1、Designation: E2880 16bStandard TerminologyRelated to Biorationals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2880; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicat
2、es the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology is used in test methods, specifications,guides, and practices related to biorationals comprisingbiologically-derived materials or, if synthesized,
3、the materialmust be structurally similar and functionally identical to abiologically occurring material with minor differences betweenthe stereochemical isomer ratios. These definitions are writtento ensure that standards related to these materials and their usesare properly understood and interpret
4、ed. Terms included in thisstandard cover materials or products derived from animals,plants, microorganisms, or minerals and focus on functional ormarketing claims, or both.2. Terminologybiochemical pesticide, nbiopesticide that is a naturallyoccurring substance that controls pests by nontoxic mecha-
5、nisms. Biochemical pesticides include substances, such asinsect sex pheromones, that interfere with mating, as well asvarious scented plant extracts that attract insect pests totraps.biopesticide, n, adjthe term for certain types of pesticidesderived from such natural materials as animals, plants,ba
6、cteria, and certain minerals.biorational, n, adjthe term used to characterize a broadrange of low environmental impact substances or productsthat are typically biologically-derived or, if synthetic, struc-turally similar and functionally identical to a biologicallyoccurring material with minor diffe
7、rences between the re-spective stereochemical isomer ratios derived from biologi-cal or synthetic origins.DISCUSSIONBiorationals include biopesticides as well as nonpesti-cidal products, such as, but not limited to, those that are used for cropstress management, enhanced plant physiology benefits, r
8、oot growthmanagement, postharvest treatments or as an alternative to pesticides.DISCUSSIONBiorationals are used in areas, such as but not limitedto, agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, plant health, industrial and resi-dential areas.biosurfactant, na biologically produced molecule that actsas a surf
9、ace-active agent.microbial pesticide, nbiopesticide consisting of a microor-ganism (for example, a bacterium, fungus, virus or proto-zoan) as the active ingredient.DISCUSSIONMicrobial pesticides can control many different kindsof pests, although each separate active ingredient is relatively specific
10、for its target pests.plant-incorporated-protectant, nbiopesticidal substancethat plants produce from genetic material that has beenadded to the plant.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eithe
11、r reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend.
12、If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Indiv
13、idual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured f
14、rom the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 onPesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee E35.22 on Pesticide Formulati
15、ons and DeliverySystems.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originallyapproved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E288016a. DOI:10.1520/E288016BCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1
