1、Designation: E791 08 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forCalculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E791; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method gives equations to enable analyticaldata from the application of RDF
3、 analyses procedures to beexpressed on various different bases in common use. Suchbases are: as-received; dry; dry, ash-free; and others.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to a
4、ddress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5681 Termi
5、nology for Waste and Waste Management3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology D5681.3.2 Symbols:3.2.1 The symbols used in this test method are as follows:M = moisture, weight %,Mar= moisture as-received (total moisture), weight %,Mad= moisture as-deter
6、mined (residual moisture),weight %,ADL = air-dry loss, weight %,P = any analysis parameter listed in 5.1, weight %(except gross calorific value in Btu/lb),H = hydroxygen, weight %,O = oxygen, weight %, andA = ash, weight %.3.2.2 Subscripts used in this test method are as follows:ad= as-determined,ar
7、= as-received,d= dry, anddaf= dry, ash-free (equivalent to moisture and ash-free, maf).4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is available to producers and users ofRDF to use in converting laboratory data from one basis toanother.5. Applicable Parameters5.1 The calculation procedures defined in
8、 7.1.3, 7.2.2, and7.3.2 are applicable to the following analysis parameters whenexpressed as a weight percent (except gross calorific value asBtu/lb).5.1.1 Ash,5.1.2 Carbon,5.1.3 Chloride, water-soluble,5.1.4 Chlorine, total,5.1.5 Calorific value (gross),5.1.6 Fixed carbon,5.1.7 Nitrogen,5.1.8 Sulfu
9、r, and5.1.9 Volatile matter.6. Sampling6.1 Sampling techniques are not directly applicable to thistest method. However, sampling procedures are identified inthe respective methods of analyses.7. Methods for Calculating Data7.1 Converting from the as-determined analysis samplebasis to the as-received
10、 basis:7.1.1 Moisture:Mar5 Mad3 100 2 ADL!/100#1ADL (1)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Original
11、lyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E791 08. DOI:10.1520/E0791-08R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Documen
12、t Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17.1.2 Hydrogen and OxygenInasmuch as hydrogen andoxygen values may be reported on the basis of containing ornot containing the hydrogen and oxygen in wa
13、ter (moisture)associated with the sample, alternate conversion procedures aredefined as follows:7.1.2.1 Hydrogen and oxygen reported include hydrogenand oxygen in water:Har5F Had2 0.1119 Mad! 3100 2 Mar100 2 MadG10.119 Mar(2)Oar5F Oad2 0.8881 Mad! 3100 2 Mar100 2 MarG10.881 Mar(3)where:0.1119 = rati
14、o of the weight of hydrogen in water to themolecular weight of water, and0.8881 = ratio of the weight of oxygen in water to themolecular weight of water.7.1.2.2 Hydrogen and oxygen reported do not include hy-drogen and oxygen in water:Har5 Had2 0.1119 Mad! 3100 2 Mar100 2 Mad(4)Oar5 Oad2 0.881 Mad!
15、3100 2 Mar100 2 Mad(5)7.1.3 Other ParametersThe following equation is appli-cable to all parameters, P, listed in 5.1:Par5 Pad3100 2 Mar100 2 Mad(6)7.2 Converting from the as-determined analysis samplebasis to the dry basis:7.2.1 Hydrogen and Oxygen:Hd5 Had2 0.1119 Mad! 3100100 2 Mad(7)Od5 Oad2 0.88
16、1 Mad! 3100100 2 Mad(8)7.2.2 Other ParametersThe following equation is appli-cable to all parameters, P, listed in 5.1:Pd5 Pad3100/100 2 Mad! (9)7.3 Converting from the as-determined analysis samplebasis to the dry, ash-free basis (see Note 1).7.3.1 Hydrogen and Oxygen:Hdaf5 Had2 0.1119 Mad! 3100100
17、 2 Mad2 Aad(10)Odaf5 Oad2 0.8881 Mad! 3100100 2 Mad2 Aad(11)7.3.2 Other ParametersThe following equation is appli-cable to all parameters, P, listed in 5.1:Pdaf5 Pad3100100 2 Mad2 Aad(12)NOTE 1It may not always be practical to report some parameters ona dry, ash-free basis due to oxidation of consti
18、tuents as well as someelements being retained in the ash. The data calculated are to a theoreticalbase of no moisture or ash present in the sample.8. Conversion Chart8.1 To convert any of the analysis values for the parameterslisted in 5.1 from one basis to another, multiply the given valueby the va
19、lue shown in the appropriate column in Table 1.8.2 Hydrogen and oxygen on the as-determined basis in-clude hydrogen and oxygen in free water (moisture) associatedwith the analysis sample. However, hydrogen and oxygenvalues reported on other moisture-containing bases may bereported either as containi
20、ng or not containing the hydrogenand oxygen in water (moisture) reported on that basis. Con-version procedures are shown in Table 2.9. Sample Calculations9.1 An example of analysis data tabulated for a hypotheticalRDF on various bases is shown in Table 3.10. Reporting of Results10.1 Report the resul
21、ts of the proximate and ultimateanalysis based on the example shown in Table 3.10.2 To avoid ambiguity and to provide a means forconversion of data to other than the reported basis, it isessential that an appropriate moisture and ash content be givenin the data report.TABLE 1 Conversion ChartNOTE 1T
22、o convert any of analyses values for the parameters listed in 5.1 from one basis to another, multiply the given value by the value shownin the appropriate column.E791 08 (2016)210.3 If hydrogen or oxygen data, or both, are reported on anas-received basis (or any other moisture basis), a footnote ors
23、ome other means shall be employed in the report to indicatewhether the values reported do or do not include hydrogen andoxygen in the moisture associated with the sample.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin
24、 this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and mus
25、t be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
26、responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
27、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission
28、 rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 2 Procedures for Converting As-Determined Values to Other BasesTABLE 3 Standard Reporting Form Analyses Data of RDFAs-DeterminedAs-ReceivedDry
29、BasisDry, Ash-FreeBasisHarand OarincludeH and O in sampleMarHarand Oardo notinclude H and O insample MarAir dry loss, % 18.69 . . . .Residual moisture (Mad), % 2.15 . . . .Total moisture (Mar), % . 20.44 20.44 . .Ash, % 20.68 16.82 16.82 21.14 .Volatile matter, % 62.29 50.65 50.65 63.66 80.73Fixed c
30、arbon, % 14.88 12.09 12.09 15.20 19.27Total, proximate 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00Total, moisture, % . . 20.44 . .Ash, % 20.68 16.82 16.82 21.14 .Carbon, % 39.66 32.25 32.25 40.53 51.40Hydrogen, % 5.12 6.25 3.97 4.99 6.32Nitrogen, %0.60 0.60 0.49 0.49 0.61 0.78Chlorine, % 0.30 0.24 0.24 0.31 0.39Sulfur, %0.15 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.19Oxygen, % 33.49 43.83 25.68 32.28 40.93Total, ultimate 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00Gross heating value, Btu/lb 6868 5584 5584 7019 8900Chloride, water soluble, % 0.19 0.15 0.15 0.19 0.25E791 08 (2016)3
