1、Designation: E 814 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFire Tests of Through-Penetration Fire Stops1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 814; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONCharacteristically fire spread
3、s from one building compartment to another by the collapse of abarrier, or by openings through which flames or hot gases may pass, or by transfer of sufficient heatto ignite combustibles beyond the barrier. Test Methods E119describe the method to be used tomeasure the fire-resistive performance of t
4、hese barriers.However, various techniques of providing for the distribution of services within a structuresometimes require that openings be made in fire-resistive walls and floors to allow the passage of suchpenetrating items as cables, conduits, pipes, trays, and ducts through to the adjacent comp
5、artment.Fire-stop material is installed into these openings to resist the spread of fire.The performance of through-penetration fire stops should be measured and specified according toa common standard that describes the method of fire exposure and rating criteria.1. Scope1.1 This test method is app
6、licable to through-penetrationfire stops of various materials and construction. Fire stops areintended for use in openings in fire-resistive walls and floorsthat are evaluated in accordance with Test Methods E119.1.2 Tests conducted in conformance with this test methodrecord fire-stop performance du
7、ring the test exposure; but suchtests shall not be construed to determine suitability of the firestop for use after test exposure.1.3 This test method also measures the resistance of firestops to an external force stimulated by a hose stream.However, this test method shall not be construed as determ
8、in-ing the performance of the fire stop during actual fire condi-tions when subjected to forces such as failure of cable supportsystems and falling debris.1.4 The intent of this test method is to develop data to assistothers in determining the suitability of the fire stops for usewhere fire resistan
9、ce is required.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of mater
10、ials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-riskassessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actualfire conditions.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety c
11、oncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide expla
12、natory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredrequirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand MaterialsE 2226 Practice for Application of Hose Stream3. Term
13、inology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 fire stopa through-penetration fire stop is a specificconstruction consisting of the materials that fill the openingaround penetrating items such as cables, cable trays, conduits,ducts, and pipes and their means of support through the wall orfloor opening to prevent sprea
14、d of fire.1This method is under the jurisdiction of Committee E05 on Fire Standards andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Construction Assemblies.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E 814
15、 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
16、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 test specimenthe penetrating item or items and thematerials or devices, or both, that seal the opening in thefirestop system being tested.3.2.2 test assemblythe wall or floor that is pa
17、rt of thefirestop system being tested into which the test specimen(s) is(are) mounted or installed.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This method of testing through-penetration firestopsystems exposes firestop systems to a standard temperature-time fire, and to a subsequent application of a hose stream.4.
18、2 Ratings are established on the basis of the period ofresistance to the fire exposure, prior to the first development ofthrough openings, flaming on the unexposed surface, limitingthermal transmission criterion, and acceptable performanceunder application of a hose stream.5. Significance and Use5.1
19、 This test method is used to determine the performanceof a firestop system with respect to exposure to a standardtime-temperature fire test and a hose stream test. The perfor-mance of a firestop system is dependent upon the specificassembly of materials tested including the number, type, andsize of
20、penetrations and the floors or walls in which it isinstalled.5.2 Two ratings are established for each firestop system. AnF rating is based upon flame occurrence on the unexposedsurface, while the T rating is based upon the temperature rise aswell as flame occurrence on the unexposed side of the fire
21、stopsystem. These ratings, together with detailed performance datasuch as the location of through-openings and temperatures ofpenetrating items are intended to be one factor in assessingperformance of firestop systems.6. Control of Fire Tests6.1 Time-Temperature CurveThe fire environment withinthe f
22、urnace shall be in accordance with the standard time-temperature curve shown in Fig. 1. The points on the curve thatdetermine its character are:Ambient at 0 min1000F (538C) at 5 min1300F (704C) at 10 min1550F (843C) at 30 min1700F (927C) at 60 min1850F (1010C) at 120 min2000F (1093C) at 240 min2300F
23、 (1260C) at 480 min or over6.2 Furnace Temperatures:6.2.1 The temperature fixed by the curve shall be theaverage temperature obtained from the readings of thermo-couples symmetrically disposed and distributed within the testfurnace to show the temperature near all parts of the assembly.Use a minimum
24、 of three thermocouples, with not fewer thanfive thermocouples per 100 ft2(9.29 m2) of floor surface, andnot fewer than nine thermocouples per 100 ft2of wall specimensurface.6.2.2 Enclose the thermocouples in sealed protection tubesof such materials and dimensions that the time constant of theprotec
25、ted thermocouple assembly lies within the range (seeNote 1) from 300 to 400 s. The exposed length of thepyrometer tube and thermocouple in the furnace chamber shallbe not less than 12 in. (300 mm). Use of other types ofprotection tubes or pyrometers is acceptable provided thattemperature measurement
26、s obtained in accordance with Fig. 1are within the limit of accuracy that applies for furnacetemperature measurements.NOTE 1A typical thermocouple meeting these time-constant require-ments may be fabricated by fusion-welding the twisted ends of No. 18 Band S gage (0.040 in.) (1.02 mm) Chromel-Alumel
27、 wires, mounting theleads in porcelain insulators and inserting the assembly so the thermo-couple bead is 0.50 in. (13 mm) from the sealed end of a standard weight,nominal12-in. iron, steel, or Inconel pipe. (Inconel is a trademark of IncoAlloys, Inc., 3800 Riverside Dr., P.O. Box 1958, Huntington,
28、WV 25720.)The time constant for this and for several other thermocouple assemblieswas measured in 1976. The time constant may also be calculated fromknowledge of its physical and thermal properties. See Research ReportRR:E05-1001, available from ASTM Headquarters.6.2.3 For floors, place the junction
29、 of the thermocouples 12in. (300 mm) away from the exposed face of the assembly. Inthe case of walls, place the thermocouples 6.0 in. (150 mm)away from the exposed face.6.2.4 Read the temperature at intervals not exceeding 5 minduring the first 120 min. Thereafter, the intervals shall notexceed 10 m
30、in.6.2.5 The accuracy of the furnace control shall be such thatthe area under the temperature-time curve, obtained by aver-aging the results from the pyrometer or thermoelectric devicereadings, is within 10 % of the corresponding area under thestandard temperature-time curve shown in Fig. 1 for fire
31、 testsof 60 min or less duration; within 7.5 % for those over 60 minand not more than 120 min; and within 5 % for tests exceeding120 min in duration.6.3 Unexposed Surface Temperatures:6.3.1 Make at least one measurement at each of the follow-ing locations on the unexposed surface of the test sample
32、andfloor or wall assembly as shown in Fig. 2.NOTEFor a closer definition of the temperature-time curve, see AnnexA1.FIG. 1 Temperature-Time CurveE8140826.3.2 Additional temperature measurements are made at thediscretion of the testing agency to obtain representative infor-mation on the performance o
33、f the firestop systems.6.3.3 Measure temperatures on the surface of the materials,devices, or both, that are used to seal the opening in the testassembly.6.3.4 Measure the temperature of the test assembly.6.3.5 Temperature measurements shall be made with ther-mocouples placed under flexible pads spe
34、cified in Annex A2.The pads shall be held firmly against the surface and shall fitclosely about the thermocouples. The thermocouple junctionshall be located under the center of the pads. The thermocoupleleads under the pads shall be not heavier than No. 18 B and Sgage (0.040 in.) (1.02 mm) and shall
35、 be electrically insulatedwith heat-resistant moisture-resistant coverings.6.3.6 Measure temperatures of each type and size of pen-etrating item with at least one thermocouple located 1.0 in.(25.4 mm) from the unexposed surface of the material, device,or both, that is (are) used to seal the opening
36、in the testassembly. The thermocouple bead shall be held firmly againstthe penetrating item. The thermocouple leads shall not beheavier than No. 22 B and S gage (0.025 in.) (0.635 mm) andshall be electrically insulated with heat-resistant and moisture-resistant coverings. The pads as described above
37、 shall be heldfirmly against the penetrating item and shall fit closely aboutthe thermocouples.6.3.7 Temperature readings shall be taken at intervals notexceeding 15 min until a reading exceeding 212F (100C) hasbeen obtained at any one point. Thereafter, at the discretion ofthe testing body, the rea
38、dings shall be taken more frequently,but the intervals need not be less than 5 min.6.4 Differential Pressure:6.4.1 The pressure differential between the exposed andunexposed surfaces of the test assembly, as defined in 3.2.2,shall be measured at two points 0.78 in. (20 mm) from theexposed surface of
39、 the test assembly as follows:6.4.1.1 WallsAt two points along the vertical center line.The two points shall be separated by a vertical distance that isequal to or greater than one-half of the height of the testassembly.6.4.1.2 FloorsTwo points along the longitudinal centerline at a distance ofL4 6L
40、8 from the center of the floor whereL equals the length of the floor.6.4.2 The pressure-measuring probes shall be a Tee-shapedprobe or a tube probe and shall be manufactured from stainlesssteel or other suitable material.6.4.3 Measure the pressure by means of a manometer orequivalent transducer. The
41、 manometer or transducer shall becapable of reading 0.01-in. H2O (2.5-Pa) increments with ameasurement precision of 0.005 in. H2O (1.25 Pa).6.4.4 The furnace shall be controlled such that the differen-tial pressure between the exposed and the unexposed surfacesof the test assembly complies with eith
42、er 6.4.4.1 or 6.4.4.2.6.4.4.1 Standard Pressure ConditionExcept for the first10 min. of the test, the furnace pressure shall be at least 0.01 in.wg (2.5 Pa) greater than the pressure on the unexposed side ofthe test assembly at the following locations:Legend:AAt a point on the surface of the materia
43、ls or devices, or both, that seal the opening 1 in. (25 mm) from one through-penetrating item for each type of penetrating itememployed in the field of the materials or devices, or both, that seal the opening. If the grouping of penetrating items through the test sample prohibits placement of thethe
44、rmocouple pad, the thermocouple shall not be required.BAt a point at the periphery on the surface of the materials or devices, or both, that seal the opening.CAt a minimum of three points on the surface of the materials that seal the opening, approximately equidistant from a penetrating item or grou
45、p of penetrating itemsin the field of the materials that seal the opening and the periphery.DAt one point on any frame that is installed about the perimeter of the opening.EAt one point on the unexposed surface of the wall or floor that is a minimum of 12 in. (305 mm) from any opening.FAt one point
46、on each type of through-penetrating item. If the through-penetrating item is insulated or coated on the unexposed side, the thermocouple shall be locatedon the exterior surface of the insulation or coating. If the coating or insulation does not extend the full length of the penetrating item on the u
47、nexposed side, an additionalthermocouple shall be installed on the penetrating item 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) beyond the termination of the insulation or coating.FIG. 2 Temperature Measurement LocationsE814083(1) WallsAt the lowest elevation of the test specimen(see Note 2).(2) FloorsAt the location of the
48、pressure-measuringprobes.NOTE 2Asupplementary pressure probe, in addition to the two probesspecified in 6.4.1.1, may be used to determine compliance with thisrequirement.6.4.4.2 Unique Pressure ConditionThe differential pres-sure shall be specified by the test sponsor. The furnace shall becontrolled
49、 such that the specified differential pressure is main-tained throughout the duration of the test, excluding the first 10min., within 20 % of the specified pressure.7. Test Specimen7.1 Construction and Size:7.1.1 The construction of the test firestop systems shall be ofsufficient size and include all conduits, pipes, cables (jackettypes, sizes, conductor types, percent fills), required supports,or other through-penetrating items so as to produce a repre-sentative firestop system for which evaluation is being sought.Install and test firestop syst
