1、Designation: E 490 00a (Reapproved 2006)StandardSolar Constant and Zero Air Mass Solar Spectral IrradianceTables1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 490; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These tables define the solar const
3、ant and zero air masssolar spectral irradiance for use in thermal analysis, thermalbalance testing, and other tests of spacecraft and spacecraftcomponents and materials. Typical applications include thecalculation of solar absorptance from spectral reflectance dataand the specification of solar UV e
4、xposure of materials duringsimulated space radiation testing.1.2 These tables are based upon data from experimentalmeasurements made from high-altitude aircraft, spacecraft, andthe earths surface and from solar spectral irradiance models.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandar
5、d. Other units of measurement are included for infor-mation purposes only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine
6、 the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 349 Terminology Relating to Space Simulation3. Terminology3.1 air mass (optical air mass) (AM), nthe ratio of thepath length or radiation through the atmosphere (lm)atanygiven angle, Z degrees, to
7、 the sea level path length toward thezenith (lz).AM 5 lm/lzsec Z , for Z#62 (1)Symbol: AM1 (air mass one), AM2 (air mass two)3.2 astronomical unit (AU), na unit of length defined asthe mean distance between the earth and the sun, that is,149 597 890 6 500 km.3.3 integrated irradiance, nspectral irra
8、diance integratedover a specific wavelength interval from l1to l2, measured inWm2, Symbol:El1 2l25*l1l2Eldl (2)3.4 irradiance at a point on a surface (E), nquotient ofthe radiant flux incident on an element of the surface contain-ing the point, by the area of that element, measured in Wm2.3.5 irradi
9、ance, spectral (E), nthe irradiance per unitwavelength interval at a specific wavelength, or as a functionof wavelength measured in Wm2m1.3.6 solar constant, nthe total solar irradiance at normalincidence on a surface in free space at the earths meandistance from the sun (1 AU).3.7 zero air mass (AM
10、O), nthe absence of atmosphericattenuation of the solar irradiance at one astronomical unitfrom the sun.3.8 Additional definitions will be found in TerminologyE 349.4. Solar Constant4.1 The solar constant is 1366.1 Wm2. This value is themean of daily averages from six different satellites over the19
11、78 to 1998 time period, all measured with absolute cavityradiometers, as reported by Frhlich and Lean (1)3. Thestandard deviation of this mean value is 425 ppm, with a0.37 % minimum-to-maximum range (1363 to 1368 Wm2).4.2 Table 1 summarizes the results in different units, andTable 2 presents the tot
12、al solar irradiance at various planetarydistances from the sun.1These tables are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on SpaceSimulation and Applications of Space Technology and are the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee E21.04 on Space Simulation Test Methods.Current edition approved Apri
13、l 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E 49 00a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
14、standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthese tables.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Solar Spectral Irradiance (Zero Air
15、Mass)5.1 The zero air mass solar spectral irradiance is based ondata from satellites, space shuttle missions, high-altitude air-craft, rocket soundings, ground-based solar telescopes, andmodeled spectral irradiance.5.2 Table 3 presents the solar spectral irradiance in tabularform for the range from
16、0.1195 to 1000 m. The first columngives the wavelength (l) in m; the second gives the spectralirradiance (El)atl in Wm2m1; the third gives the totalirradiance for the range from 0 to l (E0-l) in Wm2; and thefourth gives the percentage of the solar constant associatedwith wavelengths shorter than l (
17、D0-l).TABLE 3 Solar Spectral IrradianceStandard Curvel = wavelength, m,El= solar spectral irradiance averaged over small bandwidth centered at l,Wm2m1,E0l= integrated solar irradiance in the wavelength range from 0 to l,Wm2, andD0l= percentage of solar constant (1366.1 Wm2) associated with wavelengt
18、hs shorter than l.NOTE 1Double lines indicate change in wavelength interval of integration. Each column continues to next page.l ElE0-lD0-ll ElE0-lD0-l0.1195 6.185 3 1020.0 0.0 1.306 413.6 1117.65 81.810.1205 0.5614 3.12 3 1042.28 3 1051.308 412.3 1118.47 81.870.1215 4.901 3.04 3 1032.23 3 1041.310
19、410.6 1119.30 81.930.1225 1.184 6.09 3 1034.45 3 1041.312 403.3 1120.11 81.990.1235 4.770 3 1026.70 3 1034.91 3 1041.314 402.2 1120.92 82.050.1245 3.433 3 1026.74 3 1034.94 3 1041.316 397.9 1121.72 82.110.1255 2.882 3 1026.77 3 1034.96 3 1041.318 401.7 1122.52 82.170.1265 3.523 3 1026.81 3 1034.98 3
20、 1041.320 401.6 1123.32 82.230.1275 2.127 3 1026.83 3 1035.00 3 1041.322 398.6 1124.12 82.290.1285 1.727 3 1026.85 3 1035.02 3 1041.324 398.1 1124.92 82.350.1295 3.994 3 1026.88 3 1035.04 3 1041.326 394.9 1125.71 82.400.1305 0.1206 6.96 3 1035.10 3 1041.328 390.8 1126.49 82.460.1315 3.983 3 1027.04
21、3 1035.16 3 1041.330 387.8 1127.27 82.520.1325 4.126 3 1027.08 3 1035.19 3 1041.332 386.3 1128.05 82.570.1335 0.1680 7.19 3 1035.26 3 1041.334 389.2 1128.82 82.630.1345 4.572 3 1027.29 3 1035.34 3 1041.336 386.6 1129.60 82.690.1355 3.802 3 1027.34 3 1035.37 3 1041.338 383.2 1130.37 82.74TABLE 1 The
22、Solar Constant in Alternative UnitsSolar constant = 1366.1 Wm2SI unit= 0.136 61 Wcm2= 136.61 m Wcm2= 1.3661 3 106ergcm2s-1= 126.9 Wft2= 1.959 calcm2min1(60.03calcm2min1)= 0.0326 calcm2s1= 433.4 Btuft2h1= 0.1202 Btuft2s1= 1.956 Langleysmin1The calorie is the thermochemical calorie-gram and is defined
23、 as 4.1840absolute joules.The Btu is the thermochemical British thermal unit and is defined by therelationship: 1 Btu (thermochemical)/(Flb) = 1 calg (thermochemical)/(Cg).The Langley, however, is defined in terms of the older thermal unit the calorieg(mean), that is, 1 Langley = 1 calg (mean)cm2; 1
24、 calg (mean) = 4.190 02 J.TABLE 2 Solar Irradiance at the PlanetsPlanetSolar Irradiance, Wm2Mean Perihelion AphelionMercury 9116.4 14447.5 6271.1Venus 2611.0 2646.4 2575.7Earth 1366.1 1412.5 1321.7Mars 588.6 715.9 491.7Jupiter 50.5 55.7 45.9Saturn 15.04 16.76 13.53Uranus 3.72 4.11 3.37Neptune 1.510
25、1.515 1.507Pluto 0.878 1.571 0.560E 490 00a (2006)2TABLE 3 Continuedl ElE0-lD0-ll ElE0-lD0-l0.1365 3.094 3 1027.37 3 1035.40 3 1041.340 379.0 1131.13 82.800.1375 2.920 3 1027.40 3 1035.42 3 1041.342 380.5 1131.89 82.860.1385 3.968 3 1027.44 3 1035.44 3 1041.344 379.8 1132.65 82.910.1395 7.562 3 1027
26、.49 3 1035.49 3 1041.346 377.2 1133.41 82.970.1405 6.075 3 1027.56 3 1035.54 3 1041.348 376.6 1134.16 83.020.1415 4.207 3 1027.61 3 1035.57 3 1041.350 372.4 1134.91 83.080.1425 4.683 3 1027.66 3 1035.61 3 1041.352 374.2 1135.66 83.130.1435 5.110 3 1027.71 3 1035.64 3 1041.354 372.2 1136.40 83.190.14
27、45 5.093 3 1027.76 3 1035.68 3 1041.356 367.5 1137.14 83.240.1455 5.535 3 1027.81 3 1035.72 3 1041.358 368.8 1137.88 83.290.1465 7.087 3 1027.87 3 1035.76 3 1041.360 367.3 1138.62 83.350.1475 8.485 3 1027.95 3 1035.82 3 1041.362 367.7 1139.35 83.400.1485 8.199 3 1028.03 3 1035.88 3 1041.364 365.7 11
28、40.08 83.460.1495 7.956 3 1028.12 3 1035.94 3 1041.366 365.7 1140.81 83.510.1505 8.697 3 1028.20 3 1036.00 3 1041.368 362.8 1141.54 83.560.1515 9.266 3 1028.29 3 1036.07 3 1041.370 359.9 1142.27 83.620.1525 0.1163 8.39 3 1036.14 3 1041.372 362.1 1142.99 83.670.1535 0.1299 8.52 3 1036.23 3 1041.374 3
29、61.1 1143.71 83.720.1545 0.2059 8.68 3 1036.36 3 1041.376 356.1 1144.43 83.770.1555 0.2144 8.89 3 1036.51 3 1041.378 358.0 1145.14 83.830.1565 0.1847 9.09 3 1036.66 3 1041.380 357.9 1145.86 83.880.1575 0.1717 9.27 3 1036.79 3 1041.382 354.5 1146.57 83.930.1585 0.1675 9.44 3 1036.91 3 1041.384 354.7
30、1147.28 83.980.1595 0.1754 9.61 3 1037.04 3 1041.386 353.2 1147.99 84.030.1605 0.1934 9.80 3 1037.17 3 1041.388 353.0 1148.69 84.090.1615 0.2228 1.00 3 1027.32 3 1041.390 350.6 1149.40 84.140.1625 0.2519 1.02 3 1027.50 3 1041.392 351.3 1150.10 84.190.1635 0.2841 1.05 3 1027.69 3 1041.394 348.8 1150.
31、80 84.240.1645 0.2973 1.08 3 1027.91 3 1041.396 348.7 1151.50 84.290.1655 0.4302 1.12 3 1028.17 3 1041.398 349.2 1152.19 84.340.1665 0.3989 1.16 3 1028.48 3 1041.400 342.7 1152.89 84.390.1675 0.3875 1.20 3 1028.76 3 1041.402 343.9 1153.57 84.440.1685 0.4556 1.24 3 1029.07 3 1041.404 342.8 1154.26 84
32、.490.1695 0.5877 1.29 3 1029.46 3 1041.406 343.1 1154.95 84.540.1705 0.6616 1.35 3 1029.91 3 1041.408 342.7 1155.63 84.590.1715 0.6880 1.42 3 1021.04 3 1031.410 341.8 1156.32 84.640.1725 0.7252 1.49 3 1021.09 3 1031.412 334.8 1156.99 84.690.1735 0.7645 1.57 3 1021.15 3 1031.414 337.7 1157.67 84.740.
33、1745 0.9067 1.65 3 1021.21 3 1031.416 338.5 1158.34 84.790.1755 1.079 1.75 3 1021.28 3 1031.418 338.6 1159.02 84.840.1765 1.220 1.86 3 1021.36 3 1031.420 335.7 1159.69 84.890.1775 1.403 2.00 3 1021.46 3 1031.422 331.5 1160.36 84.940.1785 1.538 2.14 3 1021.57 3 1031.424 331.1 1161.02 84.990.1795 1.57
34、6 2.30 3 1021.68 3 1031.426 328.1 1161.68 85.040.1805 1.831 2.47 3 1021.81 3 1031.428 328.5 1162.34 85.080.1815 2.233 2.67 3 1021.96 3 1031.430 325.7 1162.99 85.130.1825 2.243 2.90 3 1022.12 3 1031.432 330.0 1163.65 85.180.1835 2.244 312 3 1022.28 3 1031.434 328.4 1164.31 85.230.1845 2.066 3.34 3 10
35、22.44 3 1031.436 328.5 1164.96 85.280.1855 2.311 3.55 3 1022.60 3 1031.438 328.3 1165.62 85.320.1865 2.700 3.81 3 1022.79 3 1031.440 318.8 1166.27 85.370.1875 3.009 4.09 3 1022.99 3 1031.442 318.6 1166.91 85.420.1885 3.291 4.41 3 1023.22 3 1031.444 319.7 1167.54 85.470.1895 3.569 4.75 3 1023.48 3 10
36、31.446 321.6 1168.19 85.510.1905 3.764 5.12 3 1023.74 3 1031.448 321.6 1168.83 85.560.1915 4.165 5.51 3 1024.03 3 1031.450 318.7 1169.47 85.610.1925 4.113 5.93 3 1024.34 3 1031.452 315.4 1170.10 85.650.1935 3.808 6.32 3 1024.63 3 1031.454 314.3 1170.73 85.700.1945 5.210 6.77 3 1024.96 3 1031.456 313
37、.1 1171.36 85.740.1955 5.427 7.30 3 1025.35 3 1031.458 316.7 1171.99 85.790.1965 6.008 7.88 3 1025.77 3 1031.460 315.6 1172.62 85.840.1975 6.191 8.49 3 1026.21 3 1031.462 312.1 1173.25 85.880.1985 6.187 9.10 3 1026.66 3 1031.464 310.5 1173.87 85.930.1995 6.664 9.75 3 1027.14 3 1031.466 310.8 1174.49
38、 85.970.2005 7.326 0.104 7.65 3 1031.468 311.4 1175.12 86.020.2015 8.023 0.112 8.21 3 1031.470 310.2 1175.74 86.070.2025 8.261 0.120 8.81 3 1031.472 307.3 1176.35 86.110.2035 9.217 0.129 9.44 3 1031.474 303.4 1176.96 86.160.2045 10.25 0.139 1.02 3 1021.476 304.8 1177.57 86.200.2055 10.54 0.149 1.09
39、3 1021.478 304.4 1178.18 86.240.2065 11.08 0.160 1.17 3 1021.480 306.8 1178.79 86.290.2075 12.65 0.172 1.26 3 1021.482 304.4 1179.40 86.330.2085 15.05 0.186 1.36 3 1021.484 303.9 1180.01 86.380.2095 21.38 0.204 1.49 3 1021.486 303.3 1180.62 86.42E 490 00a (2006)3TABLE 3 Continuedl ElE0-lD0-ll ElE0-l
40、D0-l0.2105 27.92 0.229 1.67 3 1021.488 285.5 1181.21 86.470.2115 33.54 0.259 1.90 3 1021.490 301.5 1181.80 86.510.2125 31.30 0.292 2.14 3 1021.492 301.8 1182.40 86.550.2135 33.15 0.324 2.37 3 1021.494 303.3 1183.00 86.600.2145 40.03 0.360 2.64 3 1021.496 297.2 1183.60 86.640.2155 36.15 0.399 2.92 3
41、1021.498 299.4 1184.20 86.680.2165 32.27 0.433 3.17 3 1021.500 301.1 1184.80 86.730.2175 35.29 0.467 3.42 3 1021.502 292.4 1185.40 86.770.2185 44.37 0.506 3.71 3 1021.504 279.9 1185.97 86.810.2195 46.92 0.552 4.04 3 1021.506 284.8 1186.53 86.860.2205 47.33 0.599 4.39 3 1021.508 291.9 1187.11 86.900.
42、2215 39.58 0.643 4.70 3 1021.510 294.7 1187.70 86.940.2225 49.65 0.687 5.03 3 1021.512 291.3 1188.28 86.980.2235 63.01 0.744 5.44 3 1021.514 288.3 1188.86 87.030.2245 58.97 0.805 5.89 3 1021.516 288.2 1189.44 87.070.2255 52.29 0.860 6.30 3 1021.518 288.4 1190.01 87.110.2265 39.40 0.906 6.63 3 1021.5
43、20 286.6 1190.59 87.150.2275 39.92 0.946 6.92 3 1021.522 282.4 1191.16 87.190.2285 51.95 0.992 7.26 3 1021.524 283.5 1191.72 87.240.2295 47.71 1.04 7.62 3 1021.526 284.6 1192.29 87.280.2305 52.12 1.09 7.99 3 1021.528 284.6 1192.86 87.320.2315 50.97 1.14 8.37 3 1021.530 276.5 1193.42 87.360.2325 53.2
44、6 1.20 8.75 3 1021.532 282.3 1193.98 87.400.2335 44.74 1.24 9.11 3 1021.534 278.4 1194.54 87.440.2345 38.97 1.29 9.41 3 1021.536 280.6 1195.10 87.480.2355 51.42 1.33 9.74 3 1021.538 277.3 1195.66 87.520.2365 48.59 1.38 0.101 1.540 273.0 1196.21 87.560.2375 48.44 1.43 0.105 1.542 275.3 1196.76 87.600
45、.2385 41.96 1.47 0.108 1.544 277.8 1197.31 87.640.2395 44.12 1.52 0.111 1.546 277.2 1197.87 87.690.2405 39.56 1.56 0.114 1.548 271.1 1198.41 87.730.2415 51.48 1.61 0.118 1.550 271.3 1198.96 87.760.2425 70.60 1.67 0.122 1.552 273.1 1199.50 87.800.2435 66.53 1.73 0.127 1.554 267.6 1200.04 87.840.2445
46、60.97 1.80 0.132 1.556 267.1 1200.58 87.880.2455 49.39 1.85 0.136 1.558 268.9 1201.11 87.920.2465 50.40 1.90 0.139 1.560 268.3 1201.65 87.960.2475 55.50 1.96 0.143 1.562 269.7 1202.19 88.000.2485 45.65 2.01 0.147 1.564 266.9 1202.73 88.040.2495 56.38 2.06 0.151 1.566 265.4 1203.26 88.080.2505 60.10
47、2.12 0.155 1.568 263.3 1203.79 88.120.2515 46.01 2.17 0.159 1.570 264.5 1204.31 88.160.2525 41.55 2.21 0.162 1.572 267.3 1204.85 88.200.2535 51.55 2.26 0.165 1.575 261.0 1205.37 88.230.2545 59.57 2.32 0.169 1.576 253.6 1205.89 88.270.2555 79.30 2.38 0.175 1.578 254.7 1206.40 88.310.2565 101.8 2.48 0
48、.181 1.580 265.0 1206.92 88.350.2575 125.4 2.59 0.190 1.582 259.0 1207.44 88.390.2585 125.1 2.71 0.199 1.584 259.1 1207.96 88.420.2595 104.0 2.83 0.207 1.586 259.9 1208.48 88.460.2605 88.51 2.92 0.214 1.588 249.0 1208.99 88.500.2615 89.80 3.01 0.220 1.590 240.5 1209.48 88.530.2625 103.6 3.11 0.228 1.592 252.6 1209.97 88.570.2635 165.8 3.24 0.237 1.594 258.3 1210.48 88.610.2645 249.7 3.45 0.253 1.596 250.6 1210.99 88.650.2655 252.7 3.70 0.271 1.598 254.5 1211.49 88.680.2665 249.4 3.95 0.289 1.600 251.2 1212.00 88.720.2675 250.8 4.20 0.308 1.602 248.9 1212.50 88.760
