1、Designation: E2788/E2788M 18Standard Specification forUse of Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate (ESCS) as a MineralComponent in the Growing Media and the Drainage Layerfor Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2788/E2788M; the number immediately following t
2、he designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification cove
3、rs the quality and grading of thefollowing materials for use as a mineral component of growingmedia and drainage layer for extensive and intensive vegetative(green) roof systems. The requirements are intended to coveronly materials having normal or average gradation character-istics. Procedures cove
4、red in this specification are not intendedfor evaluating the performance nutrients associated with veg-etative (green) roof growing media. Where other materials areto be used, appropriate limits suitable to their use must bespecified.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to
5、 be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of
6、thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This standard offers an organized collection of
7、informa-tion or a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action. This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances. This ASTM standard is not inten
8、ded to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged, nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects. The word “Standard“ in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been app
9、rovedthrough the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World
10、 Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)and Voids in AggregateC88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use ofSodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateC127 Test Method for Relative D
11、ensity (Specific Gravity)and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine andCoarse AggregatesC330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates forStructural ConcreteC331/C331M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates forConcrete Masonry UnitsD75/D75M Practice fo
12、r Sampling AggregatesD3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils UnderConsolidated Drained ConditionsD5883 Guide for Use of Rotary Kiln Produced ExpandedShale, Clay or Slate (ESCS) as a Mineral Amendment inTopsoil Used for Landscaping and Related PurposesE2114 Terminology for Sustainability Rel
13、ative to the Perfor-mance of BuildingsE2396/E2396M Test Method for Saturated Water Permeabil-ity of Granular Drainage Media Falling-Head Methodfor Vegetative (Green) Roof SystemsE2399/E2399M Test Method for Maximum Media Densityfor Dead Load Analysis of Vegetative (Green) RoofSystemsE2400/E2400M Gui
14、de for Selection, Installation, and Main-tenance of Plants for Green Roof Systems1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 onRoofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.24on Sustainability.Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published
15、March 2018. Originallyapproved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2788 11. DOI:10.1520/E2788_E2788M-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer
16、 to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization establishe
17、d in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1E2777 Guide for Vegetative (Green) Roof SystemsG51 Test Method for Measuring pH of Soil for Use inCorrosion Te
18、sting3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For terms related to Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate(ESCS), refer to Terminology D5883.3.1.2 For terms related to sustainability relative to theperformance of buildings, refer to Terminology E2114.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3 expanded
19、 shale, clay, and slate (ESCS), nalightweight, ceramic material produced by expanding andvitrifying select shale, clay, or slate in a rotary kiln.3.4 extensive vegetative (green) roof system, na vegetative(green) roof system that utilizes a narrow range of specieslimited to herbs, grasses, mosses, a
20、nd drought tolerant succu-lents such as Sedum. These types of plants can potentially besustained in a shallow growing media layer usually six inchesand under with generally less maintenance than intensivevegetative (green) roof systems.3.5 vegetative (green) roof system, nassembly designed tosupport
21、 vegetation growth above a waterproofed membrane.3.6 growing media (media), nthe substrate in which plantstake hold and develop.3.7 intensive vegetative (green) roof system, na vegetative(green) roof system that utilizes a wide variety of plant speciesthat require a growing media greater than six in
22、ches that mayinclude lawns, trees, and shrubs.3.8 Sedums, na succulent plant known for its tolerance forextreme conditions.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 ESCS is a lightweight, ceramic material produced byexpanding and vitrifying select shale, clay or slate in a rotarykiln. It is a highly porous an
23、d low-density material. The rawshale, clay or slate used to produce ESCS is fired in the kiln attemperatures exceeding 1000C. As it exits the kiln thematerial is sterile, inert, and ceramic. Some crushing may beperformed to facilitate final screening in a screening system.ESCS is generally neutral i
24、n pH although the pH can varysomewhat depending on the raw material and the fuel used forprocessing. Test Method C29/C29M determines density (looseunit weight). Test Method C127 is used to determine theabsorption after soaking the material. The particle distributionis determined with the appropriate
25、 sieves as stated in TestMethod C136/C136M. The ESCS to be sampled in accordancewith Practice D75/D75M.5. Requirements5.1 The aggregates shall conform to the gradation require-ments specified in Table 1 and Table 2. For the drainage layerno more than 2 % by volume of aggregate particles shall havea
26、diameter of 48.0 40.0 10.0 Test Method C29/C29M,see Note 1Air Filled Porosity Vol % 30.0 20.0 10.0 Test Method E2399/E2399MMaximum Water-holding Capacity Vol % . . . 12.0 35.0 Test Method E2399/E2399MWater Permeability cm per sec 1.0 cm/s 0.1 cm/s 0.001 cm/s Test Method E2399/E2399MAngle of Internal
27、 Friction (Compacted) degree 32 48 32 48 32 40 Test Method D3080Frost-Resistance % loss 10 % 10 % 5 % Test Method C88Los Angeles Abrasion % loss by weight 35 % . . . . . . AASHTO T96,modified method FM 1-T096(see Note 5)TABLE 4 Chemical Properties of ESCSChemical Properties Unit Drainage Intensive E
28、xtensive Test MethodpH SI . . . 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5 G51,see Note 3Salt Content mmhos/cm 1.50 mmhos/cm 0.60 mmhos/cm 0.60 mmhos/cm Saturated PasteProcedure Method,see Note 4.NOTE 1Care should be taken to specify the proper testing procedure when using Test Method C29/C29M procedure (9.0) for ESCS fines (
29、rodding10.1, jigging 11.1, or shoveling 12.1). Using the shoveling procedure to determine loose bulk density may result in the sample weighing less per volumemoist than it will when dry because moisture tends to cause bulking of the ESCS fines that creates larger air pockets in the sample.NOTE 2ESCS
30、 is generally used in vegetative (green) roof systems as the mineral component of the media or as a granular drainage material. Thehydraulic conductivity of the ESCS will differ depending on type and gradation. The gradation can vary from 1.9 cm 34 in. to fine sand like material.The media may requir
31、e a blend of different sizes of ESCS with or without sand or an organic component, or both, depending on whether the applicationis for an Intensive or Extensive vegetative (green) roof. Variations in the media can be obtained by adjusting the gradation of ESCS to meet the desiredporosity, weight or
32、moisture retention requirement. The main adjustment that needs to be addressed is a correction for the weight and volume relationshipof ESCS fines, that is, the minus 4.75 mm No. 4 sieve size to a similar size of sand. The oven-dry or saturated surface dry/loose unit weight tests (seeTest Method C29
33、/C29M) can be performed to establish the weight-volume relationship.NOTE 3The pH values signify only the pH range for the ESCS aggregate portion of the media using Test Method G51. For pH final blended growingmedia refer to Guide E2777.NOTE 4USDA Staff, 1954, “Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkaline Soils,” USDAAgricultural Handbook 60, L.A. Richards (ed.), U.S.Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC 1954.NOTE 5Florida Method for Resistance to Abrasion of Small Size Coarse Aggregate by Use of the Los Angeles Machine Designation FM 1-T 096.E2788/E2788M 183
