1、Designation: F1004 15aF1004 16Standard Consumer Safety Specification forExpansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents of head and neck entrapment in childrensexpansion gates and e
3、xpandable enclosures. It also addresses the ability of a pressure gate to resist apush-out force.The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) identified incidents that generally involveda childs head or neck, or both, becoming entrapped in diamond shaped openings and strangulation ofchildren i
4、n V-shapes at the top of accordion style expansion gates or expandable enclosures.Additional incidents and injuries were identified that involved children attempting to climb up andover expansion gates and expandable enclosures, and pushing or pulling pressure gates out ofdoorways.This consumer safe
5、ty specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of gate and enclosuretechnology. It is intended that this consumer safety specification will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available, which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting r
6、equirements.This specification does not address incidents in which gates or enclosures are blatantly misusedalthough warnings and safety instructions are required to be displayed prominently on and with eachgate or enclosure.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers minimum safety perfor
7、mance requirements, test methods, and requirements forlabeling and instructional material to minimize hazards to young children resulting from the normal use and reasonably foreseeablemisuse and abuse of expansion gates and expandable enclosures.1.2 Products known as expansion gates and expandable e
8、nclosures, or by any other name, which are in the scope of thisconsumer safety specification are intended for young children aged six months through 24 months, and are defined in Section 3.1.3 Expansion gates and expandable enclosures defined in Section 3 are for domestic use and are not to be confu
9、sed with othertypes of gates or enclosures that may be specifically designed for commercial, institutional, agricultural, pet use, or any other suchuse.1.4 No expansion gate or expandable enclosure as defined in Section 3, that is, produced after the approval date of this consumersafety specificatio
10、n either by label or other means, shall indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all therequirements contained herein.1.5 For expediency, expansion gates and expandable enclosures as defined in Section 3 will heretofore be referred to in thisconsumer safety specification as
11、“gates” and “enclosures” unless referred to definitively.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 The following pertains
12、 only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification.This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine the applic
13、ability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1 This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.16on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current edition approved July 15, 2015Jan
14、. 1, 2016. Published September 2015February 2016. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2015 asF1004 15.F1004 15a. DOI: 10.1520/F1004-15A.10.1520/F1004-16.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what
15、 changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the
16、official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Ya
17、rds2.2 British Standard:3BS 4125 Specification for Safety Requirements for Child Safety Barriers for Domestic Use2.3 Federal Regulations:416 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, Including Pa
18、rts:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point inToys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by ChildrenUnder Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other Articles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight-Ye
19、ars of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age WhichPresent Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 completely-bounded opening, n
20、any opening in the main structure of a product that is enclosed totally by boundaries onall sides.3.1.2 conspicuous, adjlabel which is visible, when the gate/expandable enclosure is in a manufacturers recommended useposition, to a person standing near the gate/expandable enclosure at any one positio
21、n around the gate/expandable enclosure, butnot necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.3 double-action release mechanism, na release mechanism requiring either two consecutive actions, the first of whichmust be maintained while the second is carried out, or two separate and independent single act
22、ion release mechanisms that mustbe activated simultaneously to unlock the gate/enclosure.3.1.4 expandable enclosures, nself-supporting barrier intended to completely surround an area or play-space within which ayoung child (see 1.2) may be confined.3.1.4.1 DiscussionEnclosures may be marketed for in
23、door or outdoor use, or both. Expandable enclosures do not include an attached floor.3.1.5 expansion gate, nbarrier intended to be erected in an opening, such as a doorway, to prevent the passage of youngchildren (see 1.2), but which can be removed by older persons who are able to operate the lockin
24、g mechanism.3.1.5.1 DiscussionSuch gates are available in a number of different styles of construction and are manufactured from a variety of different materials.3.1.6 extension panel(s), nany panel recommended by the manufacturer for extending the length or height of the productincluding panels sol
25、d with the gate/enclosure and those sold separately.3.1.7 manufacturers recommended use position(s)any position that is presented by the manufacturer in any descriptive orinstructional literature as a normal, allowable, or acceptable configuration for the use of the product.3.1.7.1 DiscussionThis sp
26、ecifically excludes positions which the manufacturer shows in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.3.1.8 nonpaper label, nany label material, such as plastic or metal, which either will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply-defined edge.3.1.9 paper labe
27、l, nany label material, which tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
28、 page on the ASTM website.3 Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/www.bsi-.4 Code of Federal Regulations is available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 21402.F1004 1623.1.10 partially-bounded
29、 opening, nany opening in the main structure of a product that is not enclosed totally by boundarieson all sides.3.1.10.1 DiscussionFor example, a V-shape in the top of an accordion slat-style product or a rectangular notch resulting from a gap between a wallsurface and the main structure of a baby
30、gate would be considered a partially-bounded opening.3.1.11 static load, nvertically downward force applied by a calibrated force gage or by dead weights.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor which may be covered with 18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor
31、 cover, unlessthe test instructs differently.4.2 The gate/expandable enclosure shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufac-turers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be preconditioned
32、 in a room with an ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least1 h prior to testing. Testing then shall be conducted within this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit. The gate/expandable enclosure with andwithout any and all ex
33、tension panels installed in any of the manufacturers recommended use positions must comply with thestandard.5. General Requirements5.1 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free from splinters. Slats are not permitted tocontain any lateral/transverse joints, such as
34、finger-joints, or any other means of joining pieces of lumber end-to-end.5.2 Screws shall not be used in the assembly of any components or locking or attaching device (or devices) that are intendedto be removed by the consumer during daily operations.5.3 There shall be no hazardous sharp edges or po
35、ints as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before or after testingto this consumer safety specification.5.4 There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing to this specification.5.5 Latching or Locking MechanismsAny unit that folds
36、, or has a moveable panel, shall have a latching or locking device orother provision in the design that will prevent the unit from unintentionally folding when properly placed in the manufacturersrecommended use position. The unit shall remain in its manufacturers recommended use position during and
37、 upon completion ofthe test, described at 7.1. If a unit is designed with a latching or locking device in order to prevent folding or to keep the unit inthe closed position, that device shall remain engaged and operative after testing.5.5.1 Foot Pedal MechanismsThe gate shall remain locked/latched a
38、nd in the manufacturers recommended use positionduring and upon completion of the test described in 7.2.5.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) thickand admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.37
39、5-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that are between0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are limited in depth to0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 1). The product shall be eva
40、luated in allmanufacturers recommended positions.5.6.1 Openings through multiple wall sections and openings created by multiple wall sections must meet the size requirementsin 5.6 if the total thickness of the combined wall sections and any air gap between the wall sections is less than 0.375 in. (9
41、.53mm).5.7 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring, which is accessible to the occupant having or capable of generating a spacebetween coils of 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) or greater during static load testing in accordance with 7.1 shall be covered or otherwisedesigned to prevent injury from entrapment
42、.5.8 Scissoring, Shearing, and PinchingThe gate/expandable enclosure when in the manufacturers recommended useposition(s) shall be designed and constructed to prevent injury to the child from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching whenmembers or components rotate about a common axis or fastening poin
43、t, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to oneanother. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury shall not be permissible when the edges of any rigid parts admita probe greater than 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) diameter at any accessible point through
44、 the range ofmotion of such parts.5.9 Labeling:F1004 1635.9.1 Warning labels (whether paper or nonpaper) shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.6.1 7.6.3.5.9.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood burning,etc.
45、, shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.6.4.5.9.3 Nonpaper labels shall not liberate small parts when tested in accordance with 7.6.5.5.10 Push-Out Test:5.10.1 All gates shall be tested in accordance with 7.7. At each test location, the average push-out force shall be a minimumof 10 lb
46、f (45 N).5.10.2 Gates that are marketed as being usable at the top of stairs shall be tested in accordance with 7.7. At each test location,the average push-out force shall exceed 30 lbf (133 N). In addition, each individual force shall exceed 20 lbf (89 N). Gates thatdo not meet the test requirement
47、s in this section shall bear the warning in 8.5.5 that they shall not be used at the top of stairs.5.11 The paint and surface coating on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.5.12 Locking DeviceEvery device provided to prevent the unlocking or unlatching of a product from the manufacturersrecomm
48、ended use position(s) shall meet either 5.12.1 or 5.12.2.5.12.1 Each single-action locking or latching device shall require a minimum force of 10 lbf (45 N) to activate the releasemechanism when tested in accordance with 7.8.5.12.2 The locking or latching device shall be a double-action release mech
49、anism. There are no force requirements fordouble-action locking or latching devices.FIG. 1 OpeningsF1004 1646. Performance Requirements6.1 The following performance requirements apply to gates and enclosures when they are erected or installed in any of themanufacturers recommended use positions.6.1.1 Completely-Bounded OpeningsOpenings shall not permit the passage of the Small Torso Template A (see Fig. 2) whentested in accordance with 7.36.1.2 Height of SidesThe vertical distance from the floor to the lowest point of the
