1、Designation: E 557 00 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Guide forThe Installation of Operable Partitions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes options of intructions recom-m
3、ended to be considered in preparation for, and applicationand installation of, operable partitions and, to some extent, inthe design of the building in which they are installed. Operablepartitions are those that are quickly movable.1.2 Excluded from this guide are those partitions that areclassified
4、 by the building products industry as demountable.Demountable partitions are those that are designed and in-stalled with the intent of later being taken down and re-erectedby a crew over a period of time, with the components beingreusable.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet
5、y problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E90 Test Method for Laboratory Me
6、asurement of AirborneSound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Ele-mentsE 336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne SoundAttenuation between Rooms in BuildingsE 413 Classification for Rating Sound InsulationE 497 Practice for Installing Sound-Isolating LightweightPartitionsE 1155 Test Met
7、hod for Determining FFFloor Flatnessand FLFloor Levelness NumbersE 1155M Test Method for Determining FFFloor Flatnessand FLFloor Levelness Numbers Metric3. Significance and Use3.1 Rooms formed by operable partitions must often beisolated acoustically. Sound-isolating properties of operablepartitions
8、 are specified by architects in terms of sound trans-mission class (STC) and so advertised by the manufacturer onthe basis of laboratory tests in accordance with Test MethodE90and Classification E 413.3.2 Because normal building design and construction prac-tices are not the same as those used in ac
9、oustical laboratories,actual field performance of operable partitions will probably beless than that of test specimens. Sound transmission betweenareas to be isolated will occur through all of the connectingbuilding components in addition to the operable partition, thatis, floor and ceiling slabs, c
10、eiling plenums, common walls, etc.All possible paths between the areas being isolated should havea sound insulation performance at least equal to the operablepartition. Unless good acoustical practice is followed in bothbuilding design and installation, there may be a significantdiscrepancy between
11、the sound isolation expected and thatachieved.3.3 Because of the complex nature of the sound flankingpaths adjacent to operable partitions, it is highly recommendedthat all related construction details be reviewed by a personqualified in acoustical construction.3.4 This guide does not specify requir
12、ements. However,persons desiring to write installation and construction specifi-cations may find the contents useful in developing require-ments for the site preparation, and installation practices nec-essary to minimize leakage and flanking sound around theoperable partition.4. Properties of Operab
13、le Partitions4.1 There are several types of operable partitions: hingedpanel groups, individual panel and continuously hinged parti-tion systems. Some are supported by overhead track with orwithout a floor guide or track. Some are floor supported with anoverhead track to guide them. They may be manu
14、al orpower-operated. One type consists of movable panels securedin place by vertical expansion to seal against the floor andceiling. Seals or gaskets are of many kinds; some consist ofresilient material that maintains continuous flexible contact1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
15、 E33 on Building andEnvironmentalAcoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.04 onApplication of Acoustical Materials and Systems.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E 557 - 00.2For
16、 referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
17、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.with floor or ceiling, and some include a mechanical, hydraulicor pneumatic mechanism that maintains clearance when inmotion and a positive seal when finally closed.4.2 Sound Leaks:4.2.1 The seals at the top of the partitions should makecontinuous co
18、ntact with smooth surfaces on both sides of theoperable partitions. The sound path through an insufficient seal,up and over the track, and out on the other side through theinsufficient seal constitutes a serious sound leak.4.2.2 When a partition consists of several panels, leaks mayoccur at the vert
19、ical joints when the seals at the joint are nottight.4.2.3 Pass-through doors in partitions will generally reducethe overall sound isolation of the wall. For this reason,pass-through doors should be equipped with full perimetergasketing, including seals at head.4.2.4 Track assemblies installed outsi
20、de the partition storagepocket area to form cross-through paths (90 to each other )primarily for the transport of partitions from one location to theother should be avoided unless a satisfactory method isprovided to reduce the flanking path created through the tracksection from one side of the parti
21、tion to the other.4.3 Sound Flanking PathsAlthough the operable partitionmay be an adequate barrier itself, sound may pass from oneside to the other by going over, around, or under the partition.The passage of sound by paths other than directly through thepartition itself is called flanking transmis
22、sion.5. Recommendations5.1 Area Above Track:5.1.1 If there is a plenum above the partition, sound maypass up through the ceiling on one side and down through theceiling on the other. A barrier should be erected directly abovethe operable partitions. This barrier, in conjunction with theceiling, shou
23、ld have a sound transmission loss equal to orgreater than that of the partition. The barrier is best designed aspart of the building and not added as an afterthought (see Fig.1). Often a seemingly solid ceiling has hollows behind it, suchas spaces between the joists, or spaces in corrugated decks, t
24、hatprovide a flanking path around an operable partition below. Thehollow spaces must be blocked directly above the operablepartition. The sound transmission loss provided by the block-ing barrier should be equal to or greater than that provided bythe operable partition.5.1.2 When a plenum is part of
25、 the air conditioning system,a sound-attenuating duct or silencer is recommended to controlpossible flanking and should be installed through the barrierwall straddling the operable partition below. The compositesound transmission loss of the duct or silencer, and the ceiling,should be equal to or gr
26、eater than the sound transmission lossof the partition (see Fig. 2).NOTE 1Lagging of the silencer or ductwork, or constructing these ofheavier gage sheet metal, may be required on both sides of the barrier wallto acheive the necessary composite sound transmission loss requirements.5.1.3 Generally, t
27、rack systems for operable partitions areinstalled during the early phases of building interior construc-tion. The panels are often among the last items installed in thebuilding. The barrier above the track may be built betweenthese two events. To level the track after the weight of thepanels is appl
28、ied, manufacturers and installers of operablepartitions request access to the area above the track. This canFIG. 1 Recommended Ceiling Barrier InstallationFIG. 2 Recommended Sound Attenuating Duct InstallationE 557 00 (2006)2conflict with the need to build a barrier in the same area. It isimportant
29、to work out a design that provides an adequateacoustical barrier and allows access for adjustment of the track.If built-in access doors or removable gypsum board panels areused for this purpose, they should be sealed at the peripherywith solid or closed cell gaskets.5.1.4 If doors or removable panel
30、s used to cover openings ina monolithic ceiling, to gain access for servicing partition drivetrain components, the openings should be sufficiently large topermit all service operations without modification or damage tothe ceiling. The covers should be sealed at the periphery withsolid or closed cell
31、 gaskets. Fig. 3 shows the recommendedlocations of access panels. The doors or removable accesspanels should have a sound transmission loss equal to orgreater than the ceiling transmission loss.5.2 Floor Below Partition:5.2.1 Some types of floors are intentionally designed withhollow spaces below (f
32、or example, some gymnasium woodfloors or computer room access floors). Where there is a hollowspace under the operable partition, sound may pass downthrough the floor on one side and up through the floor on theother. A barrier should be erected directly below the operablepartition. The barrier, in c
33、onjunction with the floor, should havea sound transmission loss equal to or greater than that of thepartition (see Fig. 4, (a) and (b).5.2.2 If the floor is carpeted, it will be difficult to obtain agood seal at the bottom of the operable partition. It ispreferable to replace the carpet with a strip
34、 of smooth material,such as metal, wood, or vinyl, where the bottom seals makecontact with the floor (see Fig. 5 (a) and (b).5.2.3 The seals at the bottom of the partition should makeairtight contact with the floor. The floor immediately under thepartition should not vary from a smooth level surface
35、 by morethan 618 in. (63.2 mm) in 12 ft (3.7 m) non-accumulative. Asteel member, such as a standard terrazzo strip, can be placedin a concrete floor to ensure this accuracy (see Fig. 5 (b). TestMethods E 1155 and E 1155M are test methods for measuringfloor flatness and levelness.5.2.4 When floors un
36、der operable partitions are on upperstories, they are subject to live load deflections. If the deflec-tions exceed the ability of the bottom seals of the operablepartition to extend, all seal contact will be lost, opening a largesound leak. Either the floor should be designed to limit thedeflections
37、 to less than the extension offered by the operablepartition, or an operable partition whose bottom seals offersufficient extension to maintain contact with the floor underthese conditions should be specified.5.2.5 If the operable partition extends directly to a floortruss or to the underside of a f
38、loor structure, the use of a slipjoint may be considered to accommodate deflection of thefloor. All slip joints shall be specially designed or tested, orboth, to ensure that no sound leakage is introduced.5.3 End Conditions:5.3.1 Operable partitions use various techniques to sealagainst permanent wa
39、lls and partitions. These may includebulb seals, telescoping closures, fixed jambs mounted to thepermanent wall or partition, or jambs recessed into the perma-nent surface. In any case, provision should be made to permitan airtight closure against the permanent wall, including gapsin baseboards, cha
40、ir rails, crown moldings, and other surface-mounted trim on the wall surface. Additionally, provisionshould be made to ensure flanking sound is not conductedthrough the structure of the permanent walls and partitions.5.3.2 Operable partitions generally close against one of thefollowing permanent wal
41、ls or partitions, which should applythe accompanying design and construction considerations.5.3.2.1 Fixed partitions in the same plane as the operablepartition should have a sound transmission loss equal to orgreater than that of the operable partition.5.3.2.2 Gypsum-board-on-stud fixed partitions p
42、erpendicu-lar to the operable partition should have solid backing directlybehind the fixed jamb or bulb seal contact point to resistFIG. 3 Ceiling Access Panels for Partitions With or Without a PocketE 557 00 (2006)3bowing when the operable partition applies pressure. Theblocking should be designed
43、similar or equivalent to thatshown in Fig. 6 (a) and (b). Often it is best to fill the fixedoperable partition with mineral or glass wool to increase itssound transmission loss. See Practice E 497.5.3.2.3 Concrete block or brick walls without facing usuallyhave concave grout lines which can be sever
44、e flanking paths.Either a fixed jamb or a smooth closure surface should bemounted to the wall and caulked or sealed in place.5.3.2.4 Gypsum board furred from masonry walls or sur-rounding columns should be blocked and filled at the jamb.Fig. 7 (a) and (b) show typical details.5.3.3 It is necessary t
45、o obtain good contact between theoperable partition and the fixed jamb (if used) or the bulb sealand the permanent wall. If a fixed jamb is used, it should beplumb and the partition adjusted to exert adequate pressure.The surface to receive the jamb or bulb seals should be plumbto within 618 in. (63
46、.2 mm) for every 10 ft (3.0 m) of height.The fixed portion of the jamb should be caulked or sealed to thewall to prevent leaks between it and the building construction(see Fig. 6 (b).5.4 Structural Support for Operable PartitionsTheweight of the operable partition, in addition to all dead loads,shou
47、ld be taken into consideration when designing the support-ing member. Deflection under maximum anticipated loadshould be no more than18 in. (3.2 mm) per 12 ft (3.7 m) ofopening width. If greater deflection is anticipated, either astructural member independent of the roof structure should beinstalled
48、 to support the operable partition, or an operableFIG. 4 Recommended Floor Barrier InstallationFIG. 5 Recommended Floor Leveling InstallationE 557 00 (2006)4partition with bottom seals designed to accommodate the largerdeflection should be specified.5.5 Focusing of SoundPartitions with curved surfac
49、es thatcan bring sound to a focus should be avoided. They can causeacoustical problems within the enclosed space entirely apartfrom any noise that may intrude from the outside.6. Verification of Field Performance6.1 At the option of the owner, if the field acousticalperformance is to be verified, a field sound test shall beconducted in accordance with Test Method E 336, and theNoise Isolation Class (NIC) should be calculated in accordancewith Classification E 413.7. Keywords7.1 acoustic; installation; movable; operable; partitions;soundFIG. 6 Typical Wall/Jamb Details
