1、Designation: F1175 88 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forUsing the Computer Impact Print-Out Unit as a TestInstrument for Manifold Comparison1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a standardized procedure utilizingthe computer impact print-out
3、unit as an imaging device wherethe performance properties of carbonless paper, carbon paper,and similar image-producing products are measured. Theprinter can be either a high speed printer connected to amainframe computer or a printer connected to a personal ormini-computer.1.2 The values stated in
4、inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI values in parentheses are given forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safe
5、ty and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product3D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Product
6、sfor Testing3F221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and InkedRibbon Products and Images Made TherefromF549 Terminology Relating to Carbonless Copy ProductsF909 Terminology Relating to Printers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer toTerminology F
7、221, F549, and F909.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 continuous envelopesproduct for tests, producedwith control punched margins so that they can be used onequipment with pinfeed platens. A horizontal perforation (be-tween set perf) allows the forms to be folded, and subseque
8、ntlyseparated into individual envelopes (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice consists of using a computer print-out unitunder specified conditions to prepare images which are used toevaluate carbon paper, carbonless paper and other types ofmanifold sets on a comparative ba
9、sis.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is intended to provide a means of evalu-ating comparative image quality relative to carbonless paper,carbon paper, and similar image-producing products.6. Interferences6.1 Some printers vary in their impact pressure and printingspeed. Comparison tests mus
10、t be run on the same printer andprogram or portion of program for each part of the test. Somesmaller printers will not be able to image multiple set forms.6.2 Caliper variations between test manifold sets can affectimage intensity and sharpness. If possible, measure caliper ofmanifold sets and set p
11、rinter adjustments accordingly. Differentcaliper settings should be used when running a four-part asopposed to a six-part set. All similar multiple part sets shouldbe gaged and printed in the same run. Record caliper andprinter adjustment data.NOTE 1Some printers (for example, the IBM Model 3211) au
12、tomati-cally establish the printing pressure by means of a “forms thicknesssensor button. See 13.1.1 to ensure that the test manifold set is properlypositioned for evaluation.6.3 Fluctuations of temperature and humidity will affect thepaper used for image reception. Tests run on different dayscould
13、show variations in results. All tests should be dated andtemperature and relative humidity data recorded. Control setsshould be included in all runs.6.4 Carbonless copy products image intensity developmentmay vary with time depending on manufacture. Comparisontests, therefore, must include a control
14、 from the same manu-facturer printed in the same run.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.06 onCarbonless and Thermal Imaging Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published March 201
15、2. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F117588 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/F1175-88R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
16、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.5 Image performance is a function of
17、 the number of plies,basis weight and type of paper used in the manifold sets. Formsets with differences in caliper would be expected to yielddifferences in image performance.7. Apparatus7.1 Printer, to be used to prepare images; a computer impactprinter in normal use and adjusted to the manufacture
18、rsspecifications.8. Materials8.1 Use 15# (17 in. by 22 in. (500 sheets) (56.4 g/m2)single-ply continuous computer stock tab forms bond (standardsize 11 by 1478 in. (279.4 by 377.8 mm) or continuous formstest envelopes.8.2 Test and control manifold sets cut to 812 by 9 in. (216 by229 mm) or alternati
19、ve convenient size, grain long. Sets mustcontain the same number of parts. Four or six-part sets aretypically employed in tests.8.3 Transparent Adhesive Tape12 in. recommended butwider tape can be employed.9. Sampling9.1 Sample the carbonless paper, carbon paper, or othermaterials to be tested in ac
20、cordance with Practice D585.10. Preparation of Apparatus10.1 Using manifold set caliper data, adjust the printer to theproper caliper setting and record this setting.11. Standardization11.1 Establish a print-out test program utilizing both char-acters and numerals. It is preferable to print at six l
21、ines/in. anddouble space. This test program is to be printed on all manifoldsets to establish a comparison standard.FIG. 1 Manifold Set PositionFIG. 2 Envelopes for Imaging TestsF1175 88 (2011)212. Conditioning12.1 Testing shall be conducted in an environment withstable conditions of temperature and
22、 relative humidity. It issuggested that test material (manifold sets) be conditioned for24 h in the area in which testing will be conducted. If available,standard conditions of 50.0 6 2.0 % relative humidity and 23.06 1.0C should be used (see Practice D685). If other condi-tions are used, record the
23、 temperature and percent relativehumidity.13. Procedure for Preparing Image13.1 Assemble the test and control manifold sets. Onceassembled, check the sets by making a small mark on one edgeto verify that each sheet has been properly inserted. For carbonsets check that each carbon is facing the corre
24、ct way and thatthe proper number of carbons have been used. For carbonlesssets check that a “coated back” (CB) is in the first position anda “coated front” (CF) is in the last with the internal sheets allbeing “coated front and back” (CFB). Check that each sheethas been inserted with CF facing up an
25、d CB down. Prepare thetest manifold samples by one of the following two methods.For both methods, arrange the manifold sets such that themachine direction of the grain feeds in the direction of travelthrough the computer impact printer. All dimensions stated areapproximate and should be used as a gu
26、ide.NOTE 2The carrier sheet tape-on method would be expected to givepoorer imaging results since the forms set has a higher overall caliper. Inthe continuous envelope method a window is cut behind the test set.13.1.1 Carrier Sheet Tape-On MethodThe continuouscomputer stock tab forms bond 15-pound (1
27、7 3 22 in. (500sheets) (56.4 g/m2) as the carrier system. Allow at least fivesheets of the computer stock tab forms bond for lead-in.13.1.1.1 Position the manifold set (normally 812 by 9 in.(216 by 229 mm) grain long) on top of the computer stock tabforms bond with the 812-in. (216-mm) edge 1116 (27
28、 mm) fromstock tap perforations and the 9-in. (229-mm) edge 112 in.(23.1 mm) from the left hand punched end as the stock tabfeeds through the printer (see Fig. 1).NOTE 3When evaluating forms on printers which automaticallyadjust the unit to the form caliper, the test manifold set must be positioneds
29、o its left hand edge is14 to34 in. (6.35 to 19.05 mm) from the tractor pinholes along the left-hand side as the stock tab forms are fed into theprinter. This allows the test manifold set to activate the forms thicknesssensor button.13.1.1.2 Remove trapped air from within the test manifoldset by posi
30、tioning a board 8 in. by 712 by34 in. (203 by 191 by19.1 mm) weighing approximately 14.1 oz (400 g) in the centeron top of the form set.13.1.1.3 With the board in place and using12 in. (12.7 mm)wide transparent tape (2.5 mils or 0.064 caliper), tape all fouredges of the test manifold set securely to
31、 the continuous stocktab sheet.13.1.2 Continuous Envelope Method:13.1.2.1 See Fig. 2 for detail and dimensions of a continu-ous envelope system that can be used for this test.Aperforationis used between the individual envelopes for purpose of foldingand subsequent separation. Perforations are provid
32、ed for re-moval of windows from the front and back of the envelope.13.1.2.2 Use two empty envelopes for leading and twoempty envelopes for finishing the run through the printer.Apply tape to avoid catching and tearing at the horizontalperforations of the perforated window areas of the leading andfin
33、ishing envelopes, as it is being run through the printer. Use12 in. (12.7 mm) wide transparent tape, that is 0.0025 in. (0.064mm) in thickness, cut to approximately 1 in. (25.4 mm) longerthan the width of the window areas. Apply tape to both thefront and back, and to the top and bottom of the window
34、 areahorizontal perforations. Locate the strips of tape so that theyextend the window widths by approximately12 in. on eachside, and so that the top half of the tape is above and the bottomhalf of the tape is below the horizontal perforations.13.1.2.3 Remove the perforated window flaps from the topp
35、ly of a sufficient number of consecutive envelopes to accom-modate the number of test and control sets to be run.13.1.2.4 When working with right-hand opening envelopes,insert the manifold test and control sets with the right hand,using the left hand to guide the sets into the individualenvelopes. M
36、ake sure sets are properly inserted.13.1.2.5 With the test and control manifold sets properlyinserted in the individual envelopes, apply strips of transparenttape to the bottom of the window areas. Use tape that is12 in.(12.7 mm) wide and 0.0025 in. (0.064 mm) thick. The tapeshould be cut to approxi
37、mately 1 in. longer than the width ofthe window area. Locate the strips of tape so that they extendthe window widths approximately12 in. on each side, and sothat the top half of the tape is on the copy ply of a stuffed setand the bottom half of the tape is on the top envelope ply.13.1.2.6 Reposition
38、 the complete system so that the frontsare now down on a smooth work surface.13.1.2.7 With the test and control sets securely in position,remove the perforated back of each envelope.13.1.2.8 Fasten the lower edge of the window areas on thereverse side in the same manner as 13.1.2.5.13.1.2.9 Carefull
39、y force any air that could be occludedbetween the plies out of the opened side of each envelope.13.2 For control purposes, include manifold sets from thesame manufacturer which, from previous experience, havebeen found to have known performance qualities in normaluse.13.3 Refold the test manifold se
40、ts and condition accordingto 12.1.13.4 After conditioning, feed the lead-in into the printer andrunning at normal speed, image the manifold sets in accor-dance with 10.1 and 11.1.13.5 Remove the printed test manifold sets from the printertaking precautions not to fold or otherwise cause smudge orpre
41、ssure damage. Test manifold sets can then be separated fromthe stock tab or envelope using a paper cutter or other suitablemeans.14. Procedure for Comparative Image QualityEvaluations14.1 Deleave the plies and visually compare the test andcontrol manifold set images. The images on correspondingmanif
42、old copy should be compared for relative values of thefollowing characteristics:14.1.1 Image intensity,F1175 88 (2011)314.1.2 Image sharpness,14.1.3 Image granularity,14.1.4 Image fill-in,14.1.5 Image spread,14.1.6 Cleanliness, and14.1.7 Hammer shadow.NOTE 4When using continuous envelopes, evaluate
43、copy that appearsin the window area only. In addition, do not consider images that areaffected by the additional thickness contributed by tape and the envelopesframe itself.15. Report15.1 Report the relative image quality produced from thetest manifold sets as equal to, greater than or less than the
44、image quality produced from the control manifold sets. Thefollowing features of images can be considered:15.1.1 Intensity,15.1.2 Sharpness,15.1.3 Granularity,15.1.4 Fill-in,15.1.5 Spread, and15.1.6 Cleanliness.16. Precision and Bias16.1 Repeatable ranking order results or a repeatable rela-tionship
45、to a control can be obtained with this practice providedthat:16.1.1 The same printer in the same condition is operatedwith similar voltages.16.1.2 Sample conditioning procedures are similar and,16.1.3 Ambient conditions are similar.16.1.4 Equivalent parts from the manifold sets are com-pared.17. Key
46、words17.1 carbon paper; carbonless paper; computer impact print-out; continuous printing; imaging device; impact printer;manifold setASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standar
47、d are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif
48、not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, whic
49、h you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Perm
