1、Designation: E498/E498M 11 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Practice forLeaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector orResidual Gas Analyzer in the Tracer Probe Mode1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation E498/E498M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof or
2、iginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Departmen
3、t of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers procedures for testing and locatingthe sources of gas leaking at the rate of 1 108Pa m3/s(1109Std cm3/s)3or greater. The test may be conducted onany object to be tested that can be evacuated and to the otherside of which helium or other tracer gas may b
4、e applied.1.2 Three test methods are described:1.2.1 Test Method AFor the object under test capable ofbeing evacuated, but having no inherent pumping capability.1.2.2 Test Method BFor the object under test with integralpumping capability.1.2.3 Test Method CFor the object under test as in TestMethod
5、B, in which the vacuum pumps of the object under testreplace those normally used in the leak detector.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in either SI or std-cc/sec unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, eachsystem shall be use
6、d independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate s
7、afety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International
8、 Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 Other Documents:SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-cation and Ce
9、rtification in Nondestructive Testing5ANSI/ASNT CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification andCertification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thispractice, see Terminology E1316, Section E.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The tests in this practic
10、e require a helium leak detectorthat is capable of detecting a leak of 1 109Pa m3/s(11010Std cm3/s).34.2 Test Method AThis test method is used to helium leaktest objects that are capable of being evacuated to a reasonabletest pressure by the leak detector pumps in an acceptable lengthof time. This r
11、equires that the object be clean and dry. Also tocope with larger volumes or relatively “dirty” devices, auxil-iary vacuum pumps having greater capacity than those in themass spectrometer leak detector (MSLD) may be used inconjunction with the MSLD. The leak test sensitivity will bereduced under the
12、se conditions.4.3 Test Method BThis test method is used to leak testequipment that can provide its own vacuum (that is, equipmentthat has a built-in pumping system) at least to a level of a fewhundred pascals (a few torr) or lower.4.4 Test Method CWhen a vacuum system is capable ofproducing internal
13、 pressures of less than 2 102Pa (2 104torr) in the presence of leaks, these leaks may be located and1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.08 on LeakTesting Method.Current edition approved June 1,
14、 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E498 - 95 (2011). DOI:10.1520/E0498_E0498M-11R17.2(Atmospheric pressure external, vacuum internal). This document covers theTracer Probe Mode described in Terminology E1316.3The gas temperature is refer
15、enced to 0C. To convert to another gas referencetemperature, Tref, multiply the leak rate by (Tref+ 273) 273.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the sta
16、ndards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
17、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommenda
18、tions issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1evaluated by the use of either a residual gas analyzer (RGA) orby using the spectrometer tube and controls from a conven-tional MSLD, provided, of course, that the leakage is withinthe sensitivity range of the
19、RGAor MSLD under the conditionsexisting in the vacuum system.5. Personnel Qualification5.1 It is recommended that personnel performing leak test-ing attend a dedicated training course on the subject and passa written examination. The training course should be appropri-ate for NDT level II qualificat
20、ion according to RecommendedPractice No. SNT-TC-1A of the American Society for Nonde-structive Testing or ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189.6. Significance and Use6.1 Test MethodAis the most frequently used in leak testingcomponents which are structurally capable of being evacuatedto pressures of 0.1 Pa (ap
21、proximately 103torr). Testing ofsmall components can be correlated to calibrated leaks, and theactual leak rate can be measured or acceptance can be based ona maximum allowable leak. For most production needs accep-tance is based on acceptance of parts leaking less than anestablished standard which
22、will ensure safe performance overthe projected life of the component. Care must be exercised toensure that large systems are calibrated with reference leak ata representative place on the test volume. Leak rates aredetermined by calculating the net gain or loss through a leak inthe test part that wo
23、uld cause failure during the expected life ofthe device.6.2 Test Method B is used for testing vacuum systems eitheras a step in the final test of a new system or as a maintenancepractice on equipment used for manufacturing, environmentaltest or for conditioning parts. As the volume tends to be large
24、,a check of the response time as well as system sensitivityshould be made. Volume of the system in liters divided by thespeed of the vacuum pump in L/s will give the response timeto reach 63 % of the total signal. Response times in excess ofa few seconds makes leak detection difficult.6.3 Test Metho
25、d C is to be used only when there is noconvenient method of connecting the leak detector to the outletof the high vacuum pump. If a helium leak detector is used andthe high vacuum pump is an ion pump or cryopump, leaktesting is best accomplished during the roughing cycle as thesepumps leave a relati
26、vely high percentage of helium in the highvacuum chamber. This will obscure all but large leaks, and thetrace gas will quickly saturate the pumps.7. Interferences7.1 Series leaks with an unpumped volume between thempresent a difficult if not impossible problem in helium leaktesting. Although the tra
27、ce gas enters the first leak readilyenough since the pressure difference of helium across the firstleak is approximately one atmosphere, it may take many hoursto build up the partial pressure of helium in the volumebetween the two leaks so that enough helium enters the vacuumsystem to be detected by
28、 the MSLD. This type of leak occursfrequently under the following conditions:7.1.1 Double-welded joints and lap welds.7.1.2 Double O-rings.7.1.3 Threaded joints.7.1.4 Ferrule and flange-type tubing fittings.7.1.5 Casings with internal voids.7.1.6 Flat polymer gaskets.7.1.7 Unvented O-ring grooves.7.
29、2 In general, the solution is in proper design to eliminatethese conditions; however, when double seals must be used, anaccess port between them should be provided for attachment tothe MSLD. Leaks may then be located from each side of theseal and after repair, the access port can be sealed or pumped
30、continuously by a “holding” pump (large vacuum systems).7.3 Temporarily plugged leaks often occur because of poormanufacturing techniques. Water, cleaning solvent, plating,flux, grease, paint, etc., are common problems. To a largeextent, these problems can be eliminated by proper preparationof the p
31、arts before leak testing. Proper degreasing, vacuumbaking, and testing before plating or painting are desirable.7.4 In a device being tested, capillary tubing located be-tween the leak and the leak detector can make leak testingextremely difficult as test sensitivity is drastically reduced andrespon
32、se time increased. If there is a volume at each end of thecapillary, each such volume should be attached to the leakdetector during testing. If this is impossible, the device shouldbe surrounded with a helium atmosphere while attached to theleak detector for a long time to assure leak tightness. Whe
33、nunusually long pumping times are necessary, the connectionsto the leak detector (and all other auxiliary connections) thatare exposed to the helium should be double-sealed and thespace between the seals evacuated constantly by a smallauxiliary roughing pump to avoid allowing helium to enter thesyst
34、em through seals that are not a part of the device to betested.TEST METHOD AHELIUM LEAK TESTING OFSMALL DEVICES USING THE MSLD8. Apparatus8.1 Helium Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector, having aminimum detectable leak rate as required by the test sensitivity.8.2 Auxiliary Pumps, capable of evacuating th
35、e object to betested to a low enough pressure so that the MSLD may beconnected.NOTE 1If the object under test is small and clean and the MSLD hasa built-in roughing pump, the auxiliary pumps are not required.8.3 Suitable Connectors and Valves, to connect to theMSLD test port. Compression fittings an
36、d metal tubing shouldbe used in preference to vacuum hose.8.4 Standard Leaks of Both Capsule Type (Containing itsown Helium Supply) and Capillary Type (an Actual Leak whichis Used to Simulate the Reaction of the Test System to HeliumSpray)The leak rate from the capsule-type leak should beadequate to
37、 demonstrate the minimum allowable sensitivity ofthe MSLD. The capillary type should be slightly smaller thanthe test requirement.E498/E498M 11 (2017)28.5 Vacuum Gage, to read the pressure before the MSLD isconnected.8.6 Helium Tank and Regulator, with attached helium probehose and jet.9. Calibratio
38、n of MSLD9.1 Attach the capsule leak to the MSLD and tune theMSLD to achieve maximum sensitivity in accordance with themanufacturers instruction. Allow sufficient time for the flowrate from the capsule leak to equilibrate. The capsule leakshould be stored with the shutoff valve (if present) open, an
39、dthe leak should be allowed to equilibrate to ambient tempera-ture for several hours.9.2 MSLD calibration shall be performed prior to and uponcompletion of testing.10. Procedure10.1 Evacuate the device to be tested until near equilibriumpressure is reached on the rough vacuum gage. Open the valveto
40、the leak detector and close the valve to the roughing pumps.NOTE 2This procedure will be automatic where the device isrelatively small and clean and where an automatic MSLD is used withoutexternal pumps. Do not allow the pressure in the spectrometer tube toexceed the manufacturers recommendation. Th
41、is means in some casesthat the MSLD inlet valve can only be partially opened. Maximum testsensitivity will be achieved with the inlet valve completely open and theauxiliary pump valve completely closed. However, testing at reducedsensitivity levels can be done as long as the inlet valve can be opene
42、d atall.10.2 Adjust the helium probe jet so that a small flow ofhelium is coming from the tip.10.3 Set the leak detector on the appropriate lowest range.10.4 Pass the tip of the helium probe by the end of thestandard capillary leak at a rate similar to the scan rate at whichthe object under test wil
43、l subsequently be tested. Note thedeflection of the leak detector output meter. If the probing rateis increased, the test sensitivity will be decreased, and if theprobing rate is decreased, the test sensitivity will be increased.Consequently, when a leak is indicated during leak testing, itwill be n
44、ecessary to move the probe slowly backward until amaximum signal occurs. The approximate leak size can bedetermined by multiplying the size of the standard leak by themaximum reading obtained from the located leak and dividingby the maximum reading obtained when the helium wasapplied directly to the
45、 standard leak.10.5 Starting at the most suspect part of the object to betested, spray the smallest amount of helium on the part that willgive a signal when sprayed on the capillary leak. If there aredrafts, work up opposite to the direction of air flow.10.6 When a leak is pinpointed, it should be f
46、irst evaluatedif desired, then sealed either permanently (preferable) ortemporarily in such a manner as to allow repair at a later time,before proceeding to look for additional leaks. If the leak is solarge that the MSLD output saturates (that is, goes to the top ofthe highest range), it can be eval
47、uated by reducing thesensitivity of the test until the signal from the standard leak isbarely readable. This can be done by opening the roughingvalve and partially closing the MSLD inlet valve or byreducing the sensitivity of the leak detector itself if moreconvenient. If the unknown leak still prod
48、uces an off-scalesignal, it will be necessary to use a larger standard leak and farless test sensitivity or to use a reduced percentage of helium inthe probe. (For instance, a probe gas concentration of 1 %helium and 99 % nitrogen would reduce the apparent sensitiv-ity by a factor of 100.)10.7 After
49、 the first leak has been found and sealed, the sametechnique is continued until all leaks have been similarlytreated.10.8 After all leaks have been found and repaired, it isdesirable to enclose the entire device in a helium envelope(which can be a plastic bag or a large bell jar) to determine thetotal device integrity.10.9 This step could also be done first and would eliminatethe necessity for probing if no leakage is shown. However, ifthere are any materials in the device that are pervious tohelium, doing this step first may build up the helium back-
