1、Designation: F1154 11F1154 18Standard Practices forQualitatively Evaluating the Comfort, Fit, Function, andDurability of Protective Ensembles andEnsembleEnsembles, Ensemble Elements, and OtherComponents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1154; the number immediately following the d
2、esignation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWorkers involved in the pro
3、duction, use, storage, maintenance, and transportation of chemicals canbe exposed to numerous substances capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. Thedeleterious effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma, such as dermatitis or burns, tochronic degenerative disease, such
4、as cancer or pulmonary fibrosis. Since engineering controls maynot eliminate all possible exposures, attention is often given to reducing the potential for direct skincontact through the use of protective clothing that resists degradation, penetration, and permeation.Chemical-protective ensembles ra
5、nge from outfits of gloves, boots, and coveralls to totally-encapsulating ensembles employing self-contained or airline-supplied, breathing apparatus. Theensemble of chemical-protective clothing Protective clothing is generally used in combination withgloves, boots, a breathing apparatus, and other
6、auxiliary protective equipment can provide maximumprotection to wearers in situations when no contact with hazardous chemicals is permitted.Chemical-protective ensembles are often selected on the basis of material chemical resistance, butequally important are the comfort, fit, functionality, and ove
7、rall integrity of the ensemble allowing thewearer to safely carry out his or her assigned tasks. Few standards, if any, apply to the design andmanufacture of chemical-protective ensembles.Additionally, protective clothing designs vary depend-ing on different end use applications in industrial settin
8、gs, hazardous waste site clean up, andemergency response. As a consequence, users are faced with a variety of commercial products andgenerally depend on manufacturer sales information to decide which protective clothing is appropriatefor their own application. Other protective equipment such as glov
9、es, boots, respiratory protectiveequipment, other items to form an ensemble of clothing and equipment. Generally, as the risks forexposure to chemical, biological, thermal, physical, and other hazards increase, it becomesincreasingly important that the ensemble provide consistent and overall perform
10、ance in protecting thewearer. At the same time, the more encumbered the individual wearer, the more likely that ensemblescomprising multiple elements and components will impact the ability of the wearer to carry outdifferent tasks and remain comfortable without increased physiological stress, partic
11、ularly for clothingthat incorporates barrier layers. The majority of industry test methods address specific performanceattributes for protecting against specific types of hazards, but do not address particular designs orassess the impact of all elements and components forming the ensemble. These ele
12、ments maycomprise various types of protective clothing, ranging from partial body such as aprons and sleeveprotectors to fully encapsulating suits that also must be integrated with various types of respirators,gloves, footwear, head protection such as helmets, cooling devices, communications systems
13、, andcooling devices must also be selected and integrated with the chemical-protective clothing to providean ensemble with adequate protection. undergarments. Therefore, there is a need for methodology that1 These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clot
14、hing and Equipment and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.30 on Chemicals.Current edition approved July 1, 2011July 15, 2018. Published July 2011July 2018. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 asF1154 10.F1154 11. DOI: 10.1520/F1154-11.10.1520/F1154-1
15、8.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior e
16、ditions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1allows the assessment of how well ensembles af
17、fect wearer comfort and function, as well as providingfor evaluation of fit and any impact of wearing on the overall integrity intended for the ensemble.This standard is intended to provide standardized methods for qualitatively evaluating the comfort,fit, function, and durability of chemical-protec
18、tiveprotective ensembles and ensemble components. Itmay also be used by protective clothing manufacturers to assess current or proposed designs. Thisstandard has utility for a variety of applications, including chemical-protective ensembles, ensemblesused in various healthcare settings or against ot
19、her types of biological hazards, and different ensemblesthat may include some form of barrier layer in their various elements or components.1. Scope1.1 These practices are intended for evaluating chemical-protectiveprotective ensembles and ensemble componentselements todetermine the suitability of t
20、he ensemble or ensemble components in a work environment on the basis of its comfort, fit, function,and durability.1.1.1 Option A is a manned exercise scenario intended to test the strength and durability evaluate the impact of the ensemblecomponents.ensembles and ensemble elements on wearer mobilit
21、y when worn in a series of different physical exercises that areintended to evaluate the range of motion permitted by the ensemble or ensemble element.1.1.2 Option B is a manned work task scenario intended to determine human factor characteristics and the ability of the suitedtest subject to perform
22、 tasks that may be encountered on a routine basis in a typical work environment. impact of the ensembleor ensemble element on wearer function.1.1.3 Recording the length of time used to complete these tasks provides a means for quantifying the impact of the ensembleor ensemble element on the wearer f
23、unction.1.1.4 Relating the ability of the subject to completely perform all tasks provides a qualitative assessment for the impact of theensemble or ensemble element on wearer function.1.1.5 The optional evaluation of ensembles or ensemble elements for liquid or vapor integrity following the exercis
24、e protocolsprovides a basis for evaluating the impact of wearing on ensemble or ensemble element integrity.1.2 These practices apply to most chemical-protective protective ensembles and ensemble components.certain ensembleelements that are used for protection against different chemical, biological,
25、physical, thermal, and other hazards, but are primarilyuseful for ensembles that include barrier layers such as liquid splash-protective ensembles used for protection against hazardouschemicals or highly infectious diseases, or vapor-protective ensembles used for chemical protection.1.3 The values a
26、s stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish approp
27、riate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardi
28、zationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1052 Test Method for Pressure Testing Vapor Protect
29、ive SuitsF1359F1359/F1359M Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of Protective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under aShower Spray While on a MannequinManikinF1494 Terminology Relating to Protective ClothingF2668 Practice for Determining the Physiological Responses of the Wearer to Protecti
30、ve Clothing EnsemblesF3031 Practice for Range of Motion Evaluation of First Responders Protective Ensembles2.2 OSHA Specifications:329 CFR Part 1910.25 Portable Wood Ladders29 CFR Part 1910.26 Portable Metal Ladders3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Definitions:2 For re
31、ferencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The Code of Federal Regulations is available from the Superintenden
32、t of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20401.F1154 1823.1.1 chemical-protective suit ensemble, ensemble component, nthe combination of protective clothing with respiratoryprotective equipment, hoods, helmets, gloves, boots, communications systems, cooling devices, and other acces
33、sories intended toprotect the wearer from a chemical hazard when worn together.an item used as part of the protective ensemble that providesadditional protective or functional performance, but is not necessarily an item of protective clothing.3.1.1.1 DiscussionExamples of ensemble components are coo
34、ling devices, communications systems, fall protection harnesses, and undergarments.In cases where the respirator does not also provide skin protection, the respirator is also considered an ensemble component.3.1.2 degradation, nthe deleterious change in one or more properties of a material.3.1.3 haz
35、ardous chemicalany solid, liquid, gas, or mixture thereof that can potentially cause harm to the human body throughinhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption.3.1.2 penetration, ensemble element, nfor chemical protective clothing, the movement of substances through voids inprotective clothing material
36、s or item on a non-molecular level.an item of protective clothing used in the protective ensemble thatprovides direct protection of the individual.3.1.2.1 DiscussionVoids include gaps, pores, holes and imperfections in closures, seams, interfaces and protective clothing materials. Penetration doesno
37、t require a change of state; solid chemical move through voids in the material as solids, liquids as liquids and gases as gases.Penetration is a distinctly different mechanism from permeation. Examples of ensemble elements include full-body protectiveclothing such as coveralls, two-piece splash suit
38、s, surgical gowns, and encapsulating suits; and partial-body protective clothingsuch as aprons, smocks, laboratory coats, hoods, sleeve protectors, gloves, footwear, and respirators where the respirator facepiecefunctions to provide protection to the wearers face.3.1.3 permeation, liquid splash-prot
39、ective ensemble, nfor chemical protective clothing, the movement of chemicals asmolecules through protective clothing materials items by the processes of (protective ensemble used to protect the wearer fromliquid splashes 1) absorption of the chemical into the contact surface of the material, (2) di
40、ffusion of the absorbed moleculesthroughout the material, and (and other3) desorption of the chemical from the opposite surface of the material. forms of incidentalliquid contact.3.1.5.1 DiscussionPermeation is a distinctly different mechanism from penetration.3.1.4 protective clothing, nan item of
41、clothing that is specifically designed and constructed for the intended purpose ofisolating all or part of the body from a potential hazard;hazard, or, isolating the external environment from contamination by thewearer of the clothing.3.1.5 protective ensemble, nthe combination of ensemble elements
42、and ensemble components to protect the wearer from anexposure hazard when worn together.3.1.5.1 DiscussionIn these practices, the applicable protective ensemble is principally intended to provide protection from hazardous chemicals,highly infectious diseases, and other hazardous substances that requ
43、ire barrier layers in the protective clothing or ensembleelements. Examples of ensembles include liquid splash-protective ensembles and vapor-protective ensembles.3.1.6 vapor-protective ensemble, nprotective ensemble used to protect the wearer from exposure to chemical vapors andgases.3.2 For defini
44、tions of other protective clothing terms used in these practices, refer to Terminology F1494.4. Summary of Practices4.1 In Option A, the durability of the chemical-protective ensembles and ensemble components are evaluated by subjecting theprotective ensemble to a manned exercise scenario. The suit
45、is inspected prior to and after the series of exercises to assess anychanges in the garments integrity.4.1 In Option B, the function of the chemical-protective ensemble and ensemble components are evaluated by observing theability of a test subject to perform routine work tasks while wearing the pro
46、tective ensemble. As in Procedure A, the suit isinspected prior to and after the series of tasks to assess changes in the garments integrity. Two options are provided for evaluatingF1154 183the comfort, fit, function, and durability of protective ensembles and ensemble elements using a test subject.
47、 These options areperformed either separately or in combination.4.1.1 In Option A, the impact of the protective ensembles or ensemble elements on wearer mobility is evaluated by subjectingthe protective ensemble to a manned exercise scenario. The time for the test subject to complete all exercises i
48、s recorded. Theprotective ensemble, ensemble elements, and components are inspected prior to and after the series of exercises to assess damageor changes that may have occurred as a result of the exercises. The test subject qualitatively rates the ease of movement for eachof the exercises.4.1.2 In O
49、ption B, the function of the protective ensemble and ensemble components are evaluated by observing the ability ofa test subject to perform routine work tasks while wearing the protective ensemble. The time for the test subject to complete alltasks is recorded. As in Option A, the protective ensemble, ensemble elements, and components are inspected prior to and afterthe series of tasks to assess damages or changes that may have occurred as a result of the exercises, and the test subject qualitativelyrates the ease of performing each work task.4.1.3 Additional e
