1、Designation: E3074/E3074M 16Standard Practice forClearance Examinations Following Lead Hazard ReductionActivities in Single Family Dwellings, in Individual Units ofMultifamily Dwellings, and in Other Child-OccupiedFacilities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3074/E3074M; the numbe
2、r immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.
3、1 This practice covers visual assessment for the presenceof deteriorated paint, surface dust, painted debris, and paintchips with environmental sampling of surface dust to deter-mine whether a lead hazard exists at the time of samplecollection, following lead-hazard reduction activities, or otherbui
4、lding maintenance and modification activities.1.2 This practice addresses clearance examination of single-family detached dwellings (including exterior structures, suchas fences), individual units in multifamily dwellings, commonareas or exterior sites, and child-occupied facilities.1.3 This practic
5、e also addresses clearance examinations thatmay include soil sampling, for example when soil abatementhas been performed.1.4 This practice includes a procedure for determiningwhether regulatory requirements for lead clearance levels fordust and, where warranted, soil have been met, and, conse-quentl
6、y whether a clearance area, passes or fails a clearanceexamination.NOTE 1This practice is based on that portion of “clearance” describedfor the United States of America in 40 CFR Part 745 for abatement, andin 24 CFR Part 35 for lead-hazard reduction activities other thanabatement.1.5 The values stat
7、ed in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.6 Th
8、is standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documen
9、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD5124 Practice for Testing and Use of a Random NumberGenerator in Lumber and Wood Products SimulationE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1480 Terminology of Facility Management (Building-Related)E1605 Terminology Relating
10、 to Lead in BuildingsE1727 Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples forSubsequent Lead DeterminationE1728 Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples UsingWipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead Determi-nationE1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Leadin Surface DustE2239 Pra
11、ctice for Record Keeping and Record Preservationfor Lead Hazard ActivitiesE2255/E2255M Practice for Conducting VisualAssessmentsfor Lead Hazards in Buildings2.2 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations324 CFR Part 35 Department of Housing and Urban Devel-opment (HUD), Requirements for Notification, Evaluati
12、onand Reduction of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in FederallyOwned Residential Property and Housing Receiving Fed-eral Assistance (especially subparts B and R)40 CFR Part 745 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention in Certain Resi-dential Structures (especially subpart
13、s D, L and Q)1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.23 on LeadHazards Associated with Buildings.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. DOI:10.1520/E3074_E3074M-16.2For r
14、eferenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office, 732 N. Capitol S
15、t., NW,Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms not appearing here,see Terminologies E631, E1480, and E1605.3.2 Definitions of
16、 Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 clearance, ncombined visual and quantitative envi-ronmental evaluation used to determine if a hazardous level oflead remains after a lead hazard reduction, or other buildingmaintenance or modification activity has been performed.3.2.1.1 DiscussionUsually perfor
17、med with the idea ofdetermining if the space undergoing the evaluation is safe forreoccupancy.3.2.2 clearance area, nwork area and additional spacesoutside the work area where lead contamination may haveoccurred during lead hazard reduction and other buildingmaintenance or modification activities.3.
18、2.2.1 DiscussionThe spaces outside the work area mayinclude rooms connected to the work area, egress routes, wastestorage areas, and grounds adjoining exterior work areas.3.2.3 clearance examination, nthe process of conductinga combined visual and quantitative environmental evaluationused to determi
19、ne if a hazardous level of lead remains after alead hazard reduction, or other building maintenance or modi-fication activity has been performed.3.2.4 clearance level, nvalue, specified by regulationfrom an authority having jurisdiction or by contractualagreement, that indicates the maximum amount o
20、f lead permit-ted in dust on a surface following completion of a lead hazardreduction, or other building maintenance or modification ac-tivity.3.2.5 work area, nthe interior or exterior space where leadhazard control, or other building maintenance or modificationactivities are performed.3.2.5.1 Disc
21、ussionThe interior work space may include(1) a portion of a room, an entire room, or room equivalent, or(2) portions of multiple rooms, multiple rooms or roomequivalents, depending upon the extent or location, or both, ofthe lead hazard control activity. The exterior work space mayinclude (1) a port
22、ion of a building facade, an entire buildingfacade, associated structures, such as fences, and (2) bare soil.4. Significance and Use4.1 A clearance examination of abatement areas and otherareas associated with other lead-hazard control activities, orbuilding maintenance or modification activities in
23、 single-family detached dwellings, individual units in multifamilydwellings, common areas or exterior sites, and child-occupiedfacilities is performed to determine that the clearance area isadequately safe for reoccupancy.4.2 It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toassure that all re
24、gulatory, contractual and personnel require-ments are met prior to conduct of a clearance examination. Ata minimum, users of this standard shall be trained in its use andin safe practices for its conduct.NOTE 2Authorities having jurisdiction may have certification orspecific training requirements, o
25、r both.4.3 This practice is one of a set of standards developed forlead hazard management activities. The visual assessmentprocedures required in this practice are found in PracticeE2255/E2255M and the record keeping requirements are foundin Practice E2239.4.4 Although this practice was primarily de
26、veloped fordwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this practicemay be also applied to nonresidential buildings and relatedstructures by agreement between the client and the individualconducting the clearance examination.4.5 This practice may be used by owners and propertymanagers, includ
27、ing owner-occupants, and others responsiblefor maintaining facilities. It may also be used by lead hazardmanagement consultants, construction contractors, laborgroups, real estate and financial professionals, insuranceorganizations, legislators, regulators, and legal professionals.4.6 This practice
28、does not address whether lead-hazardreduction activities or other building modification or mainte-nance work were performed properly.5. General Requirements5.1 Applicable RegulationsThe clearance examinationshall be conducted in accordance with all regulations promul-gated by authorities having juri
29、sdiction. Applicable regulationsare those that are currently in force in jurisdictions where theclearance examination is conducted.5.2 Personnel QualificationsAll persons conducting orparticipating in the clearance examination shall be qualified inaccordance with regulations promulgated by authoriti
30、es havingjurisdiction.NOTE 3In the United States of America, 40 CFR Part 745, Subpart L,or 24 CFR Part 35, Subpart R, or both, may apply.5.3 Reporting ScheduleBefore arriving at the property,determine with the client the schedule for reporting the resultsof the clearance examination. Specify in hour
31、s or days whenthe clearance summary and clearance report are due to theclient. Consider in the reporting schedule the following: whenthe last sample for the clearance examination is to be collected;when the results of testing are to be available; and, whether andhow reoccupancy, additional construct
32、ion, or maintenancework, or other factors affect the schedule.5.4 Dust Wipe Sampling MaterialsUse only dust wipesthat meet Specification E1792 to collect samples of surfacedust.5.5 Dust Sampling ProcedureCollect surface dust wipesamples in accordance with Practice E1728. Record the uniquelocation de
33、scription, unique sample identifier, the dimensionsof the area sampled, and all other sample collection informa-tion on the Paint/Dust/Debris Data Form (given in PracticeE2255/E2255M).5.6 Soil Sampling ProcedureWhen required, collect soilsamples in accordance with Practice E1727. Record the uniquelo
34、cation description, unique sample identifier, and all othersample collection information on the Ground Data Form (givenin Practice E2255/E2255M).E3074/E3074M 1625.7 Laboratory Selection:5.7.1 Use only laboratories that hold the accreditations,certifications, and recognitions needed to conduct lead t
35、estingservices required by regulations promulgated by authoritieshaving jurisdiction.NOTE 4In the United States of America, laboratories are recognizedfor analysis of lead in soil or dust wipe samples, or both, as applicable, bythe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through the NationalLead
36、Laboratory Accreditation Program (NLLAP).46. Activities Conducted Prior to Visual Assessment andSample Collection6.1 Permissions and ReleasesIn advance of carrying outthe Clearance Examination, obtain the following:6.1.1 Signed releases permitting entry to the property andconducting the clearance ex
37、amination, as may be needed, priorto attempting entry to the property,6.1.2 Permission to acquire and review available propertyconstruction records and any other records appropriate to theconduct of the clearance examination, and6.1.3 Permission to collect samples6.2 Determine Clearance AreaDetermin
38、e the clearancearea with the client or clients designee.6.2.1 For multifamily housing, agree on the specific dwell-ing units.6.2.2 If within a specific dwelling unit the location of theinterior work area in which the lead hazard reduction or otherbuilding maintenance or modification activity was per
39、formed isunknown, the clearance examiner shall assume that the clear-ance area is the entire interior of the dwelling.6.2.3 If the exterior work area upon which hazard reductionor other building maintenance or modification activity wasperformed is unknown, the clearance examiner shall assumethat the
40、 clearance area is the entire exterior property.6.3 Prepare Floor and Site Plan(s):6.3.1 Prepare a floor plan (interior) or property site plan(exterior), or both, to cover all the clearance areas, asapplicable, in accordance with Practice E2255/E2255M foreach dwelling unit, common area or exterior s
41、ite to beexamined. Each plan shall be used to record clearance exami-nation activities including:6.3.1.1 Location of the clearance area,6.3.1.2 Locations from which samples of soil or surfacedust, or both, were collected prior to a lead hazard or otherbuilding maintenance or modification activity,NO
42、TE 5These samples of soil or surface dust, or both, may have beencollected to document lead levels prior to the conduct of abatement, otherlead hazard activities, and other building maintenance or modificationactivities.6.3.1.3 Area(s) used for the storage of debris and waste,6.3.1.4 Route(s) used b
43、y workers to walk from the workarea to the exterior of the building,6.3.1.5 Locations(s) where deteriorated paint, surface dust,paint chips, and painted or unpainted debris (if any) had beenobserved within the work area during visual examination(s).6.4 Clearance Examination Initiation:6.4.1 Verify w
44、ith the client or clients designee, that the leadhazard reduction or other building maintenance or modificationactivity has been completed before initiating the visual assess-ment.6.4.2 Wait at least 1 h after cleaning has been completedbefore initiating the visual assessment to allow airborne dust
45、tosettle.7. Protocol for Interior Visual Assessment7.1 Conduct visual assessments of all clearance areas ineach dwelling unit, common area, or exterior site to beexamined in accordance with Practice E2255/E2255M.7.1.1 Spaces Outside the Work AreaAssess each spaceoutside the work area but within the
46、clearance area.7.1.1.1 Rooms Connected to the Work AreaAssess eachroom connected to the work area for the presence of surfacedust and painted debris. If no surface dust or painted debris isobserved, the room connected to the work area passes visualassessment. Any observation of surface dust or paint
47、ed debrisconstitutes failure.7.1.1.2 Storage AreasAssess each storage area, if any,where painted debris or other lead hazard reduction or otherbuilding maintenance or modification waste has been stored. Ifno painted debris or other lead hazard reduction or buildingmaintenance or modification waste i
48、s observed, the storagearea passes visual assessment. Any observation of painteddebris or lead hazard reduction waste constitutes failure7.1.1.3 Egress RoutesAssess egress routes for the pres-ence of surface dust and painted debris. If no surface dust orpainted debris is observed in an egress route,
49、 the egress routepasses visual assessment. Any observation of surface dust orpainted debris constitutes failure.7.1.2 Work AreaAssess the work area for the presence ofdeteriorated paint, surface dust, and painted debris. If nodeteriorated paint, surface dust, or painted debris is observed,the work area passes visual assessment. Any observation ofdeteriorated paint, surface dust, or painted debris constitutesfailure.7.2 If any part of the clearance area does not pass visualassessment, advise the client or the clients designee, or both,that corrective actio
