1、Designation: E3107 17Standard Test Method forResistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation forBallistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot Packs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method addresses resistance to ballistic pen-etration and to backfac
3、e deformation (BFD) for ballistic-resistant torso body armor and shoot packs.1.2 This test method is intended for testing of soft bodyarmor, hard armor plates, in conjunction with armor, and shootpacks mounted on a clay block as the backing assembly.NOTE 1This test method does not apply to ballistic
4、 helmets, inserts,trauma packs, trauma plates, or accessories.1.3 The test method does not specify performance criteria orusage of the test results.1.4 This test method does not address conditioning of testitems.1.5 It is anticipated that this test method will be referencedby certifiers, purchasers,
5、 or other users in order to meet theirspecific needs.1.5.1 Purchasers and other users will specify the ballistictest threats to be used. Within this test method, the referencedefining the ballistic test threats is called the “test threatsdocument.”1.5.2 In this test method, “other standards and spec
6、ifica-tions” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (forexample, military standards, purchase specifications) that re-quire the use of this test method. Purchasers and other users areresponsible for the “other standards and specifications” and forspecifying any requirements that superse
7、de those of this testmethod.1.6 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all
8、of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with
9、 internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:
10、2E3004 Specification for Preparation and Verification of ClayBlocks Used in Ballistic-Resistance Testing of Torso BodyArmorE3005 Terminology for Body ArmorE3062 Specification for Indoor Ballistic Test Ranges forSmall Arms and Fragmentation Testing of Ballistic-resistant ItemsE3068 Test Method for Co
11、ntact Measurement of BackfaceDeformation in Clay Backing During BodyArmor TestingE3086 Practice for Creating Appliques for Use in Testing ofNonplanar Soft Body Armor Designed for Females2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO/IEC 17025:2005 General Requirements for the Compe-tence of Testing and Calibration Laborator
12、ies2.3 NIJ Standard:4NIJ Standard-0101.06 Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor3. Terminology3.1 For terms not defined in this test method, the followingdefinitions of Terminology E3005 apply: accessories, angle ofincidence, backface deformation, backing assembly, backingmaterial, backing fixture, body
13、 armor, complete penetration,fair hit, hard armor, obliquity, partial penetration, plates, shoot1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.04 on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).Current edi
14、tion approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. DOI: 10.1520/E3107-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AST
15、M website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.4Available from National Institute of Justice (NIJ), 810 7th St., NW, Washington,DC 20531, http:/nij.go
16、v.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Int
17、ernational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1pack, shot-to-edge distance, shot-to-shot distance, soft bodyarmor, stop, strike face, test item, unfair hit, witness panel, andyaw.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific t
18、o This Standard:3.2.1 applique, na three-dimensional item made frombacking material that is shaped and sized for testing orconditioning a nonplanar test item.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSome appliques are designed for thepurpose of filling the entire space behind a nonplanar test item;other appliques are desi
19、gned to assess features of a nonplanartest item.3.2.2 striking device, ndevice used on a clay block toestablish an appropriate, flat surface on the clay backingmaterial with respect to the backing fixture edges. E30043.2.3 test series, nthe set of all shots necessary to obtainthe required number of
20、fair hits on a single test item or the setof all shots necessary over multiple test items to generateballistic response data.3.2.4 warmer round, na projectile fired from a receiver orfirearm, prior to testing, to warm the test barrel.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method specifies the method
21、s for assessingpenetration resistance and backface deformation for ballistic-resistant torso soft body armor, hard armor plates, in conjunc-tion with armor, and shoot packs.4.2 A number of individual test items, each mounted on aclay block, is impacted one at a time with a number of testthreats. The
22、 type and velocity of the test threats are specified inthe test threats document, and the quantity and shot pattern arespecified in other standards and specifications.5. Significance and Use5.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department ofJustice standards and specifications require assessing th
23、e pen-etration resistance and backface deformation of ballistic-resistant body armor.5.2 This test method may be used by private-sector andgovernment laboratories, manufacturers, research and develop-ment organizations, and others assessing the ballistic resistanceof body armor or performing researc
24、h and development of newmaterials.5.3 It is intended that this test method be referenced by otherstandards, specifications, or test methods.6. Test Equipment and Apparatus6.1 Test threats shall be specified in a separate test threatsdocument.6.2 The ballistic test range shall meet the requirements o
25、fSpecification E3062.6.3 The method of measuring yaw shall be with yaw cards,flash radiography, high-speed video, or photography. Yaw shallbe measured by the system to an accuracy of 1.6.4 Clay blocks shall be used as backing assemblies behindtest items and shall meet the requirements of Specificati
26、onE3004.6.5 For measuring BFD, the measurement method shall bespecified in other standards and specifications.6.6 Measurement of BFD may be performed using contactor non-contact measurement instruments, and other standardsand specifications will specify which method to use.6.6.1 When the contact met
27、hod for BFD measurement isused, the equipment shall be as specified in Test MethodE3068.7. Hazards7.1 The ballistic tests described in this test method haveinherent hazards. Adequate safeguards for personnel and prop-erty shall be employed when conducting these tests.8. Sampling and Test Items8.1 Th
28、e test items shall be individual soft armor panels, hardarmor plates, in conjunction with systems, or shoot packs.8.2 Test item details, including quantity, size, andconditioning, shall be specified in other standards and specifi-cations.NOTE 2The supplier is responsible for providing a sufficient n
29、umberof test items to accomplish the required testing. It is recommended thatspare test items be provided.8.3 When the use of a spare test item is required, detailsabout selecting the appropriate spare item shall be specified inother standards and specifications.9. Test Requirements9.1 The intended
30、angle of incidence, obliquity, or other shotdirection details, if any, for all shots shall be specified in otherstandards and specifications.NOTE 3Typical angles of incidence are 0, 30, and 45, with mosttesting at angles of incidence being 0.9.2 When warmer rounds are necessary, a number of testthre
31、ats shall be fired through the projectile firing system.NOTE 4Examples of when warmer rounds may be necessary include,but are not limited to, at the start of a new day of testing and uponreconfiguration of the test range.9.3 Unless specified elsewhere, each ballistic impact shallmeet the requirement
32、s listed below to be considered a fair hit.See Annex A1 for flowchart showing the decision logic fordetermination of fair hit.9.3.1 The test threat shall impact the test item at an angle ofincidence or obliquity within 5 from the intended angle.9.3.2 The test threat shall have yaw verified to be 5 u
33、singa yaw card, flash radiography, high speed video, or photogra-phy. Yaw shall be checked for every test threat shot.9.3.2.1 The yaw measurement equipment shall be posi-tioned perpendicular to the projectile line of flight. The yawmeasurement equipment shall be securely mounted and an-chored to mai
34、ntain its required position and alignment.9.3.2.2 When photographic means are used to assess theprojectile yaw angle, the measurement shall be made as closeas practical to the strike face of the test item but not more than305 mm (12 in.) from the front of the strike face.E3107 1729.3.2.3 When yaw ca
35、rds are used to assess the projectileyaw angle, the cards shall be positioned between 51 and 305mm (2 and 12 in.) from the front of the strike face of the testitem.9.3.3 The test threat shall impact the test item no closer tothe edge of the test item than the minimum shot-to-edgedistance. The measur
36、ement for shot-to-edge distance shall betaken from the center of the projectile impact to the nearestedge of the ballistic material in the test item. When notspecified elsewhere, the minimum shot-to-edge distance shallbe 51 mm (2 in.).9.3.4 For intended edge shots, the test threat shall impact thete
37、st item no further than the maximum shot-to-edge distance.9.3.5 The test threat shall impact the test item no closer to aprior impact than the minimum shot-to-shot distance. Themeasurement for shot-to-shot distance shall be taken from thecenter of one projectile impact to the center of another. When
38、the minimum shot-to-shot distance is not specified, the mini-mum shot-to-shot distance shall be 51 mm (2 in.).NOTE 5When assessing whether a particular impact location meetsthe minimum shot-to-shot distance requirements, the shot-to-shot dis-tances should be measured from that impact location to all
39、 prior impactlocations.9.3.6 For grouped shots, the test threat impacts shall bewithin the specified spacing or pattern.9.3.7 The test threat shall impact the clay block no closerthan 106 mm (4.2 in.) from the inside edge of the clay blockframe.9.3.8 The test threat velocity shall conform to the req
40、uire-ments given in the test threats document. If no specification isgiven, the test threat velocity shall be within 69.1 m/s (630ft/s) of the required velocity.9.3.9 The method for determination of a shot outcome as acomplete penetration shall be specified in other standards andspecifications.10. M
41、ounting and Positioning of Soft Armor Test Itemson a Clay Block10.1 The testing of nonplanar soft armor test items intendedfor females requires the use of appliques as specified inPractice E3086, unless specified elsewhere.NOTE 6Appliques that may be needed for testing nonplanar softarmor test items
42、 other than those intended for females shall be specified inother standards and specifications. Testing of planar soft armor test itemsdoes not require the use of appliques.10.2 The test item shall be positioned on a clay block suchthat the entire test item is supported. When the test itemexceeds th
43、e size of the clay block, install backing fixtureextensions coplanar with the backing material surface to allowthe test item to be fully supported.10.3 The test item, and its applique(s) for nonplanar testitems, shall be held in contact with the clay block and securedusing approximately 50 mm (2.0 i
44、n.) wide elastic straps, heldclosed by hook-and-loop fasteners. Two vertical and threehorizontal straps shall be positioned such that they do notinterfere with the impact points on the test item. Fig. 1 showsexamples of strapping arrangements.10.4 The clay block shall be positioned to achieve proper
45、bullet impact location and angle (for example, angle ofincidence, obliquity) of the test threat. For any shots requiringa nonzero angle of incidence, the clay block shall be rotated toachieve the appropriate angle.10.5 Between test threat impacts, the test item shall bemanipulated by hand so that an
46、y wrinkles or bunching in thetest item (caused by a previous shot) are smoothed out. Noeffort shall be made to recover any bullets trapped in the testitem until the test series is complete.NOTE 7Manipulation of a bullet is allowed if the bullet will interferewith subsequent shots. The test item may
47、be removed if necessary tosmooth it out.10.5.1 The test item shall be repositioned on the backingmaterial such that the test item is supported by smooth backingmaterial for a distance of no less than 76 mm (3.0 in.) in alldirections around the next shot location.NOTE 8Instructions related to strikin
48、g the backing material betweenshots shall be specified by other standards and specifications.11. Ballistic Test Procedure for Soft Armor Test Items11.1 Acomplete test series for the assessment of penetrationresistance and backface deformation consists of individualballistic tests being conducted on
49、a number of individual testitems, of specified size(s), as specified in other standards andspecifications.11.2 Unless specified in other standards or specifications,the shot placement, pattern, and angles of incidence shall be asspecified below and as shown in Fig. 2.11.2.1 All test items shall be marked with the maximumnumber of fair hit locations prior to taking any shots.11.2.2 Shots 1, 2, and 3 shall meet the shot-to-edge distancerequirements but shall not be located more than the shot-to-edge distance plus 19 mm (0.75 in.) from the edge of the testitem. Th
