1、Designation: E3162 18Standard PracticeMeasuring the Durability of Antibacterial Agents Applied toTextiles under Simulated Home Laundering Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3162; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 To determine the durability of standard antibacterialtreatments on textile produc
3、ts such as apparel, piece goods,household articles, hereinafter referred to as “textile” or“textile products” to multiple home launderings.1.2 This practice subjects textile products treated withantimicrobial agents to multiple simulated and acceleratedhome launderings under defined parameters such
4、that repro-ducible and reliable antimicrobial analysis can be performedusing standard industry accepted protocols.1.3 For some antimicrobial agents, the durability of antibac-terial properties resulting from exposure to detergent solutionand abrasive action of multiple home launderings has beenshown
5、 to be approximated by one 45-minute laundering cycle.The exact correlation between expressed laundry care instruc-tions and exposure conditions identified in the practice shouldbe determined separately for every antimicrobial agent.1.4 The subsequent microbiological methods shall be per-formed by i
6、ndividuals experienced and adept in microbiologi-cal procedures and in facilities suitable for the handling of themicroorganisms under test.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operation, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associa
7、ted with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety, health, and environmental prac-tices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recogniz
8、ed principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relatin
9、g to TextilesE2756 Terminology Relating to Antimicrobial and AntiviralAgentsE2922 Guide for The Use of Standard Test Methods andPractices for Evaluating Antibacterial Activity on Textiles2.2 AATCC Standards:3AATCC TM 61 : Colorfastness to Laundering: AcceleratedAATCC TM135 : Dimensional Changes of F
10、abrics afterHome LaunderingAATCC Monograph M6 : Standardization of Home LaundryTest Conditions2.3 ISO Standard:4ISO 6330 Textiles Domestic washing and drying proce-dures for textile testing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definition of terms used in this testmethod, refer to: E2756 Standard Terminol
11、ogy Relating toAntimicrobial and Antiviral Agents and D123: Standard Ter-minology Relating to Textiles.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Fabrics are washed under conditions of temperature,detergent solution, and abrasive action similar to that occurringin standard home laundering conditions using industry s
12、tandardequipment and parameters.4.2 Singular samples are placed in defined canisters withdetergents and steel balls to represent typical exposures, liquorto goods ratios and abrasions experienced in the home laun-dering situation. The abrasive action is the result of steel balls1This practice is und
13、er the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on Pesticides,Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E35.15 on Antimicrobial Agents.Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published July 2018. DOI: 10.1520/E3162182For referenced ASTM standards, visit
14、 the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Res
15、earch Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215, http:/www.aatcc.org.4Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
16、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by
17、the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1which, together with the aggressive agitation of fixed canisters,simulate the abrasive action of multiple fabrics in a single load.4.3 After each cycle, samples are removed, rinsed thor-oughly by hand in water and returned to
18、a fresh solution ofdetergents and steel balls.4.4 After the final cycle, samples are removed, thoroughlyrinsed and dried prior to microbiological testing.4.5 The use of single canisters during wash allows one tomeasure the durability of an antimicrobial finish withoutpossible interferences that coul
19、d occur due to contaminatedballast, cross contamination of active ingredients from othertreated articles or from residual solid detergents. These inter-ferences are often seen with other standards that are notdesigned specifically for measuring antimicrobial properties.5. Significance and Use5.1 The
20、 durability of antimicrobial agents applied totextiles is an important attribute for many of the availabletechnologies on the market. Antimicrobial agents that claimdurability are typically fixed ionically, covalently or physically,or both, to a textile surface and are expected to retain theirantimi
21、crobial functionality after 5, 25 or 50 washes.5.2 Textile wash standards do exist that measure features asdiverse as colorfastness or softener retention, pilling, or eventhe appearance of the decorative coatings of a zipper; however,no wash method exists that is specific for measuring thedurability
22、 of an antimicrobial agent applied directly into oronto a textile surface.5.3 Current wash standards have been written to eitherclosely simulate (AATCC TM135) or accelerate (AATCCTM61) the laundering conditions that would be experiencedduring normal home laundering. While shown to be effectivewhen t
23、esting physical properties of textiles, these methodsintroduce variables to the washing protocol that can directlyaffect the final antimicrobial properties of a fabric. Forexample, many wash protocols add bleach or softeners whichcan build up over time and may introduce false positive resultsin indu
24、stry standard microbiological tests. Conversely, pow-dered detergents if not completely rinsed after each wash canleave residual surfactants that can build up over time but aregenerally removed during wear. These residual detergents canpotentially coat an antimicrobial surface and provide falsenegat
25、ive results.5.4 Very specific parameters are identified within this prac-tice to closely replicate home launderings as identified andstudied in previous wash protocols (AATCC TM61) andaccepted within the textile industry. This practice uses deter-gents and washing conditions which limit potential cr
26、osscontamination of samples during washing and unrealisticdeposition of residual detergents on the test fabric. Theseconditions increase the reproducibility and reliability of sub-sequent microbiological test methods.5.5 This practice allows for the simple washing of textilefabrics for the subsequen
27、t antimicrobial testing. Any industryaccepted antimicrobial test standard could be used followingthis washing protocol.5.6 This practice is appropriate for porous materials such astextiles or any porous, soft substrate that is intended towithstand multiple home washes. This practice is intended tome
28、asure the durable antibacterial properties of such materials.In most instances, further studies will be required to supportand substantiate actual claims being made for the performanceof treated materials in practice or as part of a regulatoryprocess.5.7 This standard practice has been shown to be e
29、ffective atmeasuring the durability of polymer based antimicrobialagents to home laundering conditions. Particle based or otherantimicrobial agents may require modifications of the currentmethodology to simulate laundering conditions in practice.The exact correlation between expressed laundry care i
30、nstruc-tions on the antimicrobial treated article and the exposureconditions identified in the standard practice must be deter-mined separately for every antimicrobial active.6. Apparatus6.1 accelerated laundering machinea laundering machinefor rotating closed canisters in a thermostatically control
31、ledwater bath at 40 6 2 rpm.6.2 adapter plates, stainless-steel plates for holding canis-ters on laundering machine shaft.6.3 analytical balance, with capacity and precision of 10g6 0.1g to weigh samples for testing.6.4 beakers, capable of holding 1000 ml liquid solution.6.5 stainless steel canister
32、s, lever lock canisters suitableholding 1200 ml, 90 200 mm (3.5 8.0 in.).6.6 stainless steel balls, 6 mm (0.25 in.) in diameter.6.7 gaskets, TFE-fluorocarbon gaskets capable of coveringeach canister to prevent leakage.6.8 graduated cylinder, for dispensing 500 ml detergents percanister.6.9 air-circu
33、lating oven, an oven at 70 6 2Ctodrysamples after final wash cycle.6.10 nitrile rubber gloves, for handling samples.7. Reagents and Materials57.1 Liquid reference detergentsStandard liquid referencedetergent without optical brighteners, phosphates, bleaches orsofteners. The exact liquid detergents u
34、sed must be referencedin final report.7.2 Waterdeionized.7.3 Wash solutionDilute liquid reference detergent (7.1)with deionized water to a final concentration of 0.23 % v/v.This prepared standard wash solution shall be used for allsubsequent washing cycles.5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Socie
35、ty Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeia
36、l Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.E3162 1828. Test Specimen Preparation8.1 For each antimicrobial treated sample, prepare a singleuntreated sample of identical composition.8.2 Weigh all fabric samples to a total of 10 g 6 0.1 g.8.3 Place entire fabric piece into a single canister (6.5).9. Proc
37、edure9.1 Adjust the laundering machine to maintain 49 6 2 C.9.2 Add 500 ml wash solution to each canister prepared in7.3.9.3 Add 50 stainless steel balls to each canister prepared inSection 8.9.4 Place the canisters in the preheated laundering machineloading directly into specific module.9.5 Clamp t
38、he level lock on the canisters and fasten thecanisters horizontally in the adapters on the rotor of thelaundering machine in such a manner that when the canistersrotate, the covers strike the water first.9.6 Start the rotor and run for 5 min to preheat all canisters.9.7 Stop the rotor with canisters
39、 in upright position. Re-move all canisters from machine and release level lock to open.9.8 Add test samples as prepared in 8.3 into separatecanisters.9.9 Clamp the level lock on the canisters and fasten thecanisters horizontally in the adapters on the rotor of thelaundering machine in such a manner
40、 that when the canistersrotate, the covers strike the water first.9.10 Start the laundering machine and run it at 40 62 rpmfor 45 min.9.11 After indicated time, stop the machine. Remove thecanisters from machine and release level lock to open.9.12 Pour out wash solution and place the samples intoind
41、ividual glass beakers. Fill the beaker with approximately500 ml of cold tap water and swirl/hand squeeze each testsample by hand. Decant rinse solution and repeat 2 more times.Repeat steps 9.2 9.12 for desired amount of cycles.9.13 After final washing cycle and rinse cycle, dry samplesin an air circ
42、ulating oven in which the temperature does notexceed 70 6 2 C.9.14 Allow specimens to condition at ambient relativehumidity and temperature before proceeding with the antibac-terial testing9.15 For testing the subsequent antibacterial activity onwashed fabrics, test both treated and untreated washed
43、 fabricsamples following the guidelines highlighted in Guide E2922.10. Test Report10.1 Test report must contain any modification to themethod which includes but is not limited to concentration andtype of detergent solution, liquor to goods ratio, temperatureand washing time.11. Keywords11.1 antibact
44、erial testing; home laundering; porous materi-als; treated articles antimicrobial agents; textileASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determi
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