ASTM E957-2003(2011)e1 0625 Standard Terminology Relating to Geothermal Energy《地热能相关的标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation: E957 03 (Reapproved 2011)1Standard Terminology Relating toGeothermal Energy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E957; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTETypographical errors were corrected editorially in September 2011.aquifer, na water-bearing, permeable body of rock orgranular material below the sur
3、face of the earth.binary cycle plant, na facility that generates electric powerby transferring heat from produced geothermal fluids to anon-aqueous working fluid that vaporizes and causes aturbine to rotate the shaft of a generator.brine, nin geothermal, fluids in a liquid phase that have beenproduc
4、ed from geothermal wells or from hot springs and thatcontain appreciable amounts of sodium chloride and othersalts.capacity, nthe power which a component of a geothermalfacility (e.g., a well, a reservoir, a power plant, or adirect-use facility) is capable of supplying at a point in time,assuming th
5、at other required components of the geothermalfacility are available. Capacity is expressed in units of power(e.g., Megawatts, kilowatts).direct-use facility, na facility which uses geothermal energyfor purposes other than the generation of electricity (e.g.,space heating, greenhouses, bathing, and
6、industrial pro-cesses).fumarole, na vent at the earths surface that emits steam orgaseous vapor.DISCUSSIONSuch vents are usually found in volcanic areas.geochemistry, nthe study of the chemistry of the rocks andfluids of the earth for the purpose of understanding theircomposition, their temperature,
7、 and their origin.geothermal, adjrelating to or derived from the natural heatof the earth.geothermal anomaly, na conspicuous deviation of theearths temperature, geothermal gradient, or heat flow fromaverage values; an area where such a deviation exists.geothermal energy, nthe thermal energy containe
8、d in therocks and fluids of the earth.geothermal facility, nthe physical components necessaryfor the utilization of geothermal energy, including thereservoir, production and injection wells, pipelines, and thepower plant or direct-use facility.geothermal fluid, nwater in a vapor or liquid phase or i
9、n amixture of these phases that exists within or has been emittedfrom a geothermal reservoir, together with any entrained ordissolved substances.geothermal gradient, nthe change in temperature of theearth with depth, expressed either in degrees of temperatureper unit depth, or units of depth per deg
10、ree.geothermal power plant, na facility for the production ofelectricity using geothermal energy, typically including aturbine, a generator, and associated surface equipment.geothermal heat pump, na heat pump that transfers energyto or from the earth.geothermal reserves, nthe amount of energy antici
11、pated tobe economically recoverable from a geothermal facility overa specified time period (e.g., the project life) using existingtechnology. Geothermal reserves are expressed in units ofenergy (e.g., terajoules in SI units), which are dimensionallyequivalent to units of power multiplied by units of
12、 time (e.g.,Megawatt-years or kilowatt-hours). Geothermal reservesmay also be expressed as an equivalent amount of anotherenergy source (e.g., barrels of oil equivalent).DISCUSSIONGeothermal reserves can also be characterized as to thedegree of certainty of recovery. By analogy to usage in the minin
13、g andpetroleum industries, reserves may be qualified as proven, probable, orpossible.Example of Usage:This facility has geothermal reserves of 4,000 Megawatt-years, recoverable over a project life of 30 years.geothermal reservoir, nan aquifer of sufficient temperatureand permeability to support the
14、economic use of geothermalenergy.DISCUSSIONThe extent of a geothermal reservoir is determined bythe degree of hydrologic interconnection. When an aquifer containsboth hot portions and portions that are too cool for economic use, thoseportions that are sufficiently interconnected to have a significan
15、t1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar,Geothermal and Other Alternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E44.15 on Geothermal Field Development, Utilization and Materials.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published September 20
16、11. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E957 03. DOI:10.1520/E0957-03R11E01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.hydrologic or thermal impact on each other are considered part of thesame g
17、eothermal reservoir.geothermal steam, na geothermal fluid in the vapor phase.geothermometer, na method of estimating the temperatureof a geothermal reservoir based on the minerals in thereservoir rock or the concentration of chemical species ingeothermal fluids that have come from the reservoir.geys
18、er, na spring that intermittently blows forth hot waterand steam.heat flow, ndissipation or transfer of heat coming fromwithin the earth by conduction, convection or radiation at thesurface; usually reported in units of energy per unit time perunit area, for example, joules per second per square met
19、re orwatts per square metre.hot spring, na thermal spring whose temperature is abovethat of the human body. (Meinzer 1923)magma, nmolten rock within the earth or within otherplanets.moisture content, nthe percentage by mass of liquid-phasewater in a two-phase mixture of vapor-and liquid-phasewater.D
20、ISCUSSIONThe moisture content of a two-phase mixture is equiva-lent to 100 minus the steam quality.noncondensible gas content, nthe concentration of noncon-densible gas in a geothermal fluid.DISCUSSIONThe principal geothermal noncondensible (NC) gasesinclude carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia
21、, nitrogen, methane,hydrogen, and argon. Standard usage is to express NC gas content as apercentage by mass in the reference fluid; that is,(NC gas content = mass NC gas/ (mass fluid + mass NC gas) 3100, where fluid = water vapor, or water vapor + liquid (total fluid).Other units for NC gas content
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