1、Designation: E2443 05 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Guide forVerifying Computer-Generated Test Results Through TheUse Of Standard Data Sets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide establishes a process for the verification ofapplication software used to calculate
3、 the mechanical proper-ties of materials.1.2 This guide has two purposes: (1) it provides guidelinesfor creating standard data sets for verifying computer-generated test results, and (2) it describes how users can verifywhether the calculations in their application software produceaccurate, acceptab
4、le results. This does not ensure that thesoftware will produce correct results in all cases. The verifi-cation is only for those conditions covered by the standard datasets. This guide uses the concept of standard “data sets,” whichare made available by the ASTM groups responsible for eachof the ind
5、ividual standards.1.3 This guide defines the terminology, the format, and theprocess for the use of these data sets and how the data sets areto be used for verification. It does not define the specific datasets required to verify each of the application standards.Rather, such data sets would become
6、a necessary part of thestandard and would be classified as an adjunct in accord withthe definition in section B29 of the “Form and Style for ASTMStandards.” This classifies an adjunct as any material that isrequired for use of the standard but is not practicable to publishas an integral part of the
7、standard.1.4 In Annex A1 there is an example of how such data setswould be made available for one example standard.1.5 Because the verification data sets are contained in filessupplied to the application software in the computer, thisprocedure only provides verification of post-test calculationsperf
8、ormed by the computer system. It does not evaluate thedata acquisition system, real-time calculations, or any otherpart of the software beyond the post-test calculations.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Test-ingE1942 Guide for Evaluating D
9、ata Acquisition SystemsUsed in Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics TestingE1856 Guide for Evaluating Computerized Data Acquisi-tion Systems Used to Acquire Data from Universal TestingMachines3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 ASCIIAmerican National Standard Code
10、 for Infor-mation Interchange. Data supplied in this form is readable byany computer system and will be displayed on the screen inhuman readable form.3.1.2 basic dataThe sampled value of a sensor taken atfixed or variable time intervals. Each sample represents thevalue measured by the sensor at that
11、 instant of time.3.1.3 data setA self-contained set of data consisting of apreamble, specimen information, and basic data. This may takethe form of a printed document or a computer data file.3.1.4 derived dataAny parameter which is derived orcalculated from basic data.3.1.5 expected resultsThe resul
12、ts accompanying the datasets that are expected from the computer.3.1.6 item separatorA special character (delimiter) usedto separate items that appear on one line of ASCII characters.3.1.7 keywordA text word or combination of charactersthat uniquely identify an item of information in the SpecimenInf
13、ormation section. Such keywords are defined in a preambleto the data set within the standard in which they are to be used.3.1.8 line terminatorA character or sequence of charac-ters used to signify the end of a line of ASCII characters.3.1.9 preambleA text section describing the data set,which stand
14、ard it applies to, any critical information andrestrictions for use of the data sets, and the expected values1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue andFracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.03 on AdvancedApparatus and Techniques.Current edition
15、approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as -05. DOI: 10.1520/E2443-05R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandard
16、s volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(derived data) to be found as a result of running the algorithmusing the basic data. This section o
17、f the data set would not beused by the computer, and would normally be stripped off ofthe data set prior to its use with the computer.3.1.10 segment markerA column of data alongside thecolumns of basic data which indicate different control sectionsduring the test, such as loading versus unloading se
18、ctions,which might be needed by the algorithm under evaluation.3.1.11 specimen informationInformation about a testedspecimen, other than the basic data, such as specimen dimen-sions, speed of testing, and any other relevant information thatare required in the analysis.3.1.12 statusThe status of the
19、standard data set indicatesthat it has either been approved by the appropriate ASTMentity, or that it is unapproved. Unapproved data sets may beposted and made available to users for round robin testing orother purposes, but results from the use of an unapproved dataset would not meet the requiremen
20、ts of this standard guide.4. Description of the Use of Basic Data For SoftwareVerification.4.1 In its most basic form, a mechanical testing systemconsists of a test frame with grips which attach to a testspecimen, a method of applying forces to the specimen, and anumber of transducers that measure t
21、he forces and deforma-tions applied to the specimen. (See Fig. 1)4.2 The measurement system may be divided into threesections for the purpose of verification: the mechanical testframe and its components, the electrical measurement system,and the computer processing of data. This guide is specificall
22、yconcerned only with the final section, namely the computerprocessing of data once the basic data are acquired.4.3 The principle of using data sets is that a standard maypublish as an adjunct a set of basic data and expected resultsthat may be used to verify that software designed to implementthe ca
23、lculations is performing correctly. The user of the data setinputs such data into their computer either automatically,manually, or a combination of both.4.3.1 For example, it may prove most convenient to inputthe specimen information (described in 4.7) manually, and thenhave the computer read the ba
24、sic data as a file. The user thenstarts the computation and compares the actual results withexpected results supplied along with the data set. If such resultsagree with the expected results within the specified tolerance,the computer algorithms may be considered verified. If not, theuser must explor
25、e the reason for the difference.4.4 When supplied in the form of a computer-readable file,the data set shall be in industry-standard ASCII format.4.5 Preamble CharacteristicsThe preamble to the data setis a section of text containing at least the following:4.5.1 Unique ID of the form: ASTM standard
26、number towhich this data set applies, DSxx, where xx is the data setnumber (revision year.) For example, E 1234-DS2(2005);4.5.2 Title;4.5.3 Any parameters required by the algorithm, and theunits to be used;4.5.4 Short description of the content of the data file andwhat test conditions this data set
27、is verifying;FIG. 1 Schematic of a typical test systemE2443 05 (2010)24.5.5 Details of the segment markers on the data file, if any;4.5.6 Expected results (in appropriate units), as well as theallowable tolerance (in %); and4.5.7 Contact information for ASTM International.4.6 The preamble is initiat
28、ed with the marker ,and terminated by the marker .4.7 Specimen Information Characteristics:4.7.1 The specimen information section consists of a num-ber of rows of information essential for use by the algorithmunder evaluation. Such information might, for example, in-clude the gage length of an exten
29、someter, the dimensions of aspecimen, or the test temperature. Each row has this format:keyword (text), item separator, value (numeric), units (text).4.7.2 It is required for ease of use that the specimeninformation section contain only essential information for thecalculations to be performed by th
30、e computer. Such informa-tion would include the length of the basic data file. Otherinformation, such as specimen identification, relative humidity,and so forth which might normally be included in a test reportshould not be included in the specimen information section ofthe data set.4.7.3 The specim
31、en information section is initiated with themarket and terminated by the marker.4.8 Basic Data Characteristics:4.8.1 Following the specimen information section are twoor more columns of synchronous data in a table representing orcontaining data acquired from a test. The order and contents ofeach col
32、umn are defined by the standard using the data set. Forexample, the first column might be values for Crack-TipOpening Displacement (COD), and the second might be thecorresponding force values. The first row of the table containscolumn descriptors (text). The second row contains units (text)for each
33、column of data. For example, the COD values mightbe in mm, and the force values in Newtons.4.8.2 The data is initiated with the marker , andterminated by the marker .4.8.3 Following the two rows of column headings are rowsof basic data. Each row has the format: X value (numeric), itemseparator, Y va
34、lue (numeric), item separator, Y2 value(numeric), item separator,.segment marker, line termina-tor.4.8.4 Items enclosed by square brackets in 4.8.3 areoptional .4.8.5 The segment marker is an optional field in the data thatindicates different sections of data, such as an initial loadingsection, or l
35、oading and unloading compliance sections. Itsinclusion depends on whether it is required for the algorithmbeing tested.4.9 Basic Data Types:4.9.1 Two or more types of Basic Data are suitable forevaluating computer algorithms, absolute and typical, as fol-lows.(1) Absolute data sets are made of strai
36、ght lines andsegments, which have only one, absolute correct answer (forexample, a very tight accuracy tolerance).(2) Typical data sets more closely resemble the actual dataone might expect from a test, such as, non-linear curves,discontinuities, or other data characteristics typical of thestandard
37、test.4.10 Validity Testsi4.10.1 It is up to the Task Group or Committee responsiblefor the Standard to create and recommend data sets that willadequately test the software for valid or invalid results. That is,if the software must be configured to catch certain things thatmake a test invalid, the da
38、ta set and expected results must beconfigured to test these validity checks.4.11 Expected Results:4.11.1 The expected results are supplied along with thebasic data set and provide the correct, calculated (derived)results that should be produced by the software. Also includedwith the expected results
39、 is a tolerance band (+ or a certain% of the result) within which the derived data must fall in orderto be considered acceptable. If the derived data falls outside thetolerance band, then it is presumed that the calculations, orcalculation parameters, are incorrect or improperly selected.4.12 Reform
40、atting:4.12.1 It is expected that in many cases the data set mayhave to be reformatted prior to use, for example, to remove thepreamble and some or all of the specimen information. Thismay be readily done using a suitable software tool to producea reformatted data file that meets the needs of the co
41、mputer.Note that reformatting does not include or permit any contentchanges.4.13 ASCII File format :4.13.1 In the preamble section of the data set, there are noformat requirements other than that it be in ASCII format andreadable by any standard text reader. In the specimen informa-tion and data sec
42、tions, items are in columns separated by thetab separator . The end-of-line terminator should be asequence of carriage return followed by linefeed . Zeroes before decimal separators and after the lastsignificant digit are optional. Numbers shall not use a thou-sands separator.5. System Requirements5
43、.1 No materials specimens or testing machines are requiredfor this evaluation. All that is necessary is the computer loadedwith the software (algorithm) to be evaluated5.2 The specimen information is supplied to the computereither by being manually typed in, or by direct input if thesoftware can ada
44、pt to the format supplied.5.3 The basic data is then entered by being read from a fileon the computer, or from a storage medium such as a CD.6. Procedure for Creating Data Sets6.1 Each Committee responsible for a standard that wishesto add a test data set to their standard should undertake thefollow
45、ing steps:6.1.1 Decide on Parameters to be Verified, The committeeshould decide which parameters determined by the standardmight be implemented by computer algorithms and should beverified.6.1.2 Obtain Data, The committee should obtain one orseveral sets of basic data (absolute or typical, or both)
46、that areE2443 05 (2010)3representative of test data that might be obtained from aphysical test. These should then be formatted as described inthis standard for circulation.6.1.3 Provide Expected Results calculation; data acquisition; mechanicalproperties; software; standard data sets; validation; ve
47、rificationE2443 05 (2010)4ANNEXA1. EXAMPLE OF A STANDARD DATA TESTA1.1 See Table A1.1.TABLE A1.1 Example of a Standard Data SetNote: The Standard Data Set has a unique ID and three sections: Preamble, Specimen Information, and Data.The Preamble does not have a fixed format. It is in plain language a
48、nd may be translated into other languages. It is initiated with the marker andterminated with . The Specimen Information has a fixed format and lists only parameters defined in the Preamble and their corresponding values, withunits. It is initiated with and terminated with . The Data section consist
49、s of two or more columns of data. The first row of eachcolumn has text naming the parameter, and the second row names the units. The Data section is initiated with and terminated with .The values given in the example below, including the tolerances on the Expected Results, are only for illustration.E399/1-DS1(2005)Contact information: ASTM International,www.astm.org/appropriate subcommitteeStatus: ApprovedThis is a Standard Data Set E399/1 to evaluate computer algorithms for ASTM Standard E399. It assumes a C(T) specimen geometry. Its format of this Dat
