1、Designation: E2632/E2632M 13Standard Test Method forEvaluating the Under-Deck Fire Test Response of DeckMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2632/E2632M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard prescribes a method to assess the fire-testresponse characteristics of deck materials when used
3、 as thewalking surface of a deck. The prescribed fire exposure isintended, under test conditions, to determine the heat releaserate and the thermal decomposition modes of decking materialswhen exposed to a burner flame simulating combustiblesburning beneath a deck.21.2 The values stated in either SI
4、 units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard is
5、used to measure and describe theresponse of deck materials to heat and flame under controlledconditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factorsrequired for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the deckmaterials under actual fire conditions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all
6、of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards fo
7、r personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D2898 Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire TestingE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE2067 Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calo-rimetry Fire
8、 Tests2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 13943 Fire Safety Vocabulary3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology E176 or ISO 13943. Whendiscrepancies exist, the definition in Terminology E176 shallprevail.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
9、3.2.1 deck surface area, nthe test specimen area definedby the overall specimen length and width after assembly.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test method described here measures the heatrelease rate of deck materials subjected to a flame sourcelocated beneath a test specimen.4.2 The test method e
10、mploys a diffusion flame based firesource from a nominal 305 mm 12 in. square burner locatedunderneath the test specimen.4.3 An 80 kW fire exposure shall be applied to the undersideof the test specimen for a period of 3 min after which theburner is extinguished.4.4 Fire test response characteristics
11、 monitored and re-corded shall include heat release of the test specimen utilizingoxygen depletion methodologies as described in PracticeE2067. In addition, physical changes of the test specimenduring the test shall be recorded.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method addresses the suitability of
12、 deckmaterials by assessing their response to fire hazards associatedwith sources of flame located beneath the deck material.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.14 on External FireExposures.Current editio
13、n approved Feb. 1, 2013. Published February 2013. DOI: 10.1520/E2632_E2632M-132Appendix X1 provides commentary on the background of this test method aswell as its potential use for evaluation of coatings and surface treatments of deckproducts.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, w
14、ww.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 2
15、0, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Deck Test Specimen6.1 Test material shall be representative of normal dailyproduction and shall be installed according to the manufactur-ers instruct
16、ions. Test material for developmental productsshall be so identified.6.2 Pre-test ConditioningPrior to testing, all materials(deck boards and joist material) shall be conditioned to aconstant weight or for a minimum of 30 days at 21 6 2C706 4 F and 50 6 5 % relative humidity, whichever occurs first.
17、Constant weight shall be defined as occurring when the changein test material weight is less than or equal to 0.1 % in a 24-hperiod. For those materials whose fire test response is poten-tially affected by moisture resident within that material, themoisture content of the test material shall be meas
18、ured prior toconducting the test.6.3 Test Specimen SizeThe overall test specimen width(i.e., direction of joists, see Fig. 1) shall be 710 6 51 mm 286 2.0 in. to accommodate variations in individual deck boardwidth and spacing. The length of individual deck boards shallbe 610 6 6 mm 24 6 0.25 in. Th
19、e deck surface area shall bethe overall test specimen length and width after assembly of thetest specimen. The front deck board shall be flush with the endsof the joists. The rear deck board shall overhang the end of thejoists by 25 6 6mm16 0.25 in. and rest on the ledger boardattached to the test a
20、pparatus. Deck board profiles shall not bechanged from their manufactured dimensions.6.4 JoistsWhen constructing the test specimen, the deckmaterials shall be attached to two nominal 2 by 6-in. Douglas-fir joists with a 406 6 5 mm 16 6 0.2 in. center-to-centerspacing, creating an approximate 90 mm a
21、pprox. 3.5 in.overhang on one side of each joist.7. Under-Deck Test Apparatus (See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2)7.1 BurnerThe ignition source for the test shall be a gasburner with a nominal 305 by 305 mm 12 by 12 in. poroustop surface of a refractory material. The refractory materialshall be a minimum 102-mm
22、4-in. layer of white Ottawa sandused to provide the horizontal surface through which the gas issupplied. The gas supply to the burner shall provide an outputof 80 6 4 kW using a regulated CP propane gas source, andshall be metered throughout the test, with an accuracy of atleast 63 %. Heat release r
23、ates shall be calculated usingpropanes net heat of combustion, which is 50.0 MJ/kg.FIG. 1 Schematic Representation of an Under-Deck Test ApparatusE2632/E2632M 1327.2 Oxygen Depletion CalorimeterThe system includes ahood, associated ducting, and instrumentation to provide heatrelease rate data by oxy
24、gen consumption calorimetry, and isdescribed in Sections 6.4 and 7 of Practice E2067.7.3 The facility where the test is conducted shall be draft-protected and equipped with a system for exhausting smoke ornoxious gases, or both, produced by testing. Air velocity in thevicinity of the test deck surfa
25、ce shall not exceed 0.5 m/s 1.64ft/s. This facility shall be maintained at 20 6 10 C 68 6 18F and at a relative humidity less than 75 % at the time the testbegins. Initiation of flammability testing shall begin within 20min after removal of the test specimen from the pre-testconditioning environment
26、.7.4 Baffle WallsCeramic fiber board or other non-combustible panel product shall be used for the interior surfaceof the baffle walls. The baffle wall shall extend 0.2 m 6 6mm8 6 0.25 in. above the floor to a total height of 0.9 m 6 6mm37 6 0.25 in. and be supported to allow unrestricted airflow.7.5
27、 Joist SupportHorizontal metal plates shall be providedto support the joists along their full length, and also to confineburner flames to the underside of the deck boards locatedbetween the support joists. The support surface of the joistsupport shall be 545 mm 6 6 mm 21.5 6 0.25 in. above thetop of
28、 the burner. If gaps exist between the joists and joistsupport, the user shall be permitted to insert ceramic wool, ofjoist width and no more than 6 mm 0.25 in. thick, along thebottom of each joist to confine burner flames to the undersideof the deck boards.7.6 Back WallCeramic fiber board or other
29、non-combustible panel product shall be used for the interior surfaceof the back wall. The back wall shall extend 0.2 m 6 6mm86 0.25 in. above the floor and be supported to allowunrestricted airflow. Total height of the back wall shall be 2.4m 6 12 mm 8 ft 6 0.5 in.7.7 Ledger BoardA 0.71 m 6 5mm286 0
30、.25 in. longsimulated 38 by 140 mm nominal 2 by 6- in. ledger boardshall be constructed of layers of ceramic fiber board (or othernon-combustible panel product) and attached to the back wall,between the baffle walls, at a height slightly below theoverhang of the rear deck board of the test specimen.
31、7.8 Burner LocationThe burner shall be centered directlyunder the test specimen, midway between the support joists.The distance from the top of the burner to the lowest portion ofthe deck material shall be 690 6 5mm276 0.2 in.7.9 Burner Output VerificationWithout a test specimen inthe apparatus, the
32、 burner output shall be set to 80 6 4kW.Atleast one, 3 min verification run shall be conducted to ensurethe burner heat release rate.8. Under-Deck Test Procedure8.1 The test shall be conducted on a minimum of two testspecimens. If the difference between the peak heat releaserates, determined in 10.3
33、, for these two test specimens isgreater than 20 %, a third replicate shall be required. Thepercent difference shall be calculated using the larger value ofthe two peak heat release rates in the denominator.8.2 Ignite the burner, controlling for a constant 80 6 4kWoutput.8.3 Continue the exposure fo
34、r a 3 min +2 s, -0 s period.Extinguish the burner.8.4 Continue observation for an additional 40 min or untilall combustion has ceased, whichever occurs first. The testshall be terminated immediately if flaming combustion accel-erates uncontrollably (runaway combustion).8.5 Note physical changes of t
35、he deck materials during thetest, including structural failure of any deck board, location offlaming and glowing ignition, and loss of material (i.e., flamingdrops or particles falling from the deck). A video or photo-graphic record of the test shall be obtained.8.6 Measurement of Heat Release RateH
36、eat release rate ismeasured during the tests using an oxygen depletion calorim-eter (per 10.3). The heat release rate shall be measuredthroughout the test duration at a maximum of 6 s intervals.9. Accelerated Aging/Weathering9.1 When it is anticipated that a regulatory or other agencywill require pr
37、e-test accelerated aging/weathering of thesamples, the manufacturer shall have the option to conductsuch weathering. Weathering shall be conducted as specified bythe regulatory agency or applicable methods as specified forthe product. The process shall evaluate the potential for the firetest respons
38、e characteristics as measured in this test method todeteriorate due to accelerated aging/weathering of the deckmaterial. Details of the accelerated aging/weathering methodused, or a reference to a standard test method, shall be includedin the report (see Commentary X1.4).FIG. 2 Schematic Representat
39、ion of a Gas BurnerE2632/E2632M 13310. Report10.1 The report shall include a description of the testmaterial, the accelerated aging/weathering cycle (whenperformed), the test specimen, and support structure.10.2 The report shall include notation of physical changesof the test material during the tes
40、t, including complete burn-through of an individual cross-section, structural failure of anytest material, location of flaming and glowing combustion, andloss of material during the test including (i.e., flaming drops orparticles falling from the deck). A photographic or a videorecord, or both, of t
41、he test shall be reported.10.3 The report shall include complete data on the measuredheat release rate (kW) versus time(s). Because the burner isignited for the first three minutes of the test, the calculation ofthe peak heat release rate during that period shall be reduced bythe amount of heat prov
42、ided by the burner. For the first threeminutes of the test, the peak heat release rate per unit area (PkHRR) shall be reported as: Pk HRR = maximum HRRrecorded 80 kW / deck surface area. Once the burner nolonger affects the heat release rate, the peak heat release rateper unit area (Pk HRR) shall be
43、 reported as: Pk HRR =maximum HRR recorded / deck surface area.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Committee E05 is pursuing the development of dataregarding the precision and bias of this test method. Onelaboratory conducted an evaluation of three products with threereplicates per product. The within-labora
44、tory coefficient ofvariation of peak heat release rate for the three products was3.6 %, 4.2 %, and 2.4 % respectively.12. Keywords12.1 decking products; fire test response; heat release rate;under-deck fire testAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COMMENTARYX1.1 ScopeX1.1.1 This test method was dev
45、eloped in response torecommendations developed by the California Office of theState Fire Marshal (OSFM)5regarding the performance ofdecking materials in a wildland fire (exterior wildfire expo-sure). The wood-plastic composite lumber industry and solidlumber industry participated in the development
46、of theserecommendations. The OSFM recommendations establishedperformance criteria for a variety of materials to be used inexterior buildings, structures, and detached accessory struc-tures. This test method is intended to address one component ofan exterior wildfire exposure, that is, the under-deck
47、 fire test.This is typically a performance test of an as-installed structurecomprised of materials for which information about theirperformance is desired. The test is a practical attempt tosimulate the case where combustible material resides beneath astructure and is capable of becoming involved in
48、 a wildland fireevent. The judgment regarding the magnitude of the fire sourceused was the result of wildland fire studies by UC Berkeley, theOSFM, along with industry input. While this test methodaddresses only fire threats originating below the test specimen,a companion test method is under develo
49、pment within the E05committee which addresses the impact of burning brandsapplied to the upper surface of decks.X1.2 Decking Test Method DevelopmentX1.2.1 The major concern about the ignition of decking isthe hazard that it presents to the habitable structure. Forexample, most decks, porches, patios, and landings are adja-cent and usually attached to the structure. As such, mostdecking is configured so that it can be threatened by twopotential sources of ignition: brands on the surface and flamingmaterial un
