1、Designation: E2995 14E2995 15Standard Specification forASTM Thermohydrometers with Integral Low-HazardThermometers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2995; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers glass thermohydrometers of various scale graduation systems, intended for use in a variet
3、y ofASTM Test Methods.1.2 The thermohydrometers presented in this standard are not exact replacements for the thermohydrometers in SpecificationE100; the thermometers have larger maximum permissible scale errors than do their Hg-filled counterparts. The user should decideif these thermohydrometers a
4、re appropriate for use in his or her application.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of reg
5、ulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD3290 Specification for Bond and Ledger Papers for Permanent Records (Withdr
6、awn 2010)3E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of ThermometersE100 Specification for ASTM HydrometersE126 Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM HydrometersE344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions given
7、in Terminology E344 apply.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 ledger paper, na paper characterized by strength, high tearing resistance, eraseability, water resistance, ink receptivity,uniformity of surface, and smoothness.3.2.1.1 DiscussionOriginally, ledger paper was used espe
8、cially for pen and ink records. Most ledger papers are surface sized, frequently subjectedto appreciable wear, and must have a high degree of permanence and durability.3.2.2 length of the scale, nlength of the nominal range in the stem, not including graduations extending above and below thenominal
9、limits.3.2.3 thermohydrometer, nglass hydrometer having an integral thermometer.3.2.4 top of the thermohydrometer, ntop of the finished instrument.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05 o
10、nLiquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014Aug. 1, 2015. Published December 2014August 2015. Originally approved in 1910. Last previous edition approved in 2014 asE2995 14. DOI: 10.1520/E2995-1410.1520/E2995-152 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM webs
11、ite, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an A
12、STM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In
13、all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.5 total length, noverall length of the finished thermohydrometer.inst
14、rument.4. Specifications4.1 Thermohydrometers shall conform to the detailed specifications in Table 1 and to the general requirements specified inSections 5 15.4.2 Thermohydrometers shall conform to the inspection criteria found in Section 16 and the calibration and verification criteriafound in Sec
15、tion 14.4.3 Thermohydrometers manufactured to previous revisions of this specification shall retain the same ASTM status as thosemeeting current specifications.4.4 At time of purchase, scale errors shall not exceed the maximum permissible scale error found in Table 1.NOTE 1CautionUsers should be awa
16、re that both temperature and density indications of thermohydrometers may change with rough handling,shock, exposure to aggressive liquids, and thermal cycling, among other factors. Consequently, test results and performance obtained at the time ofmanufacture may not necessarily apply throughout an
17、extended period of use. Periodic calibration or verification of these instruments, in accordance withprocedures set forth in Standard Test Method E126, (for the hydrometer), or Standard Test Method E77is recommended (for the integral thermometer),is recommended.5. Type5.1 Thermohydrometers shall be
18、of the constant mass, variable displacement type. Thermohydrometers shall be made of glass,except for the scale, ballast, cement, and the thermometric liquid of the thermometer.5.2 The outer surface of the stem and body shall be symmetrical about the vertical axis. There shall be no uneven or unnece
19、ssarythickening of the walls, and no abrupt changes or constrictions that would hinder thorough cleaning or tend to trap air bubbles whenthe instrument is immersed.5.3 The thermohydrometer shall float with its axis vertical in the liquids for which it is intended.5.4 The thermohydrometer shall be th
20、oroughly dry on the inside when sealed. The top of the stem shall be neatly roundedwithout unnecessary thickening.5.5 The glass shall be smooth, transparent, and free of bubbles, strain patterns, cracks, or other imperfections that might interferewith the use of the thermohydrometer. The glass shall
21、 adequately resist the reaction of chemical agents to which thermohydrom-eters may be exposed, and also shall have suitable thermal properties to permit its use over the range of temperatures to which itmay be subjected. In general, glasses suitable for constructing the bulbs of thermometers are sat
22、isfactory for thermohydrometers.5.6 The API thermohydrometers are intended for use in conjunction with Test Method D287D287, with hydrometer readingsbeing corrected in accordance with Guide D1250, IP 200. Therefore, these thermohydrometers shall be made of glass having acubical coefficient of expans
23、ion of approximately 0.000023/1C or 0.0000128/1F.6. Body6.1 The preferred shapes for thermohydrometers in this specification is shown in Fig. 1.7. Ballast7.1 Material used for ballast shall be secured to the lower part of the body, with no loose material of any sort inside thethermohydrometer. When
24、cement is used to hold the ballast securely in place, this cement shall not soften below 105C (221F).7.2 If shot is used and sealed with wax, the wax shall not soften below 105C (221F)8. Stem8.1 The stem shall be uniform in cross section, with no perceptible irregularities. It shall extend at least
25、15 mm above the topgraduation, and remain cylindrical for at least 3 mm below the lowest graduation.9. Scale9.1 The material for the scale is not specified. However, if paper is used, ledger paper, meeting the specifications in SpecificationD3290, shall be used. The scale may be anchored by a design
26、 which prevents it from moving; otherwise it shall be fixed in placewith a cement that will not soften below 105C (221F) and will not deteriorate with time. The paper shall show no evidence ofscorching or charring when received, or after use at 105C (221F). The scale shall be straight and without tw
27、ist.10. Markings10.1 Graduation lines and inscriptions shall be in a permanent black marking material, such as India ink.E2995 152TABLE 1 Specifications for ASTM ThermohydrometersAPI Gravity Thermohydrometersfor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids of Similar Surface Tensions (33 dynes/cm or less)Th
28、ermometer Scale in BodyASTM Thermohydrometer No. Nominal API Gravity Range, degS550HL-14 -6 to +6S551HL-14 -1 to 11S552HL-14 9 to 21S553HL-14 19 to 31S554HL-14 29 to 41S555HL-14 39 to 51S556HL-14 49 to 61S557HL-14 59 to 71S558HL-14 69 to 81S559HL-14 79 to 91S560HL-14 89 to 101S561HL-14 37 to 49S562H
29、L-14 64 to 76Thermohydrometer DimensionsTotal length, mm 374 to 387Body diameter, mm 18 to 25Stem diameter, min, mm 4.0Hydrometer ScaleStandard temperature, F 60Subdivisions, API 0.1Intermediate lines at, API 0.5Main (numbered) lines at, API 1.0Scale error at any point not to exceed, API 0.1Length o
30、f nominal scale, mm 125 to 145Thermometer ScaleRange, F 0 to 150Immersion totalSubdivisions, F 2Intermediate lines at, F 10Main (numbered) lines at, F 20Scale error at any point not to exceed, F 2Scale length, mm 80 to 110Density Thermohydrometersfor Petroleum Products and Other Liquids of Similar S
31、urface Tensions (33 dynes/cm or less)Thermometer Scale in BodyASTM Thermohydrometer No. Nominal Range, kg/m3 at 15CS500HL-14 600 to 650S501HL-14 650 to 700S502HL-14 700 to 750S503HL-14 750 to 800S504HL-14 800 to 850S505HL-14 850 to 900S506HL-14 900 to 950S507HL-14 950 to 1000S508HL-14 1000 to 1050S5
32、09HL-14 1050 to 1100S510HL-14 775 to 825Thermohydrometer DimensionsTotal length, mm 374 to 387Body diameter, mm 18 to 25Stem diameter, min, mm 4.0Hydrometer ScaleStandardization temperature, C 15Subdivisions, kg/m3 at 15C 0.5Intermediate lines, kg/m3 at 15C 1.0Number lines, kg/m3 at 15C 5Main (numbe
33、red) lines, kg/m3 at 15C 10Scale error at any point not to exceed, kg/m3 at 15C 0.5Length of nominal scale, mm 125 to 145Thermometer ScaleRange, C -20 to 65Immersion totalSubdivisions, C 1Intermediate lines at, C 5Main (numbered) lines at, C 10E2995 15310.2 All graduation lines shall be straight, fi
34、ne lines not exceeding one fifth of the graduation interval in thickness, and in nocase more than 0.2 mm. The lines shall be perpendicular to the vertical axis of the thermohydrometer. The lengths of main divisionlines, subdivision lines, and intermediate lines, if used, shall be chosen so as to fac
35、ilitate readings. The shortest lines shall be atleast 2 mm long.10.3 Identification of scale increments.10.3.1 Scale graduations shall be numbered at ten scale division increments.10.3.2 The numeric values displayed on the numbered scale graduations of API thermohydrometers shall be complete valuesc
36、orresponding to the indicated API value.10.3.3 The numeric values displayed on the numbered scale graduations of density thermohydrometers shall be complete valuesat 50 kgm3 intervals. Numeric values appearing on intermediate numbered scale divisions may be abbreviated.10.3.4 The numeric values disp
37、layed on the numbered scale of the thermometer shall be complete values.10.3.5 Scale Slippage IndicatorThere shall be a permanent reference mark on the stem of the thermohydrometercorresponding to the first numbered scale graduation. An etched mark on the stem corresponding to the first numbered gra
38、duationon the scale, an ink line on the inside of the stem corresponding to the first numbered graduation on the scale, or a length of redglass fused to the inside top of the stem and extending to the uppermost numbered graduation on the scale are examples ofacceptable means for providing a scale sl
39、ippage indicator.11. Hydrometer Scale Units11.1 All thermohydrometers shall be graduated to read correctly where the plane of the level liquid surface intersects the stem.11.2 Thermohydrometers indicating density shall be graduated to indicate the density of liquids in kg/m3 at 15C.11.3 API thermohy
40、drometers shall be graduated to indicate degrees of API gravity.Scale error at any point not to exceed, C 1Scale length, mm 80 to 110Thermohydrometer with Thermometer in BodyFIG. 1 Typical Thermohydrometer DesignE2995 15412. Thermometer12.1 The thermometer shall be of the liquid-in-glass type.12.2 T
41、he thermometer fluid shall have the following characteristics:12.2.1 Biodegradable,12.2.2 Not appear on any suspected carcinogen list,12.2.3 Shall equilibrate to the temperature of its environment (in a stirred liquid bath) and indicate temperature plus or minusits maximum permitted scale error with
42、in five minutes at equilibrium,12.2.4 Shall permit repetition of temperature indication within 210 of one scale division,12.2.5 Shall be dyed to provide good visual contrast against the thermometer capillary and the paper scale, and12.2.6 The dye used shall be permanent and resistant to fading from
43、sunlight.12.3 The capillary stem shall be essentially parallel to the thermohydrometer axis.12.4 The thermometer scale material shall comply with the requirements of Section 9.12.5 The thermometer scale markings shall conform to the requirements of Section 10.13. Special Inscription13.1 There shall
44、appear on the scale or an extension thereof, or on a suitable label cemented permanently to the inside of theinstrument, an inscription that indicates the units of measure of the hydrometer. The thermometer shall also comply with thisrequirement.13.2 The inscription shall also indicate the ASTM ther
45、mohydrometer number, which shall include the (two-digit) year of itsdesignation or most recent revision, for example: ASTM S554HL-14.13.3 The inscription shall also include a unique serial number and the name or trademark of the manufacturer or vendor.14. Calibration and Verification14.1 Calibration
46、 or verification, when required, shall be performed at three test points (approximately low, medium and high)on the hydrometer scale. For example, a thermohydrometer with a range of 9 to 21 API shall be calibrated or verified atapproximately 10, 15 and 20 degrees API; a thermohydrometer with a densi
47、ty range of 700 to 750 kg/m3 shall be calibrated orverified at approximately 700, 725, and 750, and so forth. Calibration or verification shall be performed in accordance with TestMethod E126.14.2 Calibration or verification of the thermometer scale, when required, shall be performed at two or more
48、test points on thethermometer scale. Test points shall be chosen to bracket the range of use. Calibration or verification shall be performed inaccordance with Test Method E77.15. Packaging15.1 The thermohydrometer shall be supplied in suitable packaging that will permit the viewer to visually determ
49、ine the packagecontents, identified by ASTM number, range, and additional description as appropriate.16. Procedure for Inspections16.1 Manufacturers shall perform the following inspections before releasing finished instruments. For quality assurancepurposes a statistically robust percentage of each lot of instruments shall be inspected. If a Certificate of Conformance, howevernamed, is issued for each instrument, the certificate shall state the quality assurance procedure the manufacturer uses to issue thecertificate.16.2 Visual
