1、Designation: F 1060 05Standard Test Method forThermal Protective Performance of Materials for ProtectiveClothing for Hot Surface Contact1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to measure the thermal insula-tion of materials used in protective
3、 clothing when exposed fora short period of time to a hot surface with a temperature up to600F (316C).1.2 This test method is applicable to materials used in theconstruction of protective clothing, including, but not limitedto: woven fabrics, knit fabrics, battings, sheet structures, andmaterial com
4、posites, intended for use as clothing for protectionagainst exposure to hot surfaces.1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describethe properties of materials, products, or assemblies in responseto heat under controlled laboratory conditions and should notbe used to describe or appraise
5、 the thermal hazard or fire riskof materials, products, or assemblies under actual exposureconditions.1.4 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are given for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concern
6、s, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 17
7、76 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 4391 Terminology Relating to the Burning Behavior ofTextilesF 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsIn testing thermal protection clothing ma-terial, the response to hot surface contact is indicated by thefollo
8、wing descriptive terms:3.1.1 charringthe formation of a carbonaceous residue asthe result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.2 embrittlementthe formation of a brittle residue as aresult of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.3 heat fluxthe thermal intensity indicated by theamount of energy
9、 transmitted per unit area and per unit time(cal/cm2s) (watts/cm2).3.1.4 human tissue heat tolerancein the testing of thermalprotective materials, the amount of thermal energy predicted tocause a pain sensation or a second degree burn in human tissue.3.1.5 ignitionthe initiation and continuation of
10、combus-tion.3.1.6 meltinga response evidenced by softening of thematerial, resulting in a nonreversible change.3.1.7 shrinkagea response evidenced by reduction inspecimen size.3.1.8 stickinga response evidenced by softening and ad-herence of the material to the hot surface or other material.3.1.9 th
11、ermal end pointin the testing of thermal protectivematerials, the point at which the sensor response on therecorder chart intersects the human tissue burn tolerancecriteria overlay.3.2 For all terminology related to protective clothing, seeTerminology F 1494.3.3 For definitions of other textile term
12、s used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method measures the performance of insulativematerials. A material is placed in contact with a standard hotsurface. The amount of heat transmitted by the material is1This test method is under the jurisdictio
13、n of ASTM Committee F23 onProtective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.80 onFlame and Thermal.Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approvedin 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 1060 - 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi
14、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
15、59, United Spared with the human tissue tolerance and the obviouseffects of the heat on the material are noted.4.2 The temperature of the hot surface is measured/controlled with a thermocouple and the heat transmitted by thetest specimen is measured with a copper calorimeter. Thecalorimeter temperat
16、ure increase is a direct measure of the heatenergy received.4.3 A contact pressure of 3kPa (0.5 psi) is used to comparematerial performance under controlled conditions. If a differentpressure is chosen to represent a specific use condition, whereit is used should be noted under test conditions (13.1
17、.2.3).4.4 The material performance is determined from theamount of heat transferred by the specimen and the observedeffect of the heat exposure on the specimen. The thermalprotection is the exposure time required to cause the accumu-lated heat received by the sensor to equal the heat that willresult
18、 in a pain sensation (see Table 1) or cause a second degreeburn in human tissue (see Table 2), as predicted from compari-son of heat transfer data with human tissue heat tolerancecurves (see Table 1 and Table 2).5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method rates materials intended for use asprotectiv
19、e clothing against exposure to hot surfaces, for theirthermal insulating properties and their reaction to the testconditions.5.2 The thermal protection time as determined by this testmethod relates to the actual end-use performance only to thedegree that the end-use exposure is identical to the expo
20、sureused in this test method; that is, the hot surface test temperatureis the same as the actual end-use temperature and the testpressure is the same as the end-use pressure.5.2.1 Higher pressures, beyond the 3 kPa (0.5 psi) pressureprovided by the calorimeter assembly in this test method shallbe pe
21、rmitted to be used in this test method to simulate theconditions of protective clothing use.5.3 The procedure maintains the specimen in a static,horizontal position under a standard pressure and does notinvolve movement.5.4 One of the intended applications for this test method iscomparing the relati
22、ve performance of different materials.5.5 This test method is limited to short exposure because themodel used to predict burn injury is limited to predictions oftime-to-burn for up to 30 seconds, and predictions of time-to-pain for up to 50 seconds. The use of this test method for longerhot surface
23、exposures requires a different model for determin-ing burn injury or a different basis for reporting test results.6. Apparatus6.1 General ArrangementThe arrangement of the indi-vidual components of the test apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.6.1.1 Alternatively, transmit temperature output readings toa da
24、ta acquisition unit, then computer process to obtain the testresult.6.2 Hot PlateShall have a flat heated surface with thesmallest dimension, a minimum of at least 200 mm (8 in.) andhave the ability to achieve a temperature of at least 371C(700F) and to permit temperature control within 2.8C(65F).6.
25、3 Surface plate The flat plate shall be 6.4 mm (14 in.)thick, 140 by 140 mm (5.5 by 5.5 in.) wide, with a 2.4 mm (332in.) hole drilled from the edge to the center of the plate (Fig. 2).Use either electrolytic copper or T-1100 aluminum surfaceplates. The surface plate must be flat, smooth, and free f
26、rompits and cavities. (Flatness is indicated by negligible lightpassing between a straight edge and the plate surface.) Loss ofthe original mill finish (as judged with the naked eye) orwarping, or both, may result in failure to achieve calibrationwith the reference standard.6.4 SensorA copper calori
27、meter mounted in an insulatingblock with added weight and constructed as shown in Figs. 3and 4 with the standard characteristics listed below. Thefollowing equations permit the determination of the totalincident heat energy from the copper calorimeter:q 5mass 3 Cp3 Tempfinal2 Tempinitial!area 3 time
28、final2 timeinitial!(1)where:q = heat flux (cal/cm2s),mass = mass of the copper disk/slug (g),Cp= heat capacity of copper (0.09426 cal/gC at100C),tempfinal= final temperature of copper disk/slug attimefinal(C),tempinitial= initial temperature of copper disk/slug attimeinitial(C),area = area of the ex
29、posed copper disk/slug (cm2),timefinal= ending time (s), andtimeinitial= starting time (s).For a copper disk/slug that has a mass of 18.0 g and exposedarea of 12.57 cm2, the determination of heat flux reduces to:TABLE 1 Human Tissue Tolerance to Pain SensationExposureTimeHeat Flux Total Heat Calorim
30、eter Equivalentcal/cm2sec W/cm2cal/cm2s W sec/cm2DT, F DT, C DmV1.0 0.640 2.70 0.640 2.70 8.53 4.74 0.2501.5 0.475 2.00 0.713 3.00 9.51 5.28 0.2752.0 0.385 1.61 0.770 3.22 10.27 5.71 0.2933.0 0.280 1.17 0.840 3.51 11.20 6.22 0.3225.0 0.195 0.82 0.975 4.08 13.00 7.22 0.3757.0 0.155 0.65 1.085 4.54 14
31、.47 8.04 0.42010.0 0.118 0.49 1.180 4.94 15.73 8.74 0.45820.0 0.076 0.32 1.520 6.36 20.27 11.26 0.58230.0 0.060 0.25 1.800 7.53 24.00 13.33 0.69050.0 0.060 0.25 3.000 12.55 40.00 22.22 1.150F1060052q 50.135 3 Tempfinal2 Tempinitial!timefinal2 timeinitial!(2)If you use a copper disk/slug with a diffe
32、rent mass, or exposedarea, or both, the constant factor should be adjusted corre-spondingly. Also note that a different mass/surface area sensorwill give different rates of temperature change to incident heatenergy so the calculations made later will need to note this andmake appropriate changes to
33、correct (for example, see 10.3,12.1.2, 13.1.3.1). The calorimeter must fit securely in theinsulating block and its surface must be flush with the face ofthe insulating block. (WarningSurface variations may resultin failure to achieve calibration with the reference standard.)6.5 Calibration SpecimenS
34、ix new, not previously testedsheets of ordinary newspaper with total thickness of 0.53 60.05 mm (0.021 6 0.002 in.).6.6 RecorderAny strip chart recorder with full-scale de-flection of at least 150C (300F) or 10 mV and sufficientTABLE 2 Human TissueATolerance to Second Degree BurnExposureTime, sHeat
35、Flux Total Heat CalorimeterBEquivalent,DmVcal/cm2s W/cm2cal/cm2s W/cm2DT, F DT, C(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)1 1.2 5.0 1.20 5.0 16.0 8.9 0.462 0.73 3.1 1.46 6.1 19.5 10.8 0.573 0.55 2.3 1.65 6.9 22.0 12.2 0.634 0.45 1.9 1.80 7.5 24.0 13.3 0.695 0.38 1.6 1.90 8.0 25.3 14.1 0.726 0.34 1.4 2.04 8.5
36、27.2 15.1 0.787 0.30 1.3 2.10 8.8 28.0 15.5 0.808 0.274 1.15 2.19 9.2 29.2 16.2 0.839 0.252 1.06 2.27 9.5 30.2 16.8 0.8610 0.233 0.98 2.33 9.8 31.1 17.3 0.8911 0.219 0.92 2.41 10.1 32.1 17.8 0.9212 0.205 0.86 2.46 10.3 32.8 18.2 0.9413 0.194 0.81 2.52 10.6 33.6 18.7 0.9714 0.184 0.77 2.58 10.8 34.3
37、19.1 0.9915 0.177 0.74 2.66 11.1 35.4 19.7 1.0216 0.168 0.70 2.69 11.3 35.8 19.8 1.0317 0.160 0.67 2.72 11.4 36.3 20.2 1.0418 0.154 0.64 2.77 11.6 37.0 20.6 1.0619 0.148 0.62 2.81 11.8 37.5 20.8 1.0820 0.143 0.60 2.86 12.0 38.1 21.1 1.1025 0.122 0.51 3.05 12.8 40.7 22.6 1.1730 0.107 0.45 3.21 13.4 4
38、2.8 23.8 1.23AStoll, A. M. and Chianta, M. A., “Method and Rating System for Evaluations of Thermal Protection,” Aerospace Medicine, Vol 40, 1969, pp. 12321238 and Stoll, A.M. and Chianta, M. A., Heat Transfer through Fabrics as Related to Thermal Injury, “Transaction-New York Academy of Sciences,”
39、Vol 33 (7), Nov. 1971, pp 649670.BA calorimeter with an iron/constantan thermocouple.FIG. 1 Thermal Protective Performance Apparatus, Hot SurfaceContactMaterial: Electrolytic Copper or T-1100 aluminumFIG. 2 Surface PlateF1060053sensitivity and scale divisions to read sensor response to 1C(62F) or 60
40、.05 mV. A chart speed to read exposure time to60.1 s is required, 13 mm/s (0.5 in./s) is satisfactory.7. Hazards7.1 Perform the test in a hood or a ventilated area to carryaway degradation products, smoke, and fumes. Exercise care toprevent contact with hot surfaces. Use protective gloves whenhandli
41、ng hot objects. Have an appropriate portable fire extin-guisher nearby.8. Sampling8.1 Lot SizeFor acceptance sampling purposes, a lot isdefined as a single shipment of a single style of fabric. A lotconstitutes all or part of a single customer order.8.2 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testi
42、ng,take at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.8.3 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample, take fromthe outside of each roll in the lot sample a full width swatch offabric1m(1yd)long after disc
43、arding a full width length of atleast1m(1yd)from the very outside of each roll.9. Specimen Preparation9.1 Cut and identify five test specimens from each swatch inthe laboratory sample. Make each test specimen 100 by 150 62mm(4by66116 in.) with two of the sides of the specimenparallel with the warp y
44、arns in woven fabric samples, with thewales in knit fabric samples, or with the length of the fabric inbatts or sheet structure. Do not cut samples closer than 2 % ofthe fabric width from the selvage. Cut specimens from adiagonal zone across the sample swatch so as to get asrepresentative a sample o
45、f all yarns present as practical.9.2 Alternatively cut test specimens from a finished gar-ment. Cut specimens using the orientation indicated in 9.1. Testspecimen shall not include any seam.9.3 Bring the specimens to a controlled moisture content bypreconditioning in a 48.9C (120F) oven for 4 h and
46、thenexposing to a standard atmosphere for testing textiles, that is,in air maintained at a relative humidity of 65 6 2 % and at atemperature of 21 6 1C (70 6 2F) for at least 4 h. See theportion of the Definitions Section of Practice D 1776 contain-ing the definitions for “standard atmosphere for pr
47、econdition-ing textiles” and for “standard atmosphere for testing textiles.”10. Calibration and Standardization10.1 ApparatusCenter the surface plate on the hot plateand place a thermocouple in the thermocouple (T/C) well of thesurface plate to measure exposure temperature.10.2 Test Exposure Adjust
48、control to the hot plate toobtain desired temperature. Allow temperature to stabilize towithin 2.8C (65F) of the desired test temperature as indi-cated by three successive readings taken at least 5 min apart.10.3 Reference StandardSix new sheets of ordinary news-paper3conditioned as specified in 9.3
49、 are the calibrationspecimen used as a reference standard. When the referencestandard is used with a plate temperature of 200 6 3C(392 6 5F), correct operation of the apparatus and dataanalysis are indicated with the results of Time to Pain =1.0 6 0.2 s and Time to Burn = 3.0 6 0.3 s.10.4 Sensor Care:10.4.1 Initial TemperatureCool the sensor after exposurewith a jet of air or by contact with a cold surface. Reheat thesensor to approximate body temperature by contact with thepalm of hand just prior to positioning o
