1、Designation: F145 72 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Practice forEvaluating Flat-Faced Gasketed Joint Assemblies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F145; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice permits measurement of gasket compres-sion resulting from bolt loading on a flat-face joint assembly atambient
3、 conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to e
4、stablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning andTesting Flexible Barrier Materials3. Summary of Practice3.1 The gasket compressi
5、on and flange distortion are ob-tained from compressed-thickness measurements on cylindri-cally shaped soft-solder plugs (50-50 lead-tin by weight)inserted into holes, drilled or punched through the gasket in thethickness direction. Initial compression is accomplished in theflanged-joint assembly wh
6、en the bolts are loaded at ambienttemperature. Solder, being inelastic, will remain at the com-pressed thickness of the gasket after the joint is subsequentlydisassembled.4. Significance and Use4.1 Gasket compressions produced by bolt loads in aflanged joint are important in the application engineer
7、ing of ajoint assembly. They are related to the ability of a gasket toseal, to maintain tightness on assembly bolts, and to a varietyof other gasket properties that determine the service behaviorof a joint assembly. Thus, being able to determine the degree ofcompression in a gasket under the bolt lo
8、ading will permit oneto make qualitative predictions of the behavior of a jointassembly when it comes in contact with the application orservice environment. With the plug test, bending of a flangefacing between bolt centers can be measured; however, in afew highly distortable flanges the maximum ben
9、ding betweenbolt centers may not be detected.4.2 The variation in gasket compressions at selected pointsin a flat-face joint assembly reveals the degree of flangedistortion or the ability of the flange to distribute satisfactorilythe compressive forces from bolt loads throughout the gasket.5. Appara
10、tus (see Fig. 1)5.1 Test Assembly, any flat-face flange design.5.2 Torque Indicating Device, for bolt loading.5.3 Dial Gage Indicator, graduated in 0.00254 mm (0.0001in.) to measure thickness of the solder plugs and the uncom-pressed gasket.5.4 Leather Punch, for punching holes in the gasket andfabr
11、icating the solder plugs.5.5 Tweezers, to conveniently handle the solder plugs.5.6 Solder Plugs The solder must be made into a flat strip.This can be done by compressing wire in a vise, a pair offlanges, pliers, or passing it between two calender rolls. Thesolder plugs are punched from the strip by
12、means of the leatherpunch. Recommended plug diameter is 0.8 mm (132 in.) andthe height need only be such that the plug is compressed by theflanges when the gasket is also compressed. The initialthickness of the plug and gasket before compression need notbe equal.6. Test Specimens6.1 Three gasket spe
13、cimens shall be tested. The size andshape of the specimens must be such as to fit the particularflange design.7. Conditioning7.1 When the test is performed on an assembly line or in aservice environment, sufficient time should elapse for theflanges, bolts, and gasket to reach equilibrium with the am
14、bienttemperature and humidity conditions before assembly. (Heavy1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F03 on Gaskets andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.20 on Mechanical Test Methods.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved i
15、n 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F145 72 (2003).DOI: 10.1520/F0145-72R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Sum
16、mary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.castings or forgings may require 8 to 24 h or more, contrastedto a brief period for light stampings.)7.2 When the test is performed under controlled conditi
17、onsin the laboratory the gasket specimen is conditioned in accor-dance with Specification E171, or in the humidity and tem-perature conditions used prior to obtaining the load-compression curve. Flange fasteners and washers are held atthe test conditions for at least 4 h prior to assembly.8. Procedu
18、re8.1 Use the same flanges, fasteners, and washers as thosespecified for applications. Clean them with reagent-gradetrichloroethylene or other suitable solvent. Use cleansing tissueto remove dirt, oil, or grease. After cleaning, give the matingscrew threads a light coating of SAE 20 engine oil to mi
19、nimizefriction.8.2 Measure the initial or uncompressed thickness of thegasket. Make holes, slightly larger than the solder plugs, in thegasket at the points where compressions are to be evaluated.Insert the plugs upright in the holes with the gasket resting onthe lower flange facing. Then assemble t
20、he test assembly in thecustomary manner. Immediately disassemble the test assembly.Make compressed-thickness measurements on the solder plugs.These measurements are equal to the compressed thicknessexhibited by the gasket when it was loaded in the test assembly.9. Calculation and Interpretation of R
21、esults9.1 Calculate the compression as a percentage of the origi-nal gasket thickness as follows:C 5 to2 tc!/to# 3 100 (1)where:C = percentage compression in the gasket,to= initial uncompressed thickness of the gasket, andtc= compressed-gasket thickness as measured on a solderplug.9.2 Fig. 2 illustr
22、ates a graph plotting compressed-thicknessvalues of the solder plugs which are assumed to be equal to thecompressed thickness of the gasket at the correspondinglocations. These particular points for determining compressionwere selected to reveal the bending distortion in the flangefacing between bol
23、t centers. Bending is revealed by drawing acurve through the gasket compressed-thickness values whichare represented by vertical dark bars. Percentage compressionis indicated below each bar.9.3 These percentage compressions were produced in thetest flange by unequal flange pressures resulting from a
24、 specificbolt loading and bolt spacing. This approach to determininginitial flange pressure is most adaptable to gasket materialswhose load-compression characteristics are not dependent onshape factor.9.4 The plug test will indicate the distribution of gasketcompressions which reflects the variation
25、 of initial flangepressures in joint assemblies exhibiting flange distortion.10. Report10.1 The report shall include the following:10.1.1 Conditions of test, temperature, relative humidity,and time of conditioning,10.1.2 Gasket identification,10.1.3 Conditioning of gasket before test,10.1.4 Uncompre
26、ssed-gasket thickness,10.1.5 Flange: material, thickness, width, and bolt spacing,10.1.6 Bolt size, material, and thread condition,FIG. 1 Equipment for Performing the Solder-Plug Test of Gasket CompressionsF145 72 (2009)210.1.7 Method of bolt loading,10.1.8 Bolt torque,10.1.9 Tightening sequence on
27、bolts,10.1.10 Top view of gasket showing solder-plug locationswith location dimensions,10.1.11 Compressed-gasket thickness at each plug location,10.1.12 Percentage compression in the gasket at each pluglocation, and10.1.13 Data plot similar to Fig. 2.11. Keywords11.1 compressed thickness; flange dis
28、tortion; flat-face joint;gasket compression; solder plug testASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such p
29、atent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited e
30、ither for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fai
31、r hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this sta
32、ndard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).NOTEFlange bending is seen by drawing a curve through the compressed-thickness values for the gasket.FIG. 2 Suggested Plot of the Solder-Plug Test DataF145 72 (2009)3
