1、Designation: E 2515 07Standard Test Method forDetermination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected bya Dilution Tunnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2515; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is applicable for the determination ofparticulate matter emissions from solid-fuel-burnin
3、g appli-ances including woodstoves, pellet-burning appliances,factory-built fireplaces, masonry fireplaces, masonry heaters,and outdoor hydronic heaters within a laboratory environment.1.2 Analytes will be a particulate matter (PM) with no CASnumber assigned. For data quality objectives, see Appendi
4、xX1.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This test method does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establ
5、ish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2986 Practice for Evaluation of Air Assay Media by theMonodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test3E 2558 Test Method for Determining P
6、articulate MatterEmissions from Fires in Low Mass Wood-Burning Fire-places2.2 AISI Documents:AISI 316 Stainless Steel43. Terminology3.1 Definitions: General3.1.1 laboratory environmentthe area or room that is usedfor the storage, weighing, assembly, disassembly and desicca-tion of filters and relate
7、d equipment (sample recovery andanalysis)3.1.2 particulate matter (PM)all gas-borne matter result-ing from combustion of solid fuel, as specified in the applianceoperation test method, that is collected and retained by thespecified filter and probe system under the conditions of thetest.3.1.3 test f
8、acilitythe area in which the tested appliance isinstalled, operated and sampled for emissions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The total flue-gas exhaust from a solid fuel burningappliance is collected along with ambient dilution air with acollection hood. Duplicate sampling trains are used to extractga
9、s samples from the dilution tunnel for determination ofparticulate matter concentrations. Each sample train has twoglass fiber filters in series. The samples are withdrawn at aconsistently proportional rate from sampling points located atthe centroid of a sampling tunnel. During sampling, the filter
10、sare maintained at a temperature less than 32C (90F). Themass of the sampled particulate matter is determined gravi-metrically after the removal of uncombined water. The totalparticulate matter mass collected on the filters and in the probeand front filter housing are multiplied by the ratio of thed
11、ilution tunnel flow to sample flow to determine the totalparticulate emissions during a test.4.2 The sampling system for this method consists of dupli-cate dual-filter dry sampling trains. Both of the trains areoperated simultaneously at a sample flow rate in the range of0.004 to 0.008 m3/min (0.15
12、to 0.25 cfm). The total particulateresults obtained from the two sample trains are averaged todetermine the particulate emissions and are compared as aquality control check on the data validity. A deviation of morethat 7.5% from the average of the two sample train resultsinvalidates the test.4.3 The
13、 particulate concentration results for each samplingtrain is adjusted by the particulate concentration result from asingle ambient air sample blank collected and processed the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility
14、 of Subcommittee E06.54on Solid Fuel Burning Appliances.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
15、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 ConnecticutAve., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http:/www.steel.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
16、 United States.same as the dilution tunnel particulate sampling trains de-scribed in Section 3.2, except that only one filter is used in thesampling train. The ambient air sample probe shall be located2 m (6.6 ft) below the dilution tunnel collection hood and 1 m(3.3 ft) from the chimney centerline.
17、 A metering system asdescribed in 6.1.1.5 shall be used to determine the volume ofambient air collected. The sample flow rate shall be in therange 0.004 to 0.008 m3/min (0.15 to 0.25 cfm).4.4 Appliances tested by this test method are to be fueledand operated as specified in Test Method E 2558.5. Saf
18、ety5.1 DisclaimerThis test method may involve hazardousmaterials, operations, and equipment. This test method may notaddress all of the safety problems associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this test method to establishappropriate safety and health practices and to determin
19、e theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to performing thistest method.6. Equipment and Supplies6.1 Sample CollectionThe following equipment is re-quired for sample collection:6.1.1 Sampling TrainTwo separate, complete samplingtrains are required for each test run. The filter face velocity
20、shall not exceed 150 mm/sec (30 ft/min) during the test run.The dry gas meter shall be calibrated for the same flow raterange as encountered during the test runs. The sampling trainconfiguration is shown in Fig. 1 and consists of the followingcomponents.6.1.1.1 ProbeStainless steel (that is, AISI 31
21、6 or grademore corrosion resistant) 6.35 mm (14 in.) outside diameter(O.D.) and 0.30 to 0.45 m (12 to 18 in.) in length. The probeshall be constructed from seamless tubing with a wall thicknesssuch that the total weight of the probe and front filter housingcan be weighed to an accuracy of 0.1 mg.6.1
22、.1.2 Filter HoldersThe primary (front) filter holdershall be aluminum or PTFE5. The backup (rear) filter holdermay be made of materials such as polycarbonate6. With suchplastic materials, it is recommended not to use solvents whencleaning the filter holder parts. Mild soap and distilled watercan be
23、used for cleaning plastic filter holder parts. The twofilter holders shall be placed in series with the backup filterholder located 25 to 100 mm (1 to 4 in.) downstream from theprimary filter holder. The filter holders shall be capable ofholding a filter with 47 mm diameter. The holder design shallp
24、rovide a positive seal against leakage from the outside oraround the filters. The use of a porous glass or ceramic frit tosupport the first (front) filter is not allowed. Any type of filtersupport is allowed for the second (rear) filter. (See Fig. 2).6.1.1.3 Filter Temperature Monitoring SystemA tem
25、pera-ture sensor capable of measuring with an accuracy of 62C(3.6F). The sensor shall be installed at the exit side of the frontfilter holder so that the sensing tip of the temperature sensor isin direct contact with the sample gas as shown in Fig. 2.6.1.1.4 DryerAny system capable of removing water
26、from the sample gas to less than 1.5 percent moisture (volumepercent) prior to the metering system. The system shall includea temperature sensor for demonstrating that sample gas tem-perature exiting the dryer is less than 27C (80F).6.1.1.5 Metering SystemThe metering system shall in-clude a vacuum
27、gauge, leak-free pump, temperature sensorscapable of measuring with an accuracy of 62C (3.6F), gasmetering system capable of measuring the total volume5The Pall (Gelman) 1235 filter holder has been found suitable for this purpose.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this informa
28、tion to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.6The Pall (Gelman) 1119 filter holder has been found suitable for this purpose.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide t
29、his information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Metering SystemE2515072sampled to within 62 percent of the measured value, andrelated equipment, as shown in Fig. 1.6.1.
30、2 BarometerMercury, aneroid, or other barometer ca-pable of measuring atmospheric pressure with an accuracy of62.5 mm Hg (0.1 in.). Must meet calibration requirementsspecified in 8.3.NOTE 1The barometric pressure reading may be obtained from anearby National Weather Service station. In this case, th
31、e station value(which is the absolute barometric pressure) shall be requested and anadjustment for elevation differences between the weather station andsampling point shall be made at a rate of minus 2.5 mm Hg (0.1 in.) per30 m (100 ft) elevation increase or plus 2.5 mm Hg (0.1 in) per 30 m (100ft)
32、elevation decrease.6.1.3 Dilution Tunnel Gas Temperature MeasurementAtemperature sensor capable of measuring with an accuracy of62C (3.6F). Must meet calibration requirements specified in8.2.6.1.4 Pitot TubeA standard Pitot tube designed accordingto the criteria given in 6.1.4.1 shall be used to mea
33、sure flow inthe dilution tunnel. Pitot tubes will have an assumed Pitotcoefficient of 0.99 and be designed according to these specifi-cations:6.1.4.1 Standard pitot design. (See Appendix X2 for anexample.);6.1.4.2 Hemispherical, ellipsoidal, or conical tip;6.1.4.3 A minimum of six diameters straight
34、 run (basedupon D, the external diameter of the tube) between the tip andthe static pressure holes;6.1.4.4 A minimum of eight diameters straight run betweenthe static pressure holes and the centerline of the external tube,following the 90 bend;6.1.4.5 Static pressure holes of equal size (approximate
35、ly0.1 D), equally spaced in a piezometer ring configuration; and6.1.4.6 90 bend, with curved or mitered junction.6.1.5 Differential Pressure GaugeAn inclined manometeror equivalent shall be readable to the nearest 0.127 mm (0.005in.) H2O for Dp values greater than 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) H2O,and to the n
36、earest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) H2O for Dp values lessthan 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) H2O.6.1.6 Dilution TunnelThe dilution tunnel apparatus isshown in Fig. 3 and consists of the following components:6.1.6.1 HoodConstructed of steel. Hood shall be largeenough to capture all of the flue-gas flow exiting the top
37、of theappliance chimney. The dilution tunnel hood shall be conicalwith a minimum diameter at the entrance of at least four timesthe tunnel diameter. The height of the conical section shall beat least 3 tunnel diameters. A skirt can be used around the inletto the conical section to insure capture of
38、the flue-gas exhaustas shown in 9.2.4 as long as the requirements of 9.2.3 are met.The outlet of the conical section shall be sized to mate with thedilution tunnel. (See Fig. 3).6.1.6.2 90 ElbowsSteel 90 elbows should be used forconnecting mixing duct, straight duct, and optional damperassembly. The
39、re shall be at least two 90 elbows upstream ofthe sampling section (see Fig. 3).FIG. 2 Filter Temperature Monitoring SystemE25150736.1.6.3 Straight DuctSteel should be used to provide theducting for the dilution tunnel from the tunnel inlet in thecollection hood to the blower. Two velocity traverse
40、ports shallbe located at least 8 tunnel diameters downstream of the lastflow disturbance (for example, a 90 elbow) and positioned at90 to each other in the dilution tunnel sampling section. Thesevelocity traverse points shall be of sufficient size to allow entryof the standard Pitot tube but shall n
41、ot exceed 12.7 mm (0.5 in)diameter. Two particulate sample extraction ports shall belocated at least 4 tunnel diameters downstream of the velocitytraverse ports and at least 2 tunnel diameters upstream from thenext downstream flow disturbance. These sample extractionports shall be of sufficient size
42、 to allow entry of the samplingprobes. The total length of duct from the center of the stack inthe hood to the sampling ports shall not exceed 9.1 m (30 ft).6.1.6.4 BlowerSquirrel cage or other type of fan capableof gathering and moving all flue-gases and entrained dilutionair from the dilution tunn
43、el extraction hood to the dilutiontunnel exhaust having sufficient flow to maintain dilution ratespecifications in Section 9. (See 9.2).6.1.7 Test Facility Temperature MonitorA thermocouplelocated centrally in a vertically oriented 150 mm (6 in.) long,50 mm (2 in.) diameter pipe shield that is open
44、at both ends.Must meet the calibration requirements specified in 8.2.6.1.8 AnemometerDevice capable of detecting air veloci-ties less than 0.10 m/sec (20 ft/min) and used for measuring airvelocities in the test facility near the test appliance.6.2 Sample AnalysisThe following items are required fors
45、ample analysis:6.2.1 DesiccatorAny airtight cabinet or other containercontaining desiccant to remove moisture from the probes, frontfilter housings, filters, and filter gaskets prior to and aftertesting;6.2.2 Analytical BalanceWith a resolution 0.1 mg orbetter. Must meet the calibration requirements
46、 specified in 8.4;6.2.3 Hygrometer or Sling PsychrometerTo measure therelative humidity of the laboratory environment with a resolu-tion of 2 % RH or better; and6.2.4 Temperature SensorTo measure the temperature ofthe laboratory environment. Must meet the calibration require-ments specified in 8.2.7
47、. Reagents and Standards7.1 Sample CollectionThe following reagents are re-quired for sample collection:7.1.1 FiltersGlass fiber filters with a diameter of 47 mmwithout organic binder, exhibiting at least 99.95 percentefficiency (0.05 percent penetration) on 0.3-micron dioctylphthalate smoke particl
48、es in accordance with Practice D 2986.Manufacturers quality control test data are sufficient forvalidation of efficiency.77.2 Sample AnalysisOne reagent is required for thesample analysis:7Gelman A/E 61631 and Whatman 1841-47 fllters have been found acceptablefor this purpose. If you are aware of al
49、ternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.FIG. 3 Steel-Constructed Hood ApparatusE25150747.2.1 DesiccantDesiccant shall be capable of drying air toa moisture content of 0.005 g/L or less. Calcium Sulfate(CaSO4) and molecular sieve desiccants are suitable.8. Calibration and StandardizationNOTE 2Maintain a laboratory record of all calibrations.8.1 Volume Metering System
