1、Designation: E814 11aE814 13 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFire Tests of Penetration Firestop Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E814; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONCharacteristically fire s
3、preads from one building compartment to another by the collapse of abarrier, or by openings through which flames or hot gases may pass, or by transfer of sufficient heatto ignite combustibles beyond the barrier. Test Methods E119 describe the method to be used tomeasure the fire-resistive performanc
4、e of these barriers.However, various techniques of providing for the distribution of services within a structuresometimes require that openings be made in fire-resistive walls and floors to allow the passage of suchpenetrating items as cables, conduits, pipes, trays, and ducts through to the adjacen
5、t compartment.Fire-stop material is installed into these openings to resist the spread of fire.The performance of through-penetration firestops should be measured and specified according to acommon standard that describes the method of fire exposure and rating criteria.1. Scope1.1 This test method i
6、s applicable to firestop systems of various materials and construction. Firestop systems are intended foruse in openings in fire-resistive walls and floors that are evaluated in accordance with Test Methods E119.1.2 Tests conducted in conformance with this test method record firestop system performa
7、nce during the test exposure; but suchtests shall not be construed to determine suitability of the firestop system for use after test exposure.1.3 This test method also measures the resistance of firestop systems to an external force stimulated by a hose stream. However,this test method shall not be
8、 construed as determining the performance of the firestop system during actual fire conditions whensubjected to forces such as failure of cable support systems and falling debris.1.4 The intent of this test method is to develop data to assist others in determining the suitability of the firestops fo
9、r use wherefire resistance is required.1.5 This test method does not apply to membrane penetrations of a floor-ceiling assembly or roof-ceiling assembly that aretested as part of the assembly in accordance with Test Methods E119.1.6 This test method does not apply to membrane penetrations of load-be
10、aring walls.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of mater
11、ials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safet
12、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.10 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide exp
13、lanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Fire Resistance.Cur
14、rent edition approved April 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2013. Published April 2011November 2013. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2011 asE814 11.E814 11a. DOI: 10.1520/E0814-11A.10.1520/E0814-13.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an AST
15、M standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published
16、by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fi
17、re StandardsE2226 Practice for Application of Hose Stream2.2 Other Documents:ANSI/UL 1479 Standard for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Firestops3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method refer to Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This
18、Standard:3.2.1 firestop system, na specific combination of penetrating item or items, the specific construction that is penetrated, and thematerials or devices, or both, that seal the opening provided to accommodate one or more items that penetrate into or through afire-resistance rated assembly.3.2
19、.1.1 DiscussionThe materials and devices used to seal the opening around penetrating items are sometimes referred to as “firestops.” Note thatit is not “firestops” that are tested by this standard, but rather “firestop systems.” Due to the complex interaction during a firebetween the penetrant, the
20、penetrated assembly, the materials and/or devices used to seal the penetration, and the specific size andshape of the opening, it is not possible to simply test the “firestop” to develop fire resistance data.3.2.2 membrane-penetration firestop system, na firestop system that seals the opening provid
21、ed to accommodate one or moreitems that penetrate the membrane on only one side of a fire-resistance rated assembly.3.2.2.1 DiscussionExamples of penetrating items include cables, conduits, ducts, pipes, and electrical boxes.3.2.3 test assemblythe wall or floor that is part of the firestop system be
22、ing tested into which the test specimen(s) is (are)mounted or installed.3.2.4 test specimenthe penetrating item or items and the materials or devices, or both, that seal the opening in the firestopsystem being tested.3.2.5 through-penetration firestop system, na firestop system that seals the openin
23、g around penetrating items that pass throughthe entire fire-resistance rated assembly.3.2.5.1 DiscussionExamples of penetrating items include cables, cable trays, conduits, ducts, and pipes.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This method of testing through-penetration firestop systems exposes firestop syst
24、ems to a standard temperature-time fire,and to a subsequent application of a hose stream.4.2 Ratings are established on the basis of the period of resistance to the fire exposure, prior to the first development of throughopenings, flaming on the unexposed surface, limiting thermal transmission crite
25、rion, and acceptable performance under applicationof a hose stream.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine the performance of a firestop system with respect to exposure to a standardtime-temperature fire test and a hose stream test. The performance of a firestop system is de
26、pendent upon the specific assemblyof materials tested including the number, type, and size of penetrations and the floors or walls in which it is installed.5.2 Two ratings shall be established for each firestop system. An F rating shall be based upon flame occurrence on theunexposed surface, while t
27、he T rating shall be based upon the temperature rise as well as flame occurrence on the unexposed side2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards D
28、ocument Summary page on the ASTM website.E814 132of the firestop system. These ratings, together with detailed performance data such as the location of through-openings andtemperatures of penetrating items are intended to be one factor in assessing performance of firestop systems.6. Control of Fire
29、Tests6.1 Time-Temperature CurveThe fire environment within the furnace shall be in accordance with the standard time-temperature curve shown in Fig. 1. The points on the curve that determine its character are:Ambient at 0 min1000F (538C) at 5 min1300F (704C) at 10 min1550F (843C) at 30 min1700F (927
30、C) at 60 min1850F (1010C) at 120 min2000F (1093C) at 240 min2300F (1260C) at 480 min or over6.2 Furnace Temperatures:6.2.1 The temperature fixed by the curve shall be the average temperature obtained from the readings of thermocouplessymmetrically disposed and distributed within the test furnace to
31、show the temperature near all parts of the assembly. Use aminimum of three thermocouples, with not fewer than five thermocouples per 100 ft2 (9.29 m2) of floor surface, and not fewer thannine thermocouples per 100 ft2 of wall specimen surface.6.2.2 Enclose the thermocouples in sealed protection tube
32、s of such materials and dimensions that the time constant of theprotected thermocouple assembly lies within the range (see Note 1) from 300 to 400 s. The exposed length of the pyrometer tubeand thermocouple in the furnace chamber shall be not less than 12 in. (300 mm). Use of other types of protecti
33、on tubes orpyrometers shall be acceptable provided that temperature measurements obtained in accordance with Fig. 1 are within the limitof accuracy that applies for furnace temperature measurements.NOTE 1A typical thermocouple meeting these time-constant requirements may be fabricated by fusion-weld
34、ing the twisted ends of No. 18 B and Sgage (0.040 in.) (1.02 mm) Chromel-Alumel wires, mounting the leads in porcelain insulators and inserting the assembly so the thermocouple bead is0.50 in. (13 mm) from the sealed end of a standard weight, nominal 12-in. iron, steel, or Inconel pipe. (Inconel is
35、a trademark of Inco Alloys, Inc., 3800Riverside Dr., P.O. Box 1958, Huntington, WV 25720.) The time constant for this and for several other thermocouple assemblies was measured in 1976.The time constant may also be calculated from knowledge of its physical and thermal properties. See Research Report
36、 RR:E05-1001, available fromASTM Headquarters.6.2.3 For floors, place the junction of the thermocouples 12 in. (300 mm) away from the exposed face of the assembly. In thecase of walls, place the thermocouples 6.0 in. (150 mm) away from the exposed face.6.2.4 Read the temperature at intervals not exc
37、eeding 5 min during the first 120 min. Thereafter, the intervals shall not exceed10 min.6.2.5 The accuracy of the furnace control shall be such that the area under the temperature-time curve, obtained by averagingthe results from the pyrometer or thermoelectric device readings, is within 10 % of the
38、 corresponding area under the standardtemperature-time curve shown in Fig. 1 for fire tests of 60 min or less duration; within 7.5 % for those over 60 min and not morethan 120 min; and within 5 % for tests exceeding 120 min in duration.6.3 Unexposed Surface Temperatures:NOTE 1For a closer definition
39、 of the temperature-time curve, see Annex A1.FIG. 1 Temperature-Time CurveE814 1336.3.1 Measure temperatures on the surface of the materials, devices, or both, that are used to seal the opening in the testassembly.6.3.2 Measure the temperature of the test assembly.6.3.3 Measure temperature at each o
40、f the locations on the unexposed surface of the penetrating item and floor or wall assemblyas shown in Fig. 2.6.3.4 For tests of membrane penetration firestop systems, in addition to the requirements of 6.3.3, measure temperature at eachof the locations on the non-fire side of the test assembly as s
41、hown in Fig. 3 for test assemblies that include membrane penetrationson only one face of the test assembly, or as shown in Fig. 4 for test assemblies that include conditions representative of both sidesof the membrane penetration on one surface of the wall.6.3.4.1 DiscussionThe area in which thermoc
42、ouples “G” are located, as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, is the perpendicularprojections of the test assemlby opening area on the non-fire side of the un-penetrated membrane.6.3.5 Additional temperature measurements shall be made at the discretion of the testing agency to obtain representativeinformat
43、ion on the performance of the firestop systems.6.3.6 For the purpose of obtaining supplementary information during tests of membrane penetrations, the temperature inside ofeach wall cavity having a membrane penetration shall be measured using one or more thermocouples. Such thermocouples shallbe loc
44、ated 3 6 0.25 in. (76 6 6 mm) vertically from the inside top of the wall cavity, and each located 3 6 0.25 in. (76 6 6 mm)in. horizontally from the penetration centerline. Wires for the thermocouples shall be routed so as not to impact the fireperformance measurements that are made on the non-fire s
45、ide membrane.6.3.7 Temperature measurements shall be made with thermocouples placed under flexible pads specified in AnnexA2. The padsshall be held firmly against the surface and shall fit closely about the thermocouples. The thermocouple junction shall be locatedunder the center of the pads. The th
46、ermocouple leads under the pads shall be not heavier than No. 18 B and S gage (0.040 in.)(1.02 mm) and shall be electrically insulated with heat-resistant moisture-resistant coverings.6.3.8 For tests of membrane penetration firestop systems, the pads placed over thermocouples used to measure the non
47、-fire sidewall temperature at the top of the wall cavity (position H in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) shall have the properties specified in Annex A2,except that they shall have a length and width of 6.00 6 0.04 in. (152 6 1 mm).6.3.8.1 DiscussionThe use of thermocouple pads with dimensions of 6 by 6 in. (152
48、by 152 mm) for position H in Fig. 3provides consistency with Test Method E119, which also uses that size of thermocouple pad. This thermocouple pad will not beconstrained by limitations of space, as other thermocouple positions are likely to be.Legend:AAt a point on the surface of the materials or d
49、evices, or both, that seal the opening 1 in. (25 mm) from one through-penetrating item for each type of penetrating itememployed in the field of the materials or devices, or both, that seal the opening. If the grouping of penetrating items through the test sample prohibits placement of thethermocouple pad, the thermocouple shall not be required.BAt a point at the periphery on the surface of the materials or devices, or both, that seal the opening.CAt a minimum of three points on the surface of the materials that seal the opening, approximately eq
