1、Designation: E 2515 09Standard Test Method forDetermination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected bya Dilution Tunnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2515; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is applicable for the determination ofparticulate matter emissions from solid-fuel-burning
3、 appli-ances including woodstoves, pellet-burning appliances,factory-built fireplaces, masonry fireplaces, masonry heaters,indoor furnaces, and indoor and outdoor hydronic heaterswithin a laboratory environment.1.2 Analytes will be a particulate matter (PM) with no CASnumber assigned. For data quali
4、ty objectives, see AppendixX1.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 This test method does not purport to address all
5、of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2986 Practice for Ev
6、aluation of Air Assay Media by theMonodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test3E 2558 Test Method for Determining Particulate MatterEmissions from Fires in Low Mass Wood-Burning Fire-placesE 2618 Test Method for Measurement of Particulate Emis-sions and Heating Efficiency of Outdoor Solid Fuel-Fi
7、redHydronic Heating Appliances2.2 AISI Documents:4AISI 316 Stainless Steel3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 laboratory environmentthe area or room that is usedfor the storage, weighing, assembly, disassembly, and desicca-tion of filters and related equipment (sam
8、ple recovery andanalysis).3.1.2 particulate matter (PM)all gas-borne matter result-ing from combustion of solid fuel, as specified in the applianceoperation test method, that is collected and retained by thespecified filter and probe system under the conditions of thetest.3.1.3 test facilitythe area
9、 in which the tested appliance isinstalled, operated, and sampled for emissions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The total flue-gas exhaust from a solid fuel burningappliance is collected along with ambient dilution air with acollection hood. Duplicate sampling trains are used to extractgas samples from
10、 the dilution tunnel for determination ofparticulate matter concentrations. Each sample train has twoglass fiber filters in series. The samples are withdrawn at aconsistently proportional rate from sampling points located atthe centroid of a sampling tunnel. During sampling, the filtersare maintaine
11、d at a temperature less than 32C (90F). Themass of the sampled particulate matter is determined gravi-metrically after the removal of uncombined water. The totalparticulate matter mass collected on the filters and in the probeand front filter housing are multiplied by the ratio of thedilution tunnel
12、 flow to sample flow to determine the totalparticulate emissions during a test.4.2 The sampling system for this test method consists ofduplicate dual-filter dry sampling trains. Both of the particulatesampling trains are operated simultaneously at a sample flowrate not to exceed 0.007 m3/min (0.25 c
13、fm/min). The totalparticulate results obtained from the two sampling trains are1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54on Solid Fuel Burning Appliances.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Pu
14、blished June 2009. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E 2515 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Doc
15、ument Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 ConnecticutAve., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http:/www.steel.org.1Copyright ASTM International,
16、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.averaged to determine the particulate emissions and are com-pared as a quality control check on the data validity.4.3 The particulate concentration results for each samplingtrain is adjusted by the particulate conce
17、ntration result from asingle ambient air sample blank collected and processed thesame as the dilution tunnel particulate sampling trains de-scribed in Section 4.2, except that only one filter is used in thesampling train. The ambient air sample probe shall be located2 m (6.6 ft) below the dilution t
18、unnel collection hood and 1 m(3.3 ft) from the chimney centerline. A metering system asdescribed in 6.1.1.4 shall be used to determine the volume ofambient air collected. The sample flow rate shall be in therange 0.004 to 0.008 m3/min (0.15 to 0.25 cfm).4.4 Appliances tested by this test method are
19、to be fueledand operated as specified in appliance-specific test methodssuch as, but not limited to, Test Methods E 2558 or E 2618.5. Safety5.1 DisclaimerThis test method may involve hazardousmaterials, operations, and equipment. This test method may notaddress all of the safety problems associated
20、with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this test method to establishappropriate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to performing thistest method.6. Equipment and Supplies6.1 Sample CollectionThe following equipment is re-quired
21、 for sample collection:6.1.1 Particulate Sampling TrainTwo separate, completeparticulate sampling trains (also referred to as “samplingtrains”) are required for each test run. The filter face velocityshall not exceed 150 mm/sec (30 ft/min) during the test run.The dry gas meter shall be calibrated fo
22、r the same flow raterange as encountered during the test runs. The sampling trainconfiguration is shown in Fig. 1 and consists of the followingcomponents.6.1.1.1 Filter Holder AssemblyThe filter holder assemblyis shown in Fig. 2 and consists of the following components:(1) Filter HoldersThe primary
23、(front) filter holder shallbe aluminum or PTFE.5The backup (rear) filter holder may bemade of materials such as polycarbonate.6With such plasticmaterials, it is recommended not to use solvents when cleaningthe filter holder parts. Mild soap and distilled water can be usedfor cleaning plastic filter
24、holder parts. The two filter holdersshall be placed in series with the backup filter holder located 25to 100 mm (1 to 4 in.) downstream from the primary filterholder. The filter holders shall be capable of holding a filterwith 47 mm diameter. The holder design shall provide apositive seal against le
25、akage from the outside or around thefilters. The use of a porous glass or ceramic frit to support thefirst (front) filter is not allowed. Any type of filter support isallowed for the second (rear) filter.(2) Probe AssembliesProbe assemblies shall consist ofthe following components assembled to provi
26、de a leak-tightseal:(a) Front half of front filter holder as specified in 6.1.1.1(1).(b) ProbeThe probe shall be constructed from seamlessstainless steel (that is, AISI 316 or grade more corrosionresistant) 6.35 mm (14 in.) outside diameter (O.D.) and 0.30 to0.45 m (12 to 18 in.) in length, with a w
27、all thickness such thatthe total weight of the probe and front filter housing can beweighed to an accuracy of 0.1 mg.(3) Filters in accordance with 7.1.1.(4) Filter Gaskets.5The Pall (Gelman) 1235 filter holder has been found suitable for this purpose.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleas
28、e provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.6The Pall (Gelman) 1119 filter holder has been found suitable for this purpose.If you are aware of alternative suppl
29、iers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Particulate Sampling TrainE25150926.1.1.2 Filter Temperature Monitoring SystemA tempera-ture senso
30、r capable of measuring with an accuracy of 62C(3.6F). The sensor shall be installed at the exit side of the frontfilter holder so that the sensing tip of the temperature sensor isin direct contact with the sample gas as shown in Fig. 2.6.1.1.3 DryerAny system capable of removing waterfrom the sample
31、 gas to less than 1.5 % moisture (volumepercent) prior to the metering system. The system shall includea temperature sensor for demonstrating that sample gas tem-perature exiting the dryer is less than 27C (80F). See Fig. 1for location of the dryer.6.1.1.4 Metering SystemThe metering system shall in
32、-clude a vacuum gauge, leak-free pump, temperature sensorscapable of measuring with an accuracy of 62C (3.6F), gasmetering system capable of measuring the total volumesampled to within 6 2 % of the measured value, and relatedequipment, as shown in Fig. 1.6.1.2 BarometerMercury, aneroid, or other bar
33、ometer ca-pable of measuring atmospheric pressure with an accuracy of62.5 mm Hg (0.1 in.). Must meet calibration requirementsspecified in 8.3.NOTE 1The barometric pressure reading may be obtained from anearby National Weather Service station. In this case, the station value(which is the absolute bar
34、ometric pressure) shall be requested and anadjustment for elevation differences between the weather station andsampling point shall be made at a rate of minus 2.5 mm Hg (0.1 in.) per30 m (100 ft) elevation increase or plus 2.5 mm Hg (0.1 in) per 30 m (100ft) elevation decrease.6.1.3 Dilution Tunnel
35、Gas Temperature MeasurementAtemperature sensor capable of measuring with an accuracy of62C (3.6F). Must meet calibration requirements specified in8.2.6.1.4 Pitot TubeA standard Pitot tube designed accordingto the criteria given in 6.1.4.1 shall be used to measure flow inthe dilution tunnel. Pitot tu
36、bes will have an assumed Pitotcoefficient of 0.99 and be designed according to these specifi-cations:6.1.4.1 Standard pitot design (see Appendix X2 for anexample);6.1.4.2 Hemispherical, ellipsoidal, or conical tip;6.1.4.3 A minimum of six diameters straight run (basedupon D, the external diameter of
37、 the tube) between the tip andthe static pressure holes;6.1.4.4 A minimum of eight diameters straight run betweenthe static pressure holes and the centerline of the external tube,following the 90 bend;6.1.4.5 Static pressure holes of equal size (approximately0.1 D), equally spaced in a piezometer ri
38、ng configuration; and6.1.4.6 90 bend, with curved or mitered junction.6.1.5 Differential Pressure GaugeAn inclined manometeror equivalent shall be readable to the nearest 0.127 mm (0.005in.) water for Dp values greater than 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) water,and to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) water for D
39、p valuesless than 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) water.6.1.6 Dilution TunnelThe dilution tunnel apparatus isshown in Fig. 3 and consists of the following components:6.1.6.1 HoodConstructed of steel. Hood shall be largeenough to capture all of the flue-gas flow exiting the top of theappliance chimney. The diluti
40、on tunnel hood shall be conicalwith a minimum diameter at the entrance of at least four timesthe tunnel diameter. The height of the conical section shall beat least 3 tunnel diameters. A skirt can be used around the inletto the conical section to insure capture of the flue-gas exhaustas shown in 9.2
41、.4 as long as the requirements of 9.2.3 are met.The outlet of the conical section shall be sized to mate with thedilution tunnel. (See Fig. 3.)6.1.6.2 90 ElbowsSteel 90 elbows should be used forconnecting mixing duct, straight duct, and optional damperassembly. There shall be at least two 90 elbows
42、upstream ofthe sampling section. (See Fig. 3.)6.1.6.3 Straight DuctSteel should be used to provide theducting for the dilution tunnel from the tunnel inlet in thecollection hood to the blower. Two velocity traverse ports shallbe located at least 8 tunnel diameters downstream of the lastflow disturba
43、nce (for example, a 90 elbow) and positioned at90 to each other in the dilution tunnel sampling section. Thesevelocity traverse points shall be of sufficient size to allow entryof the standard Pitot tube but shall not exceed 12.7 mm (0.5 in)diameter. Two particulate sample extraction ports shall beF
44、IG. 2 Filter Holder AssemblyE2515093located at least 4 tunnel diameters downstream of the velocitytraverse ports and at least 2 tunnel diameters upstream from thenext downstream flow disturbance. These sample extractionports shall be of sufficient size to allow entry of the samplingprobes. The total
45、 length of duct from the center of the stack inthe hood to the sampling ports shall not exceed 9.1 m (30 ft).6.1.6.4 BlowerSquirrel cage or other type of fan capableof gathering and moving all flue-gases and entrained dilutionair from the dilution tunnel extraction hood to the dilutiontunnel exhaust
46、 having sufficient flow to maintain dilution ratespecifications in Section 9. (See 9.2.)6.1.7 Test Facility Temperature MonitorA thermocouplelocated centrally in a vertically oriented 150 mm (6 in.) long,50 mm (2 in.) diameter pipe shield that is open at both ends.Must meet the calibration requireme
47、nts specified in 8.2.6.1.8 AnemometerDevice capable of detecting air veloci-ties less than 0.10 m/sec (20 ft/min) and used for measuring airvelocities in the test facility near the test appliance.6.2 Sample AnalysisThe following items are required forsample analysis:6.2.1 DesiccatorAny airtight cabi
48、net or other containercontaining desiccant to remove moisture from the probes, frontfilter housings, filters, and filter gaskets prior to and aftertesting;6.2.2 Analytical BalanceWith a resolution 0.1 mg orbetter. Must meet the calibration requirements specified in 8.4;6.2.3 Hygrometer or Sling Psyc
49、hrometerTo measure therelative humidity of the laboratory environment with a resolu-tion of 2 % RH or better; and6.2.4 Temperature SensorTo measure the temperature ofthe laboratory environment. Must meet the calibration require-ments specified in 8.2.7. Reagents and Standards7.1 Sample CollectionThe following reagents are re-quired for sample collection:7.1.1 FiltersGlass fiber filters with a diameter of 47 mmwithout organic binder, exhibiting at least 99.95 % efficiency(0.05 % penetration) on 0.3-micron dioctyl phthalate smokeparti
