1、Designation: F104 11Standard Classification System forNonmetallic Gasket Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This classification system2provides a means for speci-fying or desc
3、ribing pertinent properties of commercial nonme-tallic gasket materials. Materials composed of asbestos, cork,cellulose, and other organic or inorganic materials in combi-nation with various binders or impregnants are included.Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are notincluded, since
4、they are covered in Classification D2000.Gasket coatings are not covered, since details thereof areintended to be given on engineering drawings or in separatespecifications. Facing materials for laminate composite gasketmaterials (LCGM) are included in Classification System F104.Assembled LCGMs are
5、covered in Classification F868.1.2 Since all of the properties that contribute to gasketperformance are not included, use of the classification systemas a basis for selecting materials is limited.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are
6、 for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior t
7、o use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C561 Test Method for Ash in a Graphite SampleD1170 Specification for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials forGeneral Automotive and Aeronautical Purposes3D2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-motive ApplicationsD5964 Practice for Rubber IRM
8、901, IRM 902, and IRM903 Replacement Oils forASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, andASTM No. 3 OilsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesF36 Test Method for Compressibility and Recovery ofGasket MaterialsF37 Test Methods for Sealability of Gasket MaterialsF38 Test Methods for Creep Rel
9、axation of a Gasket Mate-rialF146 Test Methods for Fluid Resistance of Gasket MaterialsF147 Test Method for Flexibility of Non-Metallic GasketMaterialsF148 Test Method for Binder Durability of Cork Composi-tion Gasket MaterialsF152 Test Methods for Tension Testing of NonmetallicGasket MaterialsF433
10、Practice for Evaluating Thermal Conductivity of Gas-ket MaterialsF607 Test Method for Adhesion of Gasket Materials toMetal SurfacesF868 Classification for Laminated Composite Gasket Ma-terialsF1315 Test Method for Density of a Sheet Gasket MaterialG21 Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic
11、 Poly-meric Materials to Fungi3. Significance and Use3.1 This classification system is intended to encourageuniformity in reporting properties; to provide a commonlanguage for communications between suppliers and consum-ers; to guide engineers and designers in the test methodscommonly used for comme
12、rcially available materials; and tobe versatile enough to cover new materials and test methods asthey are introduced.3.2 This system is based on the principle that nonmetallicgasket materials can be described in terms of specific physicaland mechanical properties. This enables the user, or producer,
13、1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 onGaskets and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.30 on Classification.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F104 03 (2009).DO
14、I: 10.1520/F0104-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of
15、this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.to characterize a nonmetallic gasket based on properties thatare important for the application.4. Basis of Classification4.1 To per
16、mit “line call-out” of a materials physical andmechanical properties, this classification system establishesletter and number symbols for various performance levels ofeach property or characteristic.4.2 Each “line call out” shall include:- ASTM F104- In parentheses, the letter “F” followed by 6 nume
17、ralsdescribing the required basic characteristics per 8.1.- Within the same parentheses, a dash “-” shall follow the basiccharacteristics, along with any supplemental characteristics per8.2.All six (6) numeric fields defining the basic characteristicsmust be occupied. If a particular characteristic
18、is not required,a “0” must be used as a placeholder to indicate such.4.3 The six (6) numeric fields used in the basic character-istics define (in order):(1) Principal reinforcement(2) Manufacturing method(3) Compressibility(4) Thickness increase in IRM 903 oil(5) Weight increase in IRM 903 oil(6) We
19、ight increase in waterExample 1:ASTM F104 (F725400) describes a gasket material with onlybasic characteristics defined as follows: first numeral 7(non-asbestos fiber, tested as type 1); second numeral 2(beater process); third numeral 5 (20 to 30 % compressibilityper Test Method F36); forth numeral 4
20、 (15 to 30 % thicknessincrease after immersion in IRM 903 Oil per Test MethodsF146); fifth numeral 0 (no Requirement for weight increasein IRM 903 oil per Test Methods F146); sixth numeral 0 (norequirement for weight increase in water per Test MethodsF146).4.4 Supplemental characteristics may be add
21、ed to line callout based on the needs of the application. The alpha numericsused to specify various supplemental characteristics are definedin 8.2.Example 2:ASTM F104 (F725400-B5E66M4) describes a gasket materialwith the same basic characteristics defined by Example 1,along with supplemental charact
22、eristics defined as follows: B5(30 % creep relaxation per Test Methods F38); E66 (60 %weight change, and 15 to 35 % thickness change inASTM FuelB per Test Methods F146); M4 (no less than 6.895 MPa tensilestrength per Test Methods F152).4.5 The numeral “9” is used when the description of anycharacter
23、istic (or test related thereto) is specified by somesupplement to this classification system, such as notes onengineering drawings. This notation may be used to modify atest characteristic to a value not available in the tables; definegasket binder type; note use and type of a surface release agent;
24、or note use and type of an adhesive system.Example 3:Using the same example and adding an L suffix requirement,ASTM F104 (F725400-B5E66M4L169), since the 9 needs tobe defined on the engineering drawing, it is recommended todefine the “As Specified” requirement immediately after theF104 line call out
25、. In this case, for L169, the 1 defines theprimary fiber as Aramid, the 6 indicates the secondary fiber iscellulose both per 8.2, and the 9 is defined immediately afterthe line call out as shown here:ASTM F104 (F725400-B5E66M4L169); L169 (ACM Binder)NOTE 1While this “cell-type” format provides the m
26、eans for closecharacterization and specification of each property and combinations ofproperties for a broad range of materials, it is subject to possiblemisapplications, since impossible property combinations can be coded ifthe user is not familiar with available commercial materials. Appendix X1ind
27、icates properties, characteristics, and test methods that are normallyconsidered applicable to each type of material.5. Thickness Requirements5.1 Thickness tolerance guidelines for materials identifiedby this classification system are provided in 8.4. Use of theseguidelines as a requirement must be
28、based on an agreementbetween part/material provider and end user.5.2 Unless specified by an ASTM method, default testthickness shall be:All materials exceptType 2 and Type 5 Class 10.8 mm (0.030 in.)Type 2 materials 1.5 to 6.4 mm (0.060 to 0.25 in.)Type 5, Class 1 materials 0.4 mm (0.015 in.)6. Samp
29、ling6.1 Specimens shall be selected from finished gaskets orsheets of suitable size, whichever is the more practicable. Ifsheets are used, they shall, where applicable, be cut squarelywith the grain of the stock, and the grain direction shall benoted by an arrow. If finished gaskets are used, the di
30、mensionsof sample and any variations from method must be reported.6.2 Sufficient specimens shall be selected to provide aminimum of three determinations for each test specified. Theaverage of the determinations shall be considered as the result.7. Conditioning7.1 Prior to all applicable tests, speci
31、mens shall be condi-tioned as follows:TYPE CLASS CONDITIONING1 All Except 3 Oven conditioned at 100C (212F) for 1 h. Cool to21 to 30C (70 to 85F) in a desiccator containinganhydrous calcium chloride.1 3 Oven condition at 100 6 2C (212 6 3.6F) for 4 h.Cool to 21 to 30C (70 to 85F) in a desiccatorcont
32、aining anhydrous calcium chloride.2 All Controlled humidity room or closed chamber at21 to 30C (70 to 85F) and 50 to 55 % relativehumidity for at least 46 h.0, 3, or 9 All Preconditioned at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F) for 4 hin a closed chamber containing anhydrous calciumchloride as a desiccant. The air
33、in the chamber shallbe circulated by gentle mechanical agitation.Specimens shall then be transferred immediately toa controlled-humidity room or closed chamber withgentle mechanical circulation of the air and conditionedat 21 to 30C (70 to 85F) and 50 to 55 % relativehumidity for at least 20 h. If a
34、 mechanical means ofmaintaining 50 to 55 % relative humidity is not available,a tray containing a saturated solution of reagent grademagnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3) 6H2O, shall be placed inthe chamber to provide the required relative humidity.4 All No conditioning required.F104 1125, 7, or 8 All Oven con
35、ditioned at 100C (212F) for 1 h. Cool to21 to 30C (70 to 85F) in a desiccator containinganhydrous calcium chloride.7.2 In all cases where testing is conducted outside the areaof specified humidity, specimens shall be removed from thechamber one at a time just prior to testing.8. Classification Table
36、s8.1 Table 1 presents the basic 6 numeric fields and theavailable physical and mechanical characteristic and the defi-nition of each placeholder in that field.8.2 Table 2 presents the available supplementary physicaland mechanical characteristics and the defined requirements.8.3 Table 3 contains gui
37、deline material thickness tolerances.The tolerances in this table may not be applicable to all typesof gasket materials. These values should not be used as parttolerances unless previously agreed on between producer andend user.8.4 Thickness:8.4.1 Measure the specimens with a device actuated by adea
38、d-weight load. The device shall be capable of reading in0.02-mm (0.001-in.) or smaller units, and readings shall beestimated to the nearest 0.002 mm (0.0001 in.). The presserfoot shall be 6.40 6 0.13 mm (0.252 6 0.005 in.) in diameter.The anvil shall have a diameter not less than that of the presser
39、foot. The pressure on the sample shall be as specified in Table4.8.4.2 Take the reading by lowering the presser foot gentlyuntil it is in contact with the specimen. Take a sufficientnumber of readings, depending on the size of the specimen, toprovide a reliable average value.9. Keywords9.1 classific
40、ation; description; gasket; line call-out; nonme-tallic gasket; physical and mechanical properties; specification;testingF104 113TABLE 1 Basic Physical and Mechanical CharacteristicsBasic Six-Digit Number Basic CharacteristicFirst Numeral “Type” of material (the principal fibrous, particulate, or re
41、inforcement material from which the gasket is made) shall conform to thefirst numeral of the basic six-digit number, as follows:0 = not specified 5 = flexible graphite1 = asbestos 7 = nonasbestos fiber, tested as Type 12 = cork 8 = vermiculite3 = cellulose 9 = as specifiedA4 = fluorocarbon polymerSe
42、cond Numeral Class of material(method of manufacture or common trade designation) shall conform to the second numeral of the basic six-digitnumber, as follows:When first numeral is “0” or “9,” second numeral:0 = not specified9 = as specifiedAWhen first numeral is “1” or “7,” second numeral:0 = not s
43、pecified1 = compressed sheeter process2 = beater process3 = paper and millboard9 = as specifiedAWhen first numeral is “2,” second numeral:0 = not specified1 = cork composition (Class 1)2 = cork and elastomeric (Class 2)3 = cork and cellular rubber (Class 3)9 = as specifiedAWhen first numeral is “3,”
44、 second numeral:0 = not specified1 = untreated fibertag, chipboard, vulcanized fiber, etc. (Class 1)2 = protein treated (Class 2)3 = elastomeric treated (Class 3)4 = thermosetting resin treated (Class 4)9 = as specifiedAWhen first numeral is “4,” second numeral:0 = not specified1 = sheet PTFE2 = PTF
45、E of expanded structure3 = PTFE filaments, braided, or woven4 = PTFE felts5 = filled PTFE9 = as specifiedWhen first numeral is “5” or “8,” second numeral:0 = not specified1 = homogeneous sheet2 = laminated sheet9 = as specifiedAThird Numeral Compressibility characteristics, determined in accordance
46、with Test Method F36, shall conform to the percent indicated by the thirdnumeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 15 to 25 %)0 = not specified 5 = 20 to 30 %1=0to10% 6=25to40%2=5to15%* 7=30to50%3=10to20% 8=40to60%4 = 15 to 25 % 9 = as specifiedA* 7 to 17 % for compressed sheeter processF
47、ourth Numeral Thickness increase when immersed in IRM 903 Oil:Bdetermined in accordance with Test Method F146, shall conform to the percentindicated by the fourth numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 15 to 30 %)0 = not specified 5 = 20 to 40 %1=0to15% 6=30to50%2=5to20% 7=40to60%3=10t
48、o25% 8=50to70%4 = 15 to 30 % 9 = as specifiedAFifth Numeral Weight increase when immersed in IRM 903 Oil:Bdetermined in accordance with Test Method F146, shall conform to the percentindicated by the fifth numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 30 % max)0 = not specified 5 = 40 %, max1=
49、10%,max 6=60%,max2=15%,max 7=80%,max3 = 20 %, max 8 = 100 %, max4 = 30 %, max 9 = as specifiedAF104 114TABLE 1 ContinuedBasic Six-Digit Number Basic CharacteristicSixth Numeral Weight increase when immersed in water:determined in accordance with Test Method F146, shall conform to the percent indicatedby the sixth numeral of the basic six-digit number. See left and below. (Example: 4 = 30 %, max)0 = not specified 5 = 40 %, max1=10%,max 6=60%,max2=15%,max 7=80%,max3 = 20 %, max 8 = 100 %, max4 = 30 %, max 9 = as specifiedAAOn engineering drawings o
