1、Designation: E2427 13Standard Test Method forAcceptance by Performance Testing for Sieves1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2427; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is a performance test for acceptance ofsieves.1.2 This test method compares the performance of a sieveagainst an inspection
3、 or calibration sieve using a knownquantity of reference material such that the long-term stabilityof sieves can be measured.1.3 This is a test method for checking the accuracy andlong-term reliability of test sieves. Since it is not possible toadjust the measuring capability of a test sieve, the te
4、st methodis designed to offer a verification procedure based on sievingperformance by comparison to a standard reference. This testmethod is not proposed as an alternative to the inspectionmethods in accordance with Specification E11 or the proce-dures in MNL 32.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in SI unit
5、s are to be regardedas standard. All other values given are for information only.1.5 This test method does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and
6、 determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Stu
7、dy toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods,and Screening MediaMNL 32 Manual on Test Sieving Methods Guidelines forEstablishing Sieve Analysis Procedures3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms relating to sieve analysis can befound in Terminology
8、 E1638.3.2 calibration test sieve, na test sieve manufacturedusing sieve cloth which has been inspected after being mountedin the sieve frame, and that meets the requirements of Table 1of Specification E11 in part based on the standard deviation ofthe required number of sample openings in the test s
9、ieve(Column 11) not exceeding the maximum allowable for aconfidence level of 99.73 % (Column 12). E113.3 endpoint, npoint at which no material falls through thesieve concluding the sieving, taking into account sampledegradation.3.4 inspection test sieve, natest sieve manufactured usingsieve cloth wh
10、ich has been inspected after being mounted inthe sieve frame, and that meets the requirements of Table 1 ofSpecification E11 in part based on the standard deviation of therequired number of sample openings in the test sieve (Col-umn 9) not exceeding the maximum allowable for a confidencelevel of 99
11、% (Column 10). E113.5 percent retained, nmass fraction percentage of mate-rial that is left upon or retained by the sieve after the test hasbeen performed.3.6 sieve, nan apparatus consisting of a medium withregularly spaced apertures of uniform size, mounted in asuitable frame or holder, for use in
12、separating material accord-ing to size.3.7 sieve shaker, nthe mechanical device or method usedto shake the sieves, excluding hand sieving.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method may be used by producers, users, andgeneral interest parties for research and development or pro-duction quality contr
13、ol work, and is useful for the comparisonof sieves.4.2 Because the reference materials particle size distribu-tion will affect the acceptance tolerance, the user shoulddetermine an acceptance tolerance based on their specificreference material.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Comm
14、ittee E29 on Particleand Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.01on Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2427 11. DOI:1
15、0.1520/E2427-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
16、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Interferences5.1 The long-term use of sieves can compromise the reli-ability of test results. Depending on the type of materials beingmeasured, wear can occur on the diameter of the wires causingopening sizes to change and measu
17、ring capability to drift.5.2 The specific particle size distribution of the referencematerial will affect the acceptance tolerance. Therefore eachreference material shall be developed based on a desiredparticle size distribution.5.3 Care should be taken with the use of the referencematerials. Since
18、the same batch of material may be used morethan one time, it shall not be contaminated as variation in thematerial will affect the test results.5.4 The exact same sieve shaker shall be used for anyperformance comparison.6. Apparatus6.1 Sievein accordance with Specification E11 tolerances.6.2 Sieve S
19、hakercertified as such by the manufacturer inaccordance with Specification E11 tolerances.6.3 Calibration Sievecertified as such by the manufacturerin accordance with Specification E11 tolerances.6.4 Sieve Shakermechanical device capable of holding astack of at least one sieve and a collection devic
20、e. Hand sieving(manual sieving) is not acceptable.6.5 Balancehaving the capacity to weigh the appropriatesample sizes in accordance with Annex A1 in grams, withaccuracy to 0.01 g or better.7. Hazards7.1 Manufacturers procedures should be followed whenoperating machinery such as sieve-shaking devices
21、. The testingof some materials may produce dust. Proper procedures forminimizing dust inhalation and working with hazardous mate-rials should be followed at all times. Materials likely toproduce high levels of dust may not be appropriate for usewithout special precautions.8. Preparation of Apparatus
22、8.1 Select an inspection or calibration sieve of the samenominal aperture size as the sieve to be tested for acceptance.8.2 The selected sieve to be tested shall be physically sound.The sieve cloth shall be taut and free of broken or distortedwires. Joints shall be intact. Sieve frames shall be cyli
23、ndricaland nest easily with other sieves.8.3 Select the reference material to be used to conduct thetest. Reference materials shall be either certified standard testmaterials that are purchased or prepared by the user. Ifprepared by the user, it is recommended that the referencematerial be of the sa
24、me composition as the production material.If less than the entire batch is used, acquire a test sample inaccordance with MNL 32.9. Preparation of Reference Material9.1 User-Prepared Reference MaterialThe reference ma-terial may be prepared from the production material beingtested, provided that the
25、material will not blind or adhere to thesieve apertures nor break down during the test procedure.Prepared reference material is not traceable and shall only beused internally for this comparative test. If certified referencematerial is used, no preparation of reference material isrequired.9.2 In acc
26、ordance with the size of the reference materialproduced, a sieve of the same size and a sieve that is one sizecoarser and a collection pan are required. For example, if125-m reference material is to be produced, a 125-m(No. 120) sieve, a 150-m (No. 100) sieve, and a collection panare used.9.3 Nest t
27、he sieves in the shaker with the coarser sieve in thetop position, the finer sieve in the second position, and thecollection pan in the bottom position. Any additional shakerpositions are not used.9.4 Add all the reference material to the coarser sieve.Continue sieving until approximately half the t
28、otal amount ofreference material required is retained on the finer sieve and thebalance is in the collection pan.All the material retained on thefiner 125-m (No. 120) sieve will become reference material,as well as an equal amount by weight of the material in thecollection pan. The material retained
29、 on the larger 150-m(No. 100) sieve is discarded. Combine all the materials fromthe finer sieve and the collection pan in equal proportions toproduce the amount of reference material required in accor-dance with Annex A1 for the performance testing.10. Performance Test Records10.1 A sieve may be eva
30、luated for acceptance based on thisstandard comparative test method. The resulting performancetest records shall be retained for the life of the sieve with itstraceable number in accordance with Specification E11 mark-ing requirements.11. Procedure11.1 Weigh the reference material that will be used
31、toperform the test on a calibrated scale or balance; the recom-mended quantity may be referenced in accordance with AnnexA1.11.2 Nest the sieve to be tested in the collection pan in theshaker.11.3 Place the reference material on the sieve and run thesieve shaker until endpoint.11.4 Weigh the referen
32、ce material retained on the sieve. Theremainder of the reference material shall pass into the collec-tion pan in the bottom position. The proportion of the retainedmaterial to the total starting material will be used for compar-ing the performance of the sieve to the inspection or calibrationsieve.
33、It is not necessary to repeat this procedure on theinspection or calibration sieve each time a sieve performancetest is performed unless the material degraded during thesieving process. The inspection or calibration sieve proportionE2427 132will remain the constant for comparison provided the sameba
34、tch of reference material is used.11.5 After the weight is obtained, mix the retained materialwith the passed material in the collection pan, which will thenbecome the reference material used to check the performanceof subsequent sieves. Before each sieve is tested, the recom-bined reference materia
35、l shall be weighed to obtain the startingweight for the next test. If the starting weight is less than 97 %of the original quantity, a new batch of reference material isrequired.11.6 Repeat procedures 11.1 11.5 for all subsequentsieves. Record the results for each sieve.11.7 The complete procedure s
36、hall be repeated for eachdifferent size sieve to be tested using the corresponding sizereference material.12. Calculation or Interpretation of Results12.1 Normally, not all of the reference material is salvaged,as some is lost because of retention in the sieve and other lossesthat occur during testi
37、ng. Therefore, the proportion of retainedmaterial, not the actual weight, shall be compared betweensieves tested, in accordance with the following:Percent Retained 5 Weight Retained/Starting Weight!*100 (1)12.2 Compare the results of the sieve to the inspection orcalibration sieve by subtracting the
38、 percent retained on theinspection or calibration sieve from the percent retained on thesieve. For example, if the inspection or calibration sieveretained 50 % of the reference material and the sieve retained49 % of the reference material, there is a 1 % deviationbetween the two sieves.12.3 A sieve
39、is considered acceptable for use if the percentdeviation test result is within the users tolerance for thespecific reference material, not to exceed 5 %.13. Report13.1 The report shall include the following:13.1.1 The percent of reference material retained on theinspection or calibration sieve,13.1.
40、2 The percent of the reference material retained on thesieve,13.1.3 The percent deviation with attention to the sign (plusor minus), and13.1.4 The acceptance status (that is, accepted or rejected).14. Precision and Bias14.1 The precision of this test method is based on aninterlaboratory study of E24
41、27 11, Test Method for Accep-tance by Performance Testing for Sieves, conducted in 2012.Seven laboratories tested one material in triplicate, on bothcalibration and working sieves. Every “test result” representsan individual determination. Practice E691 was followed forthe design and analysis of the
42、 data.314.1.1 Repeatability (r)The difference between repetitiveresults obtained by the same operator in a given laboratoryapplying the same test method with the same apparatus underconstant operating conditions on identical test material withinshort intervals of time would in the long run, in the n
43、ormal andcorrect operation of the test method, exceed the followingvalues only in one case in 20.14.1.1.1 Repeatability can be interpreted as maximum dif-ference between two results, obtained under repeatabilityconditions that are accepted as plausible due to random causesunder normal and correct op
44、eration of the test method.14.1.1.2 Repeatability limits are listed in Table 1.14.1.2 Reproducibility (R)The difference between twosingle and independent results obtained by different operatorsapplying the same test method in different laboratories usingdifferent apparatus on identical test material
45、 would, in the longrun, in the normal and correct operation of the test method,exceed the following values only in one case in 20.14.1.2.1 Reproducibility can be interpreted as maximumdifference between two results, obtained under reproducibilityconditions that are accepted as plausible due to rando
46、m causesunder normal and correct operation of the test method.14.1.2.2 Reproducibility limits are listed in Table 1.14.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.14.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with statements 14.1.1and 14.1.2 would
47、have an approximate 95 % probability ofbeing correct.14.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.14.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examina
48、tion of 100 results, from seven laboratories, onone material.14.4 To judge the precision of two test results, it is recom-mended to compare a material closest in characteristics to a testmaterial.15. Keywords15.1 sieve cloth; sieve testing; test sieves3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM Interna
49、tional Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E29-1001. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.TABLE 1 Difference Between Calibration and Working Sieves (%) RetainedMaterialAverageAXRepeatabilityStandardDeviationSrReproducibilityStandardDeviationSRRepeatabilityLimitrReproducibilityLimitR120 Garnet Master Sand 0.7648 0.4197 0.6214 1.1751 1.7399AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.E2427 133ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. SIEVE ANALYSISA1.1 See Table A1.1 and Table A1.2.TABLE A1.2 Typical Bulk Densitie
