1、Designation: F 1148 05Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification forHome Playground Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1148; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification provides safety re-quirements for various types of home playground equipmentintended for us
3、e by children aged from over eighteen monthsthrough 10 years. It further provides such requirements forswings intended specifically for toddlers. Different age limitsfor various requirements are found in this specification. Theselimits reflect the nature of the hazards and the expected mentalor phys
4、ical ability, or both, of the child to cope with thehazards.1.2 Home playground equipment is defined as any productin which the support structure remains stationary while theactivity is taking place and is intended for a child to performany of the following activities: climbing, swinging, sliding,ro
5、cking, spinning, crawling, or creeping, or combinationthereof. Fitness equipment is specifically excluded unlessattached to the play equipment. This specification is notintended to apply to juvenile care products such as, but notlimited to, infant swings, playpens/enclosures, beds, or furni-ture (in
6、cluding outdoor furniture, such as picnic tables, cradlerockers, activity centers being used as walker substitutes,bouncers, jumpers, infant carriers, and products specificallydesigned for therapeutic use). This specification is not intendedto apply to equipment to be used in places of public assemb
7、lysuch as schools, nurseries, day-care centers, and parks. Equip-ment intended to be in child-care centers in private homes isnot exempt from the requirements of this specification. Suchcenters are defined as situations in which the child-careprovider does not care for more than six children under t
8、he ageof ten that are not residing in the household of the caregiver,and the total number of children under the age of ten does notexceed ten, including the caregivers own children. Electricallyoperated constant air inflatable devices are exempted from therequirements of this specification.1.3 Metho
9、ds of identifying products that comply with thisconsumer safety specification are given. The illustrations ofhome playground equipment shown in Figs. A1.1-A1.4 are forinformational purposes only and are not intended to limit orendorse certain types of playground equipment or equipmentfeatures. These
10、 illustrations are not intended to limit the varietyor various combinations of equipment that are covered by thisconsumer safety specification.1.4 The purpose of this specification is to reduce thelikelihood of life-threatening or debilitating injuries.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are t
11、o be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 If toy accessories or toy chests are attached to homeplayground equipment, they are applicable to this consumersafety specification and to any other applicable safety stan-dards.NOTE 1See Annex A1 for figures r
12、eferenced throughout this con-sumer safety performance specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardness2.2 Federal Standards:16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint316 CFR 1500
13、 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, in-cluding sections:31500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a SharpPoint in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under 8 Years of Age1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a SharpMetal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other Articles Inte
14、ndedfor Use by Children Under 8 Years of Age1500.52 and .53 Test Methods for Simulating Use andAbuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under 3 Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or
15、IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts31This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.09 onHome Playground Equipment.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 19
16、88. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 1148 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Avai
17、lable from Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC20207.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 21842.3 Society for Automotive Engineers Recommended Prac-tice:5SAE J211 Ins
18、trumentation for Barrier Collision3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 anchorsaccessories used to minimize possible tip-ping of the playground equipment, or lifting of the supportlegs.3.1.2 continuous surfacea surface smooth to the extentthat no hazard such as a cat
19、ch point for clothing or sharpedge/sharp point is created.3.1.3 edge, sharp6an edge that can cut a childs skinduring use of the playground equipment. Such an edge isjudged as sharp pursuant to the provisions of 16 CFR Section1500.49.3.1.4 guardraila guardrail is a device around an elevatedsurface th
20、at is intended to prevent inadvertent falls from theelevated surface.3.1.5 hand grasping componenta component intended tobe grasped by the hand to steady a user (such as a handrail).3.1.6 hand gripping componenta component intended tobe gripped by the hand to support the full body weight (such asa r
21、ung of a horizontal ladder or trapeze bar).3.1.7 handrailthe structural member that helps a childsteady himself. As used in this consumer safety performancespecification, a handrail is the structural member at the top ofa slide that helps a child steady himself while he sits down (seeFig. A1.1).3.1.
22、8 platformany elevated horizontal surface intended tobe used by children as a place for play or as a transitionbetween components. Slide transition areas 200 in.2are notconsidered platforms.3.1.9 point, sharp7a point that can puncture or lacerate achilds skin during use of the playground equipment.
23、Such apoint is judged as potentially sharp pursuant to the provisionsof 16 CFR Section 1500.48.3.1.10 protective barrieran enclosure around an elevatedsurface that is intended to prevent both inadvertent anddeliberate attempts to pass through the device.3.1.11 runga cross-piece in a ladder or other
24、climbingequipment used for supporting the users feet or grasping bythe users hands, or both. A rung must comply with 4.6 forhand-gripping components.3.1.12 small parta component that may become detachedduring use of the playground equipment and presents achoking, aspiration, or ingestion hazard to a
25、 child. Such acomponent is determined to be a hazard pursuant to theprovisions of 16 CFR Part 1501.3.1.13 toddler swinga fully enclosed single occupantswing intended for young children who can sit upright unaided.A seat is considered fully enclosed when a containment systemis employed that supports
26、the child on all sides and in betweenthe legs (see Fig. A1.33).3.1.14 toy accessoryan article that provides certain playvalue separate from, but attached to or sold with, homeplayground equipment intended for play-time use by a child.Such articles include miniature imitations for play use ofobjects
27、intended primarily for a specific purpose (for example,a toy telephone or a toy gas pump).3.1.15 turnbarthe horizontal bar between the supportinglegs of a swing set, such as the one shown in Fig. A1.1.4. Performance Requirements4.1 GeneralHome playground equipment shall be manu-factured and construc
28、ted only of materials that have a demon-strated durability in an outdoor setting.Any new materials shallbe documented or tested accordingly for durability by theplayground equipment manufacturer or their agent.4.1.1 Metals subject to structural degradation such as by rustor corrosion shall be painte
29、d, galvanized, or otherwise treated.Woods shall be naturally rot- and insect-resistant or treated toavoid such deterioration. Creosote, pentachlorophenol, tributyltin oxide, and surface coatings that contain pesticides shall notbe used for playground equipment. Wood treaters and play-ground equipmen
30、t manufacturers shall practice technologiesand procedures that minimize the level of dislodgeable toxin.Plastics and other materials that experience ultraviolet (UV)degradation shall be stabilized against ultraviolet light.4.1.2 Regardless of the material or the treatment process,the manufacturer sh
31、all ensure that the users of the playgroundequipment cannot ingest, inhale, or absorb any potentialhazardous amounts of substances through body surfaces as aresult of contact with the equipment.4.1.3 Lead in PaintAll paints and finishes used on play-ground equipment shall be in accordance with Title
32、 16 CFRPart 1303.4.1.4 Edges, Points, and SurfacesFollowing assembly ofthe unit in accordance with the instructions to be provided tothe consumer, there shall be no sharp edges, points, or surfaceson any portion of the home playground equipment capable ofinflicting a cut on a child.4.1.5 Open Tubing
33、All open tubing ends that are notresting on the ground, or otherwise covered, shall be providedwith caps or plugs that have a smooth finish and are tight-fitting. They shall be subjected to a torque of 4 lbf-in. (0.45N-m) and a force of 15-lbf (67-N) when tested in accordancewith Title 16 CFR Sectio
34、n 1500.53(e and f).4.1.6 Pinch, Crush, and Shear Points There shall be nopinch, crush, or shear points caused by junctures of twocomponents moving relative to one another that could cause acontusion, laceration, abrasion, amputation, or fracture. Apinch, crush, or shear point is any point that allow
35、s a316 in. (54Available from National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 400 7th St.SW, Washington, DC 20590.5Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 CommonwealthDrive, Warrendale, PA 15096.6A sharp edge tester suitable for conducting tests in accordance with the Federalregulatio
36、n at 16 CFR Section 1500.49 is available from U.S. Testing Co., Inc., 1415Park Avenue, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Engineering drawings from which a sharp edgetester may be fabricated are available from the Office of the Secretary, ConsumerProduct Safety Commission, Washington, DC 20207.7A sharp point tester
37、 for conducting tests in accordance with the Federalregulation at 16 CFR Section 1500.48 is available from U.S. Testing Co., Inc., 1415Park Avenue, Hoboken, NJ 07030. An engineering drawing from which a sharppoint tester may be fabricated is available from the Office of the Secretary,Consumer Produc
38、ts Safety Commission, Washington, DC 20207.F1148052mm) diameter neoprene rod to enter at one or more positionsand entraps at one or more positions a12-in. (13-mm) diameterneoprene rod. Entrapment shall mean that a force of more than2 lbf (9 N) is required to pull out the rod. The neoprene rodsshall
39、have a hardness reading between 50 and 60 as determinedby a Type A durometer in accordance with Test MethodD 2240.4.1.7 Acute AnglesThere shall be no acute angles, orgroup of acute angles, formed by two or more members inwhich the legs point upward from the apex so that theconfiguration approximates
40、 a “V” with an interior angle lessthan 55 (0.96 rad).4.1.7.1 Exemptions to 4.1.7:(1) Inverted Angle or “V” ConditionThose “Vs” thatare inverted. A “V” is considered inverted if the lower adjacentleg forming the “V” is horizontal or slopes downward from theapex (see Fig. A1.5).(2) Filled Apex Conditi
41、on“V” angles less than 55 wherethe apex of the angle is filled to the point that will not allow thehead probe to contact both surfaces of the angle simultaneously(see Fig. A1.5). The angle shall be covered with a shield that ismade of a rigid material. The shield shall be capable ofwithstanding impa
42、ct of at least 20 ftlbf (27 J) imparted to aspot within 1 in. (25 mm) of the geometric center of the shieldby a 5-in. (127-mm) diameter steel ball. The shield shall betested while secured to the members of the playgroundequipment by the hardware provided. During the test, theequipment or portions th
43、ereof, if required, shall be oriented sothat the surface of the shield is horizontal.(3) Rope, Chain and Cable“V” angles less than 55where the apex of the angle is formed by an inclined or verticalclimbing surface and a rope, chain or cable. To be exempt, thepoint of the formed “V” angle must be no
44、greater than 1.5 in.(38 mm) above the protective surfacing. See Fig. A1.6.4.1.8 Spacing Between Adjacent Swing Elements:4.1.8.1 Swing sets containing adjacent swing elements shallbe designed so that there is a minimum of 8 in. (205 mm)separating elements that are capable of limited lateral motion(wh
45、ere two or more chains, ropes, or poles are used forsuspension). The outermost lateral extremities of the swingingelements shall govern the measurement of separation; anexample is illustrated by Dimension A in Fig. A1.7 and Fig.A1.8.4.1.8.2 Swing elements that are capable of unlimited lateralmotion
46、shall be provided with a minimum separation of 15 in.(380 mm) from other swinging elements. There shall be aminimum separation of 15 in. (381 mm) between the outermostextremity of the swinging element and the support structure, asmeasured in a vertical plane from the outermost extremity fromthe top
47、bar to the protective surface (see Fig. A1.8).4.1.8.3 Lateral Stability of Swing ElementsAll to-froswings, belt type or rigid, shall have a minimum distancebetween suspension points as caculated from the followingformula:A 5 0.04H! 1 B (1)where:A = the center to center distance between uppermost sus
48、-pension points of the swing assembly,B = the center to center distance between the swing seatattachment points (in the case of flexible seats, placethe weighted test fixture as described in Fig. A1.9 inthe seat before measuring dimension B), andH = the distance between the uppermost suspension poin
49、tand the protective surfacing.4.1.9 Spacing Between Swing Elements and StationaryFrame Members:4.1.9.1 Occupant EnclosedElements with two or morelaterally spaced supports where supports are on both sides ofthe occupant (for example, suspended chain or rope swings andtubularly suspended lawn swings). Minimum spacing betweenthe outer extremity of the swing element and stationarymembers shall be 7 in. (180 mm) when measured at a height of28 in. (710 mm) above the seating surface (see Dimension C inFig. A1.7 and Fig. A1.8).NOTE 2Twenty-eight inche
