli-ability of test r
16、esults. Depending on the type of materials beingmeasured, wear can occur on the diameter of the wires causingopening sizes to change and measuring capability to drift.5.2 The specific particle size distribution of the referencematerial will affect the acceptance tolerance. Therefore eachreference ma
17、terial shall be developed based on a desiredparticle size distribution.5.3 Care should be taken with the use of the referencematerials. Since the same batch of material may be used morethan one time, it shall not be contaminated as variation in thematerial will affect the test results.5.4 The exact
18、same sieve shaker shall be used for anyperformance comparison.6. Apparatus6.1 Sievein accordance with Specification E11 tolerances.6.2 Sieve Shakercertified as such by the manufacturer inaccordance with Specification E11 tolerances.6.3 Calibration Sievecertified as such by the manufac-turer in accor
19、dance with Specification E11 tolerances.6.4 Sieve Shakermechanical device capable of holding astack of at least one sieve and a collection device. Hand sieving(manual sieving) is not acceptable.6.5 Balancehaving the capacity to weigh the appropriatesample sizes in accordance with Annex A1 in grams,
20、withaccuracy to 0.01 g or better.7. Hazards7.1 Manufacturers procedures should be followed whenoperating machinery such as sieve-shaking devices. The testingof some materials may produce dust. Proper procedures forminimizing dust inhalation and working with hazardous mate-rials should be followed at
21、 all times. Materials likely toproduce high levels of dust may not be appropriate for usewithout special precautions.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Select an inspection or calibration sieve of the samenominal aperture size as the sieve to be tested for acceptance.8.2 The selected sieve to be tested
22、shall be physically sound.The sieve cloth shall be taut and free of broken or distortedwires. Joints shall be intact. Sieve frames shall be cylindricaland nest easily with other sieves.8.3 Select the reference material to be used to conduct thetest. Reference materials shall be either certified stan
23、dard testmaterials that are purchased or prepared by the user. Ifprepared by the user, it is recommended that the referencematerial be of the same composition as the production material.If less than the entire batch is used, acquire a test sample inaccordance with MNL 32.9. Preparation of Reference
24、Material9.1 User-Prepared Reference MaterialThe reference ma-terial may be prepared from the production material beingtested, provided that the material will not blind or adhere to thesieve apertures nor break down during the test procedure.Prepared reference material is not traceable and shall only
25、 beused internally for this comparative test. If certified referencematerial is used, no preparation of reference material isrequired.9.2 In accordance with the size of the reference materialproduced, a sieve of the same size and a sieve that is one sizecoarser and a collection pan are required. For
26、 example, if125-m reference material is to be produced, a 125-m(No. 120) sieve, a 150-m (No. 100) sieve, and a collection panare used.9.3 Nest the sieves in the shaker with the coarser sieve in thetop position, the finer sieve in the second position, and thecollection pan in the bottom position. Any
27、 additional shakerpositions are not used.9.4 Add all the reference material to the coarser sieve.Continue sieving until approximately half the total amount ofreference material required is retained on the finer sieve and thebalance is in the collection pan. All the material retained on thefiner 125-
28、m (No. 120) sieve will become reference material,as well as an equal amount by weight of the material in thecollection pan. The material retained on the larger 150-m(No. 100) sieve is discarded. Combine all the materials fromthe finer sieve and the collection pan in equal proportions toproduce the a
29、mount of reference material required in accor-dance with Annex A1 for the performance testing.10. Performance Test Records10.1 A sieve may be evaluated for acceptance based on thisstandard comparative test method. The resulting performancetest records shall be retained for the life of the sieve with
30、 itstraceable number in accordance with Specification E11 mark-ing requirements.11. Procedure11.1 Weigh the reference material that will be used toperform the test on a calibrated scale or balance; the recom-mended quantity may be referenced in accordance with AnnexA1.11.2 Nest the sieve to be teste
31、d in the collection pan in theshaker.11.3 Place the reference material on the sieve and run thesieve shaker until endpoint.11.4 Weigh the reference material retained on the sieve. Theremainder of the reference material shall pass into the collec-tion pan in the bottom position. The proportion of the
32、 retainedmaterial to the total starting material will be used for compar-ing the performance of the sieve to the inspection or calibrationsieve. It is not necessary to repeat this procedure on theinspection or calibration sieve each time a sieve performancetest is performed unless the material degra
33、ded during thesieving process. The inspection or calibration sieve proportionwill remain the constant for comparison provided the samebatch of reference material is used.E2427 11211.5 After the weight is obtained, mix the retained materialwith the passed material in the collection pan, which will th
34、enbecome the reference material used to check the performanceof subsequent sieves. Before each sieve is tested, the recom-bined reference material shall be weighed to obtain the startingweight for the next test. If the starting weight is less than 97 %of the original quantity, a new batch of referen
35、ce material isrequired.11.6 Repeat procedures 11.1-11.5 for all subsequent sieves.Record the results for each sieve.11.7 The complete procedure shall be repeated for eachdifferent size sieve to be tested using the corresponding sizereference material.12. Calculation or Interpretation of Results12.1
36、Normally, not all of the reference material is salvaged,as some is lost because of retention in the sieve and other lossesthat occur during testing. Therefore, the proportion of retainedmaterial, not the actual weight, shall be compared betweensieves tested, in accordance with the following:Percent
37、Retained 5Weight Retained / Starting Weight! * 100 (1)12.2 Compare the results of the sieve to the inspection orcalibration sieve by subtracting the percent retained on theinspection or calibration sieve from the percent retained on thesieve. For example, if the inspection or calibration sieveretain
38、ed 50 % of the reference material and the sieve retained49 % of the reference material, there is a 1 % deviationbetween the two sieves.12.3 A sieve is considered acceptable for use if the percentdeviation test result is within the users tolerance for thespecific reference material, not to exceed 5 %
39、.13. Report13.1 The report shall include the following:13.1.1 The percent of reference material retained on theinspection or calibration sieve,13.1.2 The percent of the reference material retained on thesieve,13.1.3 The percent deviation with attention to the sign (plusor minus), and13.1.4 The accep
40、tance status (that is, accepted or rejected).14. Precision and Bias14.1 There is no precision and bias information available atthis time. However, an inter laboratory study will be availablewithin five years of ballot approval.15. Keywords15.1 sieve cloth; sieve testing; test sievesE2427 113ANNEX(Ma
41、ndatory Information)A1. SIEVE ANALYSISA1.1 See Table A1.1 and Table A1.2.TABLE A1.2 Typical Bulk Densities of Various ParticulateMaterialsANOTEWeights, per unit of volume, are of divided, crushed, orpulverized materials in freely poured conditions.MaterialAverage Weightg/cm3Average Weightlb/ft3Alumi
42、na 1.23 44Aluminum, calcined 2.05 128Aluminum oxide 1.96 122Aluminum shot 1.54 96Ammonium nitrate 0.77 48Ammonium sulfate 0.98 61Asbestos ore 0.87 54Bagasse 0.09 6Bauxite ore 1.20 to 1.36 75 to 85Bentonite 0.80 to 1.04 50 to 65Bicarbonate of soda 0.91 57Borax 0.80 to 0.98 50 to 61Boric acid 0.93 58C
43、alcite 1.44 to 1.68 90 to 105Calcium carbide 1.20 75Calcium carbonate 0.79 49Calcium chloride 1.03 64Calcium phosphate 0.91 57Carbon black 0.33 24Cellulose powder 0.26 16Cement clinker 1.20 to 1.28 75 to 80Cement, portland 1.44 to 1.60 90 to 100Chrome ore 2.25 140Clay 0.48 to 1.20 30 to 75Coal, anth
44、racite 0.88 55Coal, bituminous 0.88 50Coke breeze 0.40 to 0.56 25 to 35Coke, petroleum 0.40 to 0.64 25 to 40Copper ore 1.60 to 2.40 100 to 150Coquina shell 1.28 80Corn starch 0.64 40Diatomaceous earth 0.50 31Dicalcium phosphate 1.03 64Dolomite, crushed 1.44 to 1.60 90 to 100Feldspar, crushed 1.04 to
45、 1.35 65 to 84Ferrophosphorous 3.14 196Fire clay 1.28 80Flour, wheat 0.38 24Flour, maize 0.59 37Fluorspar 1.44 to 1.92 90 to 120TABLE A1.1 Suggested Bulk Volume of Test Sample for SieveAnalysis with 8-in. and 200-mm Round SievesANOTEThe recommended weight of material for a sieve test sample iscalcul
46、ated by multiplying the bulk volume figure in Column 3 by theparticular bulk density in grams per cubic centimetre of the materialrounded out within a tolerance of 625 %. If the density figure for thematerial being tested is not readily available, use the factor of the nearestsimilar material shown
47、in Table A1.2.Standard Sieve Designation Bulk Volume of MaterialStandard AlternateRecommendedVolume of Materialfor Test SampleMaximum PermittedVolume on Sieve onCompletion of Sieving12 3 425 mm 1 in. 1800 cm3900 cm322.4 mm78 in. 1600 cm3800 cm319 mm34 in. 1400 cm3700 cm316 mm58 in. 1000 cm3500 cm312
48、.5 mm12 in. 800 cm3400 cm311.2 mm716 in. 800 cm3400 cm39.5 mm38 in. 600 cm3300 cm38mm516 in. 500 cm3250 cm36.3 mm14 in. 400 cm3200 cm35.6 mm No. 3,12 in. 400 cm3200 cm34 mm No. 5 350 cm3150 cm32.80 mm No. 7 240 cm3120 cm32 mm No. 10 200 cm3100 cm31.40 mm No. 14 160 cm380 cm31 mm No. 18 140 cm370 cm3
49、710 m No. 25 120 cm360 cm3500 m No. 35 100 cm350 cm3355 m No. 45 80 cm340 cm3250 m No. 60 70 cm335 cm3180 m No. 80 60 cm330 cm3125 m No. 120 50 cm325 cm390 m No. 170 40 cm320 cm363 m No. 230 25 cm317 cm345 m No. 325 30 cm315 cm338 m No. 400 25 cm312 cm3AReprinted with permission from MNL 32, Manual on Test Sieving MethodsGuidelines for Establishing Sieve Analysis Procedures, 4th ed., L.R. Pope andC.W. Ward, Eds., ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, 1998, pp. 3031.E2427 114MaterialAverage Weightg/cm3Average Weightlb/ft3Fly ash 0
