1、Designation: F 1164 97 (Reapproved 2009)1Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Transparent Plastics Exposed to AcceleratedWeathering Combined with Biaxial Stress1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1164; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in June 2009.1. Scope1.1 This test
3、method covers the resistance of transparentplastics exposed to environmental conditioning (acceleratedweathering) under a biaxial stress state induced by a pressurecell/test fixture.1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to beregarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport
4、to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1003
5、Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsD 3359 Test Methods for MeasuringAdhesion by Tape TestG26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001)3G53 Practice for Operating L
6、ight-and Water-Exposure Ap-paratus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001)3G90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weath-ering of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natu-ral Sunlight3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method consis
7、ts of measuring and recordingthe haze and light transmittance of an unexposed circular platetest specimen; mounting the specimen in the test fixture;pressurizing the fixture to induce the desired biaxial stress inthe specimen; and exposing the stressed specimen to specificaccelerated weathering cond
8、itions. After conditioning, thespecimen is removed and haze/transmittance are measured todetermine any changes in value. Coating adhesion is measuredwhen applicable.3.2 The resistance of the plastic to stress-during-weatheringis determined by the onset of crazing, the change in haze andluminous tran
9、smittance, and adhesion of coating.4. Significance and Use4.1 The degradation of optical properties of transparentplastics is the single greatest cause for in-service removal andreplacement. Some optical qualities are inherent in the geom-etry, manufacturing process, and materials, and remain rela-t
10、ively unchanged after manufacture, while others are subject togradual change during exposure to the service environment.Factors having an influence on the crazing of transparentplastics include stress, ultraviolet (UV), moisture, and tempera-ture. Sufficient data has been generated to make it eviden
11、t thatreal-world conditioning must be experienced by developmentaltest specimens, as opposed to testing new unexposed materialto determine durability, prior to in-service usage. However, thelaboratory simulation of natural weathering, and especiallyaccelerated simulation, is imprecise and correlatio
12、n of resultsobtained for different plastics or from using different exposureapparatus should not be attempted until a valid database hasbeen generated for such cross-correlation.5. Apparatus5.1 Manifold Test FixtureAn exploded view of thepressure-cell/test-fixture used to induce a biaxial stress sta
13、te ina clamped specimen is illustrated in Fig. 1. The mounting plateand clamping ring for a 76.2-mm (30-in.) wide three-cell test1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 onAerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 onTransparent Enclosures
14、 and Materials.Current edition approved May 15, 2009. Published June 2009. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 1164 07(2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book o
15、f ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit
16、ed States.fixture are detailed in Fig. 2. A 254-mm (10-in.) wide single-cell fixture or a 508-mm (20-in.) wide double-cell fixture isalso acceptable.5.2 Accelerated Weathering Apparatus:5.2.1 Operating procedures for using water- or light-exposure apparatus, or both, employing a Xenon-arc lightsourc
17、e to simulate the deterioration caused by acceleratedweathering exposure, shall comply with Practice G26.5.2.2 Operating procedures for using fluorescent UV andcondensation apparatus to simulate the deterioration caused byaccelerated weathering exposure shall comply with PracticeG53.5.2.3 Operating
18、procedures for using Fresnel-reflecting con-centrators employing the sun as a source, with or without waterspray cycles, to simulate the deterioration caused by acceler-ated weathering exposure, shall comply with Practice G90.5.3 HazemeterThe Hazemeter shall conform to the re-quirements of Test Meth
19、od D 1003.6. Test Specimens6.1 Use at least three specimens for each material beingtested and for each specified exposure. The specimens shall beas follows: clean, transparent circular plates, 0.216 m (8.500in.) in diameter, having both sides substantially plane andparallel; specimen nominal thickne
20、ss being 0.00508 m (0.200in.).7. Conditioning7.1 Conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere.8. Procedure8.1 Code mark each specimen. Measure and record haze andtransmittance at the plate center prior to exposure.8.2 Circumferentially clamp specimens in the manifold testfixture using 2.825 J
21、 (25 in.-lb) bolt torque, and pressurize toinduce an outer surface (tensile) strain of 13.8 3 106(1-y)/Emetre/metre (2000 (1-y)/E inch/inch) in the center of theFIG. 1 Stress Weathering Test ApparatusFIG. 2 Detail Parts, Pressure Cell Test FixtureF 1164 97 (2009)12specimen (note that this strain cor
22、responds to a tensile stress of13.8 3 106Pa or 2000 psi), where y = Poissons ratio at roomtemperature and E = modulus of elasticity (Pa or psi) at roomtemperature for the test material. For coated material, the outertensile test/exposure side of each specimen shall be the coatedsurface.8.2.1 Using 5
23、.334 mm (0.210 in.) thick stretched acrylic,y = 0.35, and E = 3.10 3 109Pa (450 000 psi), a calibratedpressure of 80.0 3 103Pa (11.6 psi) induced an outer surfacestrain of 2.888 3 103m/m (2888 in./in.); being the equiva-lent of a 13.8 3 106Pa (2000 psi) stress level in the center ofthe test specimen
24、.8.2.2 Knowing y, the pressure required to induce a biaxialstress of 13.8 3 106Pa (2000 psi) in the center of a transparentspecimen of nominal 0.00508 m (0.200 in.) thickness may betheoretically calculated as follows:SI Units: M 513.8 3 106! t26(1)Inch2Pound Units: M 52000 t26(2)where:M = bending mo
25、ment at plate center (lb-in./in. or N-m/m)andt = plate thickness, in. or m.The desired pressure is as follows:P 516 Ma21 1y!(3)where: a = distance from plate center to clampededge = 0.0984 m (3.875 in.) orSI Units: P 51652 M1 1y(4)Inch2Pound Units: P 51.065 M1 1y(5)8.3 In accordance with the procedu
26、res in 5.2, condition thespecimens under stress for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 equivalent years ofaccelerated weathering. Using a fluorescent ultraviolet conden-sation test chamber with UV B-313 lamps, an operatingtemperature of 48.89C (120F), alternate cycles of 7 h UVfollowed by5hofcondensation, each equiv
27、alent year ofnatural weathering may be simulated by 168 h of run time.Using the Fresnel-reflector accelerated outdoor exposure testmachines, parameters to establish an equivalent year of real-time weathering shall comply with the guidelines presented inPractice G90.8.4 After each equivalent year of
28、conditioning under stress,measure haze and transmittance at the plate center in accor-dance with Test Method D 1003. The onset of crazing andseverity of crazing, including a description of the appearanceand location of crazing as detected by careful visual examina-tion aided by reflected light, shou
29、ld be noted.8.5 After each equivalent year of conditioning under stress,measure coating adhesion of coated material specimens usingTest Method BCross-Cut Tape Test of D 3359-93, TestMethods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test. Scribe no lessthan a 12-line grid pattern (approximately 25 completesquar
30、es) in the manner prescribed by D 3359. Apply a strip ofhigh tack masking tape,4on the scribed area and firmly pressinto the test area. Quickly pull (not jerk) the tape at a 180angle from the surface until the tape is completely removed.Examine the tape and test area for any coating removal. Ratethe
31、 adhesion according to Figure 1, Classification of AdhesionTest Results, as given in Test Method D 3359.NOTE 1Section 1.1 of Test Method D 3359 clearly states that the testmethod is “for assessing the adhesion of coating films to metallicsubstrates.” Test Method D 3359 is rather insensitive and is a
32、 qualitative43M No. 670 tape has been found satisfactory; also an equivalent may be used.FIG. 2 Detail Parts, Pressure Cell Test Fixture (continued)F 1164 97 (2009)13measure of low levels of adhesion. Since adhesion in polymeric systemshas significantly different characteristics than in metallic sys
33、tems, it ispossible that Test Method D 3359 may be an inappropriate choice forevaluating adhesion. At a minimum, it must be recognized that TestMethod D 3359, in the context of this application, is being used beyond itsscope. However, the technique of Tape Peel to evaluate coating adhesionis being u
34、tilized in the Aerospace Transparency community and TestMethod D 3359 gives the most complete description available to TapePeel procedures. Test Method D 3359 is referenced in this test method forprocedure only, recognizing that the Precision and Bias statements in TestMethod D 3359 do not apply to
35、this test method.8.6 Take safety precautions to depressurize the test fixtureprior to handling, removing, or changing specimens or servic-ing the conditioning apparatus, or a combination thereof.9. Report9.1 Include the data specified in 8.1, 8.4, and 8.5, and reportthe following:9.1.1 Acomplete ide
36、ntification of the material tested includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code, form, thickness, andprevious history.9.1.2 Designation of exposure device; UV/condensationcycle time and temperature, total exposure time, and dates ofexposure.9.1.3 Description ofTape used forAdhesionTesting, includ-ing
37、 manufacturing and part number.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Haze and TransmittanceThe precision and bias ofhaze and transmittance measurements are as given in TestMethod D 1003.10.2 CrazingThe precision and bias of craze detectionhave not been determined, since only qualitative informationon crazing r
38、esults from this procedure.10.3 Tape PeelAttempts to develop a precision statementfor the tape peel portion of this test method have not beensuccessful. For this reason, data on precision of the tape peelmeasurement cannot be given. Because this portion of the testmethod does not contain a numerical
39、 precision statement, thisportion shall not be used as a referee test method in case ofdispute. Anyone wishing to participate in the development ofprecision and bias data should contact the Chairman, Subcom-mittee F07.08, ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Consho-hocken, PA, 19428-2959.10.4 BiasNo re
40、cognized test standards exist by which toestimate bias of this Test Method.11. Keywords11.1 accelerated weathering; biaxial stress; coating adhe-sion; crazing; transparent plasticsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item m
41、entionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committ
42、ee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meet
43、ing of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
44、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1164 97 (2009)14
